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词汇（28）
李仕才
复习：1、核心单词2、重点短语3、写作句式4、我读我练（词汇应用、句式仿写）
【单句单词语法填空】
1、________(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
答案：Ignoring 设空处位于句首，考虑句中可能缺少主语或状语，再分析句子成分，句中已有谓语动词will be，句中缺少的是主语，再根据句意可知应用动名词形式。句意为：忽视这两种研究结果的差异将是你所犯的最严重错误之一。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语部分是will be，one of the worst mistakes是表语，you make是省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰mistakes。很显然，________ the difference between the two research findings是主语部分，结合语境可知设空处用动名词作主语。答案为Ignoring。
2．(2015·课标全国Ⅰ，70)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
答案：living 分析句子结构快速找到谓语动词arranges，从而判断此处应填非谓语动词；再根据句意可知，逻辑主语people与live之间为主动关系，最后确定填现在分词形式。句意为：香港的一家旅游公司Abercrombie & Kent说，他们经常在这儿为上海人和香港人安排方便的度假。该句的谓语动词是arranges，所以此处应是非谓语动词；people和live之间是主动关系，故填living作后置定语。
3．(2015·北京，21改编)________(catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
答案：to catch to catch在此作目的状语。句意：为了赶上早航班，我们提前订了出租车并且起得很早。
4．(2015·北京，23改编)The park was full of people，________(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
答案：enjoying enjoying为现在分词作伴随状语，与people形成逻辑上的主谓关系。句意：公园里人山人海，他们在沐浴着阳光愉快地玩耍。
5．(2015·天津，5改编)________(absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.
答案：Absorbed 动词absorb有“使专心”之意，常见短语be absorbed in，所以用过去分词作原因状语。
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核心单词
1.suppose vt. 猜想，假定，料想
2.surrounding adj. 周围的
3.survey n. 调查；概况
4.survival n. 存活下来；生存者，残存物
5.suspect n. 嫌疑犯，嫌疑分子
v. 怀疑
6.swallow v. 吞下，咽下
n. 燕子
7.switch v. 转换，转变
n. 开关，电闸；转换
8.symbol n. 符号，记号，象征
9.sympathy n. 同情，怜悯，慰问
10.symptom n. 症状
11.system n. 体系；系统
12.systematic adj. 系统的，有条理的
13.talent n. 天才，天赋
14.target n. 目标，靶子
vt. 瞄准
15.tasty adj. 味道好的
16.technology n. 技术
17.temporary adj. 临时的，暂时的，非永久的
18.temptation n. 引诱；诱惑
19.tendency n. 趋向，倾向
20.tense adj. 紧张的
v. 拉紧；使肌肉变得绷紧
n. 时态
21.thrill n.& v. 兴奋，激动
22.tolerate vt. 忍受；容忍，宽恕
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23.total adj. 总数的；总括的；完全的
n. 合计，总计
v. 合计为
24.tourist n. 旅行者，观光者
25.tournament n. 锦标赛，联赛
重点短语
1.run away from 跑掉；逃避
run out of 用完；用尽
run out 用完
run across 穿过；偶然碰到
run after 追逐；追求
run into 撞上；遇到
2.set down 写下，记下；登记
set about doing sth/set out to do sth 开始做某事，着手做某事
set out 出发；开始
set up 建立；树立；设立
set sb free 释放某人
set fire to/set...on fire 放火烧……
set off 引爆；出发；动身
set aside 搁置，把……放在一旁
3.show up 露面；出现
show...in 带或领……进来
show sb into 领某人进入
show sb out 领某人出去
show sb around/round someplace 领某人参观某地
show sb to the door 送某人到门口
show off 炫耀；显示
【阅读理解】
Aging brings wrinkles, sagging bodies and frustrating forgetfulness. But getting
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older is not all bad for many people. Mounting evidence suggests aging may be a key to happiness. There is conflicting research on the subject, however, and experts say it may all boil down to this: Attitude is everything.
Older adults tend to be more optimistic and have a more positive outlook on life than their younger and stressed opposites. The big question is why seniors are happier. A recent study suggests one reason: Older adults remember the past through happy memories. Aging can bring more cheer as people become more comfortable with themselves and their roles in society. The older adults said they were enjoying more time with their family, spending more time on hobbies and having greater financial security and did not have to work.
But others are doubtful about the link between happiness and growing older.
"The notion that those in old age are happiest is misleading," said Richard Easterlin, a professor of economics at the University of Southern California. "It is based on comparing people of different ages who are the same in terms of income, health, family life." Easterlin added, "When you take account of the fact that older people have lower income than younger, are less healthy, and more likely to be living alone, then you will find it hard to accept that they are happier.
In fact, scientists have found that as people age, their health declines and social networks disappear as their friends die, which can make the elderly less happy.
Even if one does give in to age's dark side, health and happiness don't always go hand-in-hand. It's all about attitude. Research by the University of Chicago’s Yang suggests that attitude about life and happiness, is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness.
Despite the conflicting findings about aging and happiness, the good news is that there doesn’t appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in one’s life. “Most people desire happiness,” Easterlin said. “To my knowledge, no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness.”
1.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A. The key factor to older adults’ happiness
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B. There is a conflict between aging and happiness
C. No one can define the limit to happiness.
D. The relationship between health and happiness.
2.Why are some seniors happier according to some experts?
A. They focus on what makes them feel good.
B. They have their own circle of friends.
C. They have better income after retirement.
3.What can we learn from the passage?
A. People of the same age have the same sense of happiness.
B. Attitude may play a very important role in happiness.
C. People who adapt the best to changes are more likely to be unhappy.
D. Older adults who have more valuable life experience are more optimistic.
4.What’s the topic discussed in the passage?
A. Whether aging or attitude brings happiness.
B. Why seniors adapt the best to changes in society.
C. What the limit to an elder person’s happiness is.
D. How older people feel compared with younger people.
【文章大意】随着年龄的增加变老，人们的幸福感也是不一样的。一些人认为老年人会更幸福些，而另一部分分则持有相反的观点。无论如何，幸福的关键在于一个人对生活的态度。
1.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据此段中“the good news is that there doesn’t appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in one’s life… no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness.”可知，幸福是没有标准和限度的。故选C。
3.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“It's all about attitude. Research by the University of Chicago’s Yang suggests that attitude about life and happiness, is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out
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that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness.”可知，人们对生活和幸福的感觉主要取决于一个人的态度。故选B。
写作句式
非谓语动词作状语
1.(2016·天津高考书面表达)Looking back on the past two weeks, we can’t help thinking of the heated discussions we had in class.回顾过去的两周，我们情不自禁想起了我们课堂上进行的那些激烈的讨论。
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Actually, I have been expecting to meet you on Sunday to have a good time.
实际上，我一直期望能在周日和你见面，一起度过一段美好的时光。
3.What’s worse, I found myself having a fever this morning and I went to the clinic for immediate treatment, only to be advised to stay in bed for three days.
更糟糕的是，今天早晨我发现自己发烧，立刻去诊所治疗，结果被建议卧床休息三天。
4.As a young student, I suggest that the teacher choose some more films that appeal to us teenagers, thus making the course more interesting.
作为一名年轻的学生，我建议老师多选择吸引我们青少年的电影，这样会使课程更有趣。
我读我练
Ⅰ.词汇应用
1.According to a recent survey(调查), heavy homework is what most students often blame for their lack of sleep.
2.Many students seek for temporary (临时的) jobs during their summer holidays to get some experience.
3.Exporting is necessary for their economic survival (survive).
4.As you know, apart from tasty(taste) dumplings, what elderly people in the nursing home also need is warmth and care.
5.When they were here on holiday I showed__them__round/around (领他们参观了)the
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beautiful scenery in my hometown.
6.We gathered at the foot of Daqing Mountain and set__out (出发)for the top in high spirits.
Ⅱ.句式仿写
1.我写此信，请您帮我修改我的求职信和简历。
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am writing to__ask__you__to__help__polish my letter of application and resume.
2.得知我们学校图书馆要买书，我想提些建议。
(2014·浙江高考书面表达)Knowing_that_our_school_library_is_going_to_buy_
books,_I’d like to give some suggestions.
3.出生在一个贫困的小职员家庭中，查尔斯·狄更斯接受了很少的学校教育。
Born__into__a__poor__clerk’s__family,__Charles Dickens had little schooling.
4.坐落在山顶的庙经历了这个地区的许多变化。
Standing__on__the__top__of__the__mountain，the temple has witnessed many changes in this area.
【练习】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2018·潍坊市高考模拟考试)
Dear Sir/Madam，
I have received the sneakers that I buy from your online shop.With the excitement，I unwrapped the package but found something wrong with them.So I’m writing to inform you the problems.
First，the color of the sneakers that I want are red instead of black.Second，size 41 is too large for them.That annoys me most is that there are several little stain on one of the sneakers.They really look awfully.If putting in my situation，how would you feel?
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I'd like to change this pair for a new one and give me the money back.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Sincerely yours，
Lin Ming
【答案】
Dear Sir/Madam，
I have received the sneakers that I from your online shop.With excitement，I unwrapped the package but found something wrong with them.So I’m writing to inform you the problems.
First，the color of the sneakers that I want red instead of black.Second，size 41 is too large for . annoys me most is that there are several little on one of the sneakers.They really look .If in my situation，how would you feel?
I'd like to change this pair for a new one give me the money back.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Sincerely yours，
Lin Ming
第一处：考查动词的时态。根据“I have received”可知，此处表示过去的事情，因此应用动词的过去式。
第二处：考查固定搭配。with excitement是固定搭配，意为“怀着激动的心情”。
第三处：考查固定搭配。inform sb.of/about sth.是固定搭配，意为“通知某人某事”。
第四处：考查主谓一致。本句中，主语“the color of the sneakers that I want”的中心词是“color”，因此谓语动词应用单数。
第五处：考查代词。根据语境可知，运动鞋是“我”买的，所以应是对于“我”来说41号太大了。
第六处：考查连词。that虽然能够引导主语从句，但不能在从句中充当成分。本句中的主语从句中缺少主语，因此不能用that来引导。名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语的时候，只能用what来引导。注意首字母大写。
第七处：考查名词复数。可数名词stain前面有“several”修饰，因此要用复数形式。
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第八处：考查形容词。句中的“look”属于感官类动词，在句子中的用法相当于系动词，因此后面应用形容词作表语。
第九处：考查动词。If引导的是条件状语从句，从句省略了主语“you”和be动词完整形式为if you were put in my situation，故将putting改为put。
第十处：考查连词。根据语境可知，“我”想要换一双新的，或者给“我”退款。此处表示选择关系，而非并列关系。
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