Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world ?Section A grammar

sectionA grammar 八下英语Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?Grammar FocusGrammar Focus What's the highest mountain in the world? Qomolangma. How high is Qomolangma? It's 8,844.43 meters high. It's higher than any other mountain. Which is the deepest salt lake in the world? The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all the salt lakes. Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world? Yes, I did. It's much older than the US.4a. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box. 1. The Amazon River is one of the _________ rivers in the world. It’s a little ________ than the Yangtze River. 2. Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters_______. big much popular long old high longest longer high It’s one of the most__________ places for serious mountain climbers. 3. No ocean in the world is as ________ as the Pacific Ocean. 4. Although Japan is __________ than Canada, it is _________smaller. popular big older muche.g. Two rivers：_________________ and _________________ ________________________________________ ____________ ________________________________________ ___________________________________ 4b. Write two comparisons about two topics. Write true facts. the Yangtze River the Amazon River The Yangtze River is almost as long as the Amazon River. The Amazon is longer than the Yangtze, but the Yangtze is the longest river in China.Two cities：__________ and __________ 1.______________________________________ 2.______________________________________ _____________________________________ Two animals：__________ and __________ 1.______________________________________ 2.______________________________________ _____________________________________4c. Write five questions using comparisons. Then ask your partner your questions. 1.____________________________________ 2.____________________________________ 3.____________________________________ 4.____________________________________ 5.____________________________________ What is the highest building in our city? Who is the oldest people in our city? What is the most popular street in our city? What is the most delicious food in our city? Where is the busiest road in our city?Grammar FocusGrammar Focus (一)数词 Numeral数词是用来表示事物的数目和顺序的 词。 数词的分类： 1.基数词 2.序数词 3.分数词 今天我们先来学习一下基数词。1. 复习1—100以内的所有数字。 2. 掌握百、千、万、十万、百万的 表达法。 1、1-19的基数词 one 1 two 2 three 3 four 4 five 5 six 6 seven 7 eight 8 nine 9 ten 10 eleven 11 twelve 12 thirteen 13 fourteen 14 fifteen 15 sixteen 16 seventeen 17 eighteen 18 nineteen 192、20—90等十位数 twenty 20 thirty 30 forty 40 fifty 50 sixty 60 seventy 70 eighty 80 ninety 90 twenty-one 21 twenty-two 22 ……………… 其它的十位数照此类推，如： thirty-one 31 forty-two 42 seventy-five 75 ninety-six 963、百、千、万 百 hundred 100 one hundred 200 two hundred 以此类推···· 千 thousand 1 000 one thousand 2 000 two thousand········· 英语里没有“万”这一单位，万也用 thousand表示。如：10 000 ten thousand 一万20 000 twenty thousand 两万 ····· 4、十万、百万 十万的说法是： 100.000 a (one) hundred thousand 200.000 two hundred thousand million 百万 a (one) million 1,000,000 two million 2,000,000 ········以此类推 ······ 8,000,000 eight million练一练 345 1001 18,657,421 three hundred and forty-five one thousand (and) one eighteen million, six hundred and fifty-seven thousand, four hundred and twenty-one1.The project lasted 5 years and cost 2 billion dollars. 2. The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 3. One thousand pounds is a lot of money. 表示确定数量时 用基数词+ hundred， thousand，million，billion多位基数词读法 457 890 608 389 three hundred and eighty-nine four hundred and fifty-seven eight hundred and ninety six hundred and eight 1）101~999的三位数由“百位数＋and+两位数 组成”。 如：325—three hundred and twenty-five 102 one hundred and two 635 six hundred and thirty-five2)三位数以上的数，从个位往前数，每三位数 加一个逗号，从后往前数的第一个逗号代表 thousand, 第二个逗号代表million, 第三个逗号 是billion，注意这几个词不能用复数形式，后 也不能加and。例如： 2,648 two thousand, six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million, two hundred and fifty thousand, sixty-four 确切数目与不确切数目的表达： hundred, thousand, million, billion等前面有 基数词，表示确切数目时，用单数，后直接 接复数名词；如： three hundred books one hundred people five thousand students seven million starts表示不确切数目时，这类词后加-s且与of连 用。如： hundreds of people thousands of students millions of birds billions of lions 注意：这类短语中，名词前如有定冠词、指 示代词或形容词性物主代词时，可加of, 但 表示的是范围。如：two hundred of the workers工人中的二百（人）Grammar FocusGrammar Focus (二)形容词的比较级和最高级 comparatives and superlatives with adj. and adv.short- shorter small - smaller nice nicer safe safer - - - - - - big thin heavy heavier happy happier big bigger thin thinnerdelicious – more delicious interesting – more interesting important— more important carefully---more carefully quickly---more quickly slowly---more slowly easily--- more easily大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级。 一、形容词比较级的构成 1.构成的不规则变化: 2.构成的规则变化:1. 构成的不规则变化: e.g. good / well – better – best bad / badly – worse – worst many / much – more – most little – less – least far – farther / further – farthest/ furthest2. 构成的规则变化: 1) 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾 后加-er 构成比较级 或-est构成最高级. 如： 原级 比较级 最高级 cold –—— colder –—— coldest bright——— brighter———brightest young—— younger—— youngest2) 以字母 e 结尾的词只加 –r 或-st 构成 比较级和最高级。 原级 比较级 最高级 nice ——— nicer –——— nicest fine——— finer———— finest large —— larger ———— largest3) 重读闭音节词末尾只有一个辅音字母 时, 先双写这个辅音字母, 再加-er或-est。 如: big – bigger – biggest thin – thinner – thinnest 4) 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的双音节词， 先改y为i, 再加-er或-est。如： easy – easier – easiest happy – happier – happiest5) 多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more 或most。如： delicious – more delicious – most delicious interesting – more interesting – most interesting important—more important —most importantcarefully---more carefully--most carefully quickly---more quickly ---most quickly slowly---more slowly ---most slowly easily--- more easily ---most easily形容词最高级的构成 A: tall short quick thick light cool warm quiet wild calm the -- est tall taller tallestB: heavy easy tidy dry busy happy healthy hungry early y -- i-- estC: large late nice -- st biggestD: big hot hottest thin “双写” thinnest wet wettest fat fattestAdjective delicious dangerous interesting popular beautiful careful friendly the most -- adj .Adjective better best far little worse worst more most farther farthest less least good well bad badly many much 1. good 2. comfortable 3. big 4. happy 5. cheap 6. many 7. difficult 8. little better best more comfortable most comfortable bigger biggest happier happiest cheaper cheapest more most more difficult most difficult less least1.用法：英语中三者或三者以上相比较，表示 “最……” 这样的最高程度概念时，要用 “the+ 最高级” 的结构表示。这种句式一般带有表 示比较的介词短语，比如: in our class, of the three 等。 例如：Wang Lin is the tallest in our class. This theater is the cheapest of the three. 注意使用最高级时应注意以下几点： 形容词的最高级 (1) 表示 “最……之一” 的句式，要用 one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词。 例如: Jingjiang Hotel is one of the biggest hotels in our city. Lisa is not one of my best friends. (2) 当最高级前面有物主代词或名词所有格时， 不加定冠词 the。 例如：Tom is Lucy’s best friend. Tuesday is her busiest day.(3) 最高级前可加序数词。 例如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. (4) 形容最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词， 代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。 例如：He is the laziest (student) in our class.2. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成 (1) 规则变化 a. 一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词比较级 直接加-er, 最高级直接加-est。如： clever—cleverer—cleverest cheap—cheaper—cheapest few—fewer—fewest small—smaller—smallest young—younger—youngest b. 以-e 结尾的形容词，比较级+ -r,最高级+ -st。如： large—larger—largest nice—nicer—nicest cute—cuter—cutest c. 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i +er或+est。 busy—busier—busiest heavy—heavier—heaviest easy—easier—easiest happy—happier—happiest dirty—dirtier—dirtiestd. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母结 尾的词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加+er或 +est。 如： big—bigger—biggest thin—thinner—thinnest fat—fatter—fattest hot—hotter—hottest e. 多音节和部分双音节形容词，需在原级前+more 构成比较级，+ most 构成最高级。如： important—more important—most important beautiful—more beautiful– most beautiful difficult—more difficult—most difficult 3. 不规则变化： 原级 比较级 最高级 good /well better best bad /ill worse worst little less least many /much more most far farther /further farthest /furthest old older /elder oldest /eldest最高级规则变化口诀： 最高级，很容易，一般词尾加est。 (cheap-the cheapest) 词尾若有哑音e, 直接就加st。 (close-the closest) 重读闭音节, 单辅音字母要双写。 (big-the biggest) 辅音字母加y, 记得把y变为i。 (friendly-the friendliest) 多音节，考考你，the most到底加哪里？ (popular-the most popular)1.We are going to the Green Restaurant for lunch. (就划线部分提问) ____________ you going for lunch? 2. Sam is the shortest in his class. (改为同义句) Sam is ________ than ____ _____ student in his class. Sam is _______ than _____ _____ students in his class. Sam is _______ than________ ______ in his class. 3. How do you like Screen City? (改为同义句) _______ do you __________ Screen City? Where are shorter any other What think of shorter the other anyone elseshorter 练习：改写句子The Comparative Superlative Degrees of Adjectives & Adverbs 总 结 形容词和副词 比较级和最高级late later - latest early earlier – earliest big bigger- biggest fluently/difficult more～, most～ 重读闭音节、末尾只有一个重读闭音节、末尾只有一个 辅音字母双写加辅音字母双写加 ––erer 或或 ––estest 单音节词在词尾比较级 加- er或最高级加- est 以e结尾的词，只需加 －r 或－st 以辅音字母加以辅音字母加 y y 结尾双音节结尾双音节 词变词变 y y 为为 i i 加加 ––erer 或或 ––estest 部分双音节和多音节词在原部分双音节和多音节词在原 级前加级前加 more more 或或 mostmost 少数以er,ow 结尾的双音 节词加-er -est tall taller- tallest clever cleverer-cleverest cheap, cold, small, warm, young, highfine, nice, safe happy, busy, dirty, easy, lazy, pretty fat, hot, red, thin, wet, sad narrow, yellow quickly, slowly, useful, careful, popular, modern, 形容词和副词比较级和最高级构成形容词和副词比较级和最高级构成 ((规则变化规则变化))　 不规则变化 good / well – better - best much / many – more - most bad / badly / ill – worse – worst little – less – least far – farther/ further– farthest – furthest old – older/ elder – oldest / eldest形容词和副词比较级的用法 1.Who runs faster, he or she? 2.He runs faster than she. 3.He runs much faster than she. 4.He becomes healthier and healthier. 5.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. 6.She is less healthy than he.1.表示两者之间的选择, 可用“Which/Who … + 比较，…or…?”. 2.2.表示两者之表示两者之间间的比的比较较，通常用，通常用连词连词 than than 引引导导，， 表示表示““更更············一些一些””．． 3.much/far/a lot, even ,still ,a little/a bit … 修饰比较级,表示程度. Who runs faster, he or she? He runs faster than she. He runs much faster than she.4. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……” 5. “the+比较级 , the + 比较级”表示“ 越…, 越 …” 6. 表示不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than…” 　 (双音节和多音节词) He becomes healthier and healthier. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. She is less healthy than he. He is healthier than she. Shanghai is becoming more and more modern.1.比较级 + and +比较级 越来越… 2.the+比较级 , the + 比较级　 越…, 越 … 3._______________you are, _________mistakes you will make. (你越仔细，做错的题目就越少） 4. __________you eat, _________you’ll be. (你吃得越多,就越胖) 5. Alice writes well. Mary writes _________________ than she. (甚至更好） The more careful the fewer The more the fatter 1.The girl becomes ______________________. (越来越漂亮） more and more beautiful 2. The weather is getting _________________. (越来越槽糕） worse and worse even / still better1.表示三者或三者以上比较,可用”Which/Who … +最高级,…,…or …?”表示. 2. 最高级+of/among (同类比较) in… (范围 比较) 4.one of + 形容词最高级 +名词复数表示“最… 之一” 3. 序数词修饰最高级 形容词和副词的最高级的用法 Who is the tallest, Tom , Mike , or Jack? Tom is the tallest of the three. Mike is the second tallest student in our class. Jack is one of the tallest students in our class. Tom runs (the) fastest in our class. 3. Lin Tao is __________________________ in the class because he never gets to school on time. （最懒的学生之一） 4. Edison was_________________________ in the world. 　(最伟大的发明家之一） one of the laziest students one of the greatest inventors 1. The Yangtze River is__________________ river in the world. (第三长河） the third longest 2. The Atlantic is __________________ ocean in the world. ( 第二大洋） the second biggest Exercise: 一、翻译句子：二、同义句转换 1. Flat A is more expensive than Flat B Flat B is _____ __________ than Flat A. Flat B is ________ _______ Flat A. Flat B is not ____ __________ ___ Flat A. 2. I prefer maths to English. I like maths __________________ English.better than 3.He is the tallest student in the class. He is ______________________________ in the class.taller than any other student any other +　名词单数 less expensive cheaper than as expensive as 1.Hainan is a very large Island .It is the second _________ island in china. (large) 2.Our teacher is as ______ as before. (Our teacher is as ______ as before. (busy).). 3.He is ______________ among us. (3.He is ______________ among us. (careful)) 4.Li Lei jumped far ______ than Jim. (far)4.Li Lei jumped far ______ than Jim. (far) 5.The busier he is, the ________ he feels. (5.The busier he is, the ________ he feels. (happy)) 6.I think Yao Ming is one of ____________ basketball players in NBA. (hot) busy the most careful farther happier largest the hottest 三、完成句子Homework Practice with your classmates to speak and write large numbers. Write some number cars and put them in your room. Whenever you see, read them quickly.