人教版八年级英语下Unit8 Grammar focus课件(共56张PPT).ppt

Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet ? Section A Grammar Focus 现在完成时态 Present Perfect Tense Grammar Focus Have you read Little Women yet ? Yes, I have ./No, I haven't . Has Tina read Treasure Island yet ? Yes, she has . She thinks it's fantastic. Have you decided which book to write about yet ? Yes, I have . I've already finished reading it. It was really good. 现在完成时： 结构： 主语 + have / has + 动词的过去分词 一般疑问句 ： have / has … ? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. 现在完成时 1. 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和 already ， never,ever,just,before,yet 等状语连用。 2. 过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态， 常与 for 或 since 引起的一段时间状语连用。 动词构成： have/has+v 过去分词 have breakfast I have just had my breakfast. ( 现在我不饿 ) I’m not hungry now moved here in 2004 I still live here I have lived here for three years. I have lived here since 2004/three years ago. now past ● 现在完成时的用法 : (1) 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have already read Treasure Island. I have returned the book to the library. I have bought a new house. ● 现在完成时的时间状语 : (1) 用副词 already 和 yet 。 already 一般用于肯定句中 , yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 We have already finished our homework. We haven’t finished our homework yet .    Have you finished doing your homework yet ? already 一般用于肯定句，用于疑问句时表示惊讶，出乎意料。 常放于句中，实义动词之前，助动词之后。 yet 一般用于否定句或疑问句。 常放在句尾， not yet 常用在答语中，意为“尚未；还没有”。 (2) 用 ever 和 never 。多用于否定或疑问句中 , 表示“曾经”或“从未”等。 —Have you ever been to the Great Wall?      你曾经去过长城吗？ —No, I have never been to the Great Wall.     不 , 我从未去过长城。 No, never . 不， 从来没有。 ● 现在完成时的时间状语 : (3) 用副词 just 和 before 。 I have just finished my homework. They have never visited the Great Wall before. .    Have you ever been to Hong Kong before ? (4) 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语 , 如 so far/up to now, in the past/ last few years 等 。 So far we have learned seven units Deqing has changed a lot in the past / last few years. ever just already yet e.g. Have you _____been to Japan? I have _____ finished my homework. I have finished my homework ______ . I haven’t finished my homework ____ . （ 5 ） . just, already, yet, before/ ever, never 有此 类副词时 , 常强调动作完成 , 不强调动作的持续 . 2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在 ( 也许还会继续进行下去 ) 的动作或状态。 1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。 2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。 ( 1) . for + 表示 一段 时间的短语 ( 2). since + 表示 过去时间点 的词语 ( 3). since + 表示过去时间的时间状语 从句 eg.I have been a teacher ______ a year. He has been at this school _______ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _______ we came to this school. for since since 现在完成时句中常见的时间状语 A. 表示从过去一直持续到现在 , 不能是具体 的过去时间。 注意 : 瞬间动词的肯定式不能和时间段状语连用。 如： come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, open, close, become, begin, start, borrow, stop, marry 因为它们所表示的动作是 一时的 , 不能延续的 , 故不能与 for …, since … 等表示一段时间的状语连用。不过 , 瞬间动词的否定式 是可以与表示持续的时间状语连用， 即动作的不发生是可以持续的。 现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词 英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的。 终止性动词也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词，如 : open, close , become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, die, leave, go, come, join, marry, start, stop 等。 I have already borrowed a book. I have borrowed a book for two weeks . √ 不能说 : *He has come to Beijing for two years . *He has bought that book for three weeks . *He has joined the Army for one and a half years . *His grandma has died for nine months . 可以说 : He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months. 或者说： It is two years since he came to Beijing. It is three weeks since he bought that book. It is one and a half years since he joined the Army. It is nine months since his grandma died. 终止性动词表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成 , 不能再延续 , 所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用 , 即不能与表示一段时间的状语 , 如 for + 时间段、 since + 时间点 / 从句连用 , 也不能用在 how long 引导的特殊疑问句。 以下是常用的瞬间性动词和延续性动词转换对应表 : come —be (in) buy —have borrow —keep leave —be away die —be dead stop —be over begin / start —be on open- be open close- be closed I have bought this car for two years . since 2012 . I have had this car for two years. since 2012. 若保留 for + 时间段 , since + 时间点 / 从句 , 或用在 how long 句型中 , 则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。 不能说 : *He has come to Beijing for two years . *He has bought that book for three weeks . *He has joined the Army for one and a half years . *His grandma has died for nine months . He has got up for 5minutes. 可以说 : He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months. He has been up for 5minutes. 现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况， 不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如： in 1990 ， last Sunday 等）。 一般过去时： 一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 现在完成时 与一般过去时的区别： have / has + V 过去分词 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身 , 与现在 的结果无关。 现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。 Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。 注意 : 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语 ( 如 : yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等 ) 连用 ， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语 ( 如 : already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately 等 ) 连用 ； 也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语 ( 如： today, this morning, this week, this year 等 ) 连用 。 She has already finished her work. 她已经把工作做完了。 I haven’t read the story yet . 我还没读过这个故事。 Have you met him before ? 你从前曾见过他吗？ Lily has always been a good student. Lily 一直是个好学生。 比较： I have seen him this morning . 我上午看见他了。 ( 说话时在上午 ) I saw him this morning. 今天上午我遇见了他。 ( 说话时可能是下午或者晚上 ) It has been cold this winter. 今天冬天一直很冷。 ( 说话时仍是冬天 ) have been to 与 have gone to e.g. (1) I have been to Beijing. (2) Where is he? He has gone to Beijing. _____________ 曾经去过某地，现在不在那里，已经回来了。 _____________ 去了某地，还没回来或在路上，可能还在那里。 have been to have gone to 1.—Where is John? —He ______ the science lab. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to 2.—Where is my sister, mum? —She ___ to the library. She will be back soon. A. has been B. is going C. has gone D. will go A C 活学活用 3.—May I speak to Lin Tao? —Sorry, he is not in. —He ______ to Changsha. A. has been B. has gone C. went B 改写句子 1.My father came back from the bookshop just now. My father ______ just ________ ______ the book shop. 2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001. He _____ _______ Chinese since 2001 . 3.The film began two minutes ago. The film _____ ______ ______ since two minutes ago . 4.He has had the motorbike for two years. It’s two years ______he ________ the motorbike. He ________ the motorbike two years ______. Two years ______ ______ since he ______ the motor bike. has returned from has learned has been on since bought bought ago has passed bought 1.I borrowed the library book two days ago. I _______ _______the library book________ two days. 2.The meeting started ten minutes ago. A. The meeting________ _________ _________ _________ten minutes ago. B. The meeting________ _________ ___________ ________ten minutes. have kept for has been on has been on since for 同义句 3.My brother joined the Party last year. A. My brother _________ _________ ________the Party since last year. B. My brother__________ ________ _______ party member since last year. 4.He left Nanjing two years ago. He_________ _________ ________ ________ Nanjing for two years. has been in has been a has been away from 5. That dog died last month. That dog_______ ________ ________since last month. 6. He has had the bike for two years. A. Two years______ _______since he ________the bike. B. It’s ______ __________since he_________ the bike. C. He _______the bike two years__________. has been dead has passed bought two years bought bought ago 1 、 They have been here since 2000 . ( 对划线部分提问 ) ________ _________ have they been here? 2 、 The old man _______ last year. (die / dead) He ______ _______ ______ for a year. (die / dead) （选词填空） 3 、 This factory opened twenty years ago.( 同义 句转换 ) This factory _____________ for twenty years. How long died has been open has been dead 4 、 Miss Gao left an hour ago. ( 同义句转换 ) Miss Gao _____ ____ _____ _____ an hour. 5 、 Her mother has been a Party member for three years . （同义句） Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ . has been away for joined ago 1 、你来晚了，电影已放了 10 分钟了。 A: You are late. The film for 10 minutes. B: You are late. It ten minutes since the film . C: You are late. The film 10 minutes . has been on is began / started began / started ago 瞬间 动词和 延续性 动词、状态句型转化练习 : Exercise 2 、我叔叔当兵已经有 2 年了。 A: My uncle ____ ______ ___ the army for 2 years. B: It ____ 2 years _____ my uncle joined the army. C: My uncle __________ the army 2 years ago. 3 、 Linda 已经感冒 4 、 5 天了。 A: Linda __________ a cold _____ 4 to 5 days. B: It _____4 to 5 days since Linda ________ a cold C: Linda __________ a cold 4 or 5 days _______ . has been in is since joined has had for is caught caught ago 4 、他爷爷去世已经有 5 年了。 A: His grandpa ____ ________ _____ for 5 years. B: It _____ 5 years since his grandpa ______. C: His grandpa ___________5 years _____ . 5 、你来晚了，火车已经开走了 20 分种了。 A: You’re late. The train ____ ______ ______ for 20 minutes. B: It ____ 20 minutes since the train ______. C: The train _____20 minutes ________ . has been dead is died died ago has been away is left left ago 改错 : How long have you become a league member ？ For more than one year. Have you arrived here since last night. Yes ， you ’ re right. The dog has died for a month. He has gone to Shanghai twice. How long have been at this school? Since two years . been been been dead been ago. For 1. 她成为一名护士已经三年了。 2. 我五年前就认识李雷了。 3. 那些相片我已经寄给他了。（ post ） 4. 我来到这个学校后，他就一直教我。 5. 我刚丢了我的历史书。 She has been a nurse for three years. I have known Lilei since five years ago. I have already posted the photos to him. He has taught me since I came to the school. I have just lost my history book. 二 翻译 改写句子 1.My father came back from the bookshop just now. My father ______ just ________ ______ the book shop. 2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001. He _____ _______ Chinese since 2001 . 3.The film began two minutes ago. The film _____ ______ ______ since two minutes ago . 4.He has had the motorbike for two years. It’s two years ______he ________ the motorbike. He ________ the motorbike two years ______. Two years ______ ______ since he ______ the motor bike. has returned from has learned has been on since bought bought ago has passed bought 1.I borrowed the library book two days ago. I _______ _______the library book________ two days. 2.The meeting started ten minutes ago. A. The meeting________ _________ _________ _________ten minutes ago. B. The meeting________ _________ ___________ ________ten minutes. have kept for has been on has been on since for 三 同义句 3.My brother joined the Party last year. A. My brother _________ _________ ________the Party since last year. B. My brother__________ ________ _______ party member since last year. 4.He left Nanjing two years ago. He_________ _________ ________ ________ Nanjing for two years. has been in has been a has been away from 5. That dog died last month. That dog_______ ________ ________ since last month. 6. He has had the bike for two years. A. Two years______ _______since he ________the bike. B. It’s ______ __________since he_________ the bike. C. He _______the bike two years__________. has been dead has passed bought two years bought bought ago 1. I ________heard of that story before. A. don’t have B. not have C. have not D. not to have 2. She’ s never been to that factory,_________? A. is she B. was she C. does she D. has she 3. Have you made dumplings__________? No, I haven’t. A. just now B. yesterday C. ago D. before 4. Tom________ ill since last night. A. was B. is C. has been D. be 5. How long have you_ ________ Nanjing? A. gone to B. been to C .been in D. went to C D D C C 6. How many times has Jim _______that park? Twice. A. gone to B. been to C. been in D. went to 7. I’ve______ this dictionary for half a year. A. bought B. had C. lended D. borrowed 8. She won’t go to the cinema this evening because she ________the film before. A. has seen B. saw C. sees D. is seeing B B A 句型转换 1. I have finished my homework. ①I ______ ______ my homework. ( 改为否定句 ) ②—______ you ______ your homework? ( 改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答 ) —Yes ， ______ ______. 答案： 1. ①haven’t finished ②Have ； finished ； I have 2. His dream has come true. ( 改为一般疑问句并作否定回答 ) --- ______ his dream ______ true? --- No ， ______ ______ . 答案： 2. Has ； come ； it hasn’t 单项选择。 ( )1. — Have you taken out the trash, Belly? — ______. I’ll do it right away. A. Sorry, I have B. No, I didn’t C. No, I don’t D. Not yet ( )2. — Have you _______ visited Shanghai? — No, _______. A. ever; not B. never; not C. ever; never D. never; ever D C ( )3. —Could you go to the park with me this afternoon? —Sorry, I _______ there. I went there yesterday. A. have gone B. have been C. went D. was ( )4. —Have you washed your clothes ______? —No, I haven’t. But I have cleaned the room _______. A. ago; already B. yet; yet C. before; yet D. yet; already B D ( )5. I am a soldier. I ______ the army ______ about five years. A. have joined; since B. have joined; for C. have been in; for D. have been in; since C 中考链接 (2010 . 河北省卷 ,41. 1) My brother left school in 2005, and since then he in Beijing. A. lives B. lived C. will live D. has lived (2010· 湖北省黄冈市， 35 ， 1) - I joined the League ______ May, 2008. What about you? -I’ve been a League member ______ three years. A. in; for B. on; in C. on; for D. in; since D A So far many new houses _____ in Wenchuang with the help of the government. A. build B. are built C. will build D. have been built 答案： D 【解析】考查动词的时态。句中有 So far“ 到目前为止”，使用现在完成时态，故选 D 。 ( )【2013 广西贵港 】 —Do you know the movie Lost in Thailand ? —Yes. I ______ it twice. It’s funny. A. saw B. see C. have seen D. will see C 中考链接 ( )【2013 黑龙江牡丹江 】 —Lunch? —No, thanks. I__________. A. will eat B. am eating C. have eaten ( )【2013 湖北黄冈 】 —Where is Tom? We can’t find him anywhere. — Perhaps he _____ home. A. has come B. is going C. went D. was going C A 1. I ________heard of that story before. A. don’t have B. not have C. have not D. not to have 2. She’ s never been to that factory,_________? A. is she B. was she C. does she D. has she 3. Have you made dumplings__________? No, I haven’t. A. just now B. yesterday C. ago D. before 4. Tom________ ill since last night. A. was B. is C. has been D. be 5. How long have you_ ________ Nanjing? A. gone to B. been to C .been in D. went to C D D C C 一 选择题 Exercise 6. How many times has Jim _______that park? Twice. A. gone to B. been to C. been in D. went to 7. I’ve______ this dictionary for half a year. A. bought B. had C. lended D. borrowed 8. She won’t go to the cinema this evening because she ________the film before. A. has seen B. saw C. sees D. is seeing B B A Homework Retell what you did yesterday and what you have done now.