M3 Unit 2 Language(测)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)(原卷)

M3Unit2Language(测)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(2020-2021学年人教新版综合能力测试)AlmostfromthetimethatthefirstEnglishmansetfootuponAmericansoil,ourlanguagebegantoevolve(进化).Itisacontinuousprocessthroughoutthecenturiesandhasproducedalanguagethatdiffersfromourancestorsandshowsasignofourownfeature(特点)andindependence.By1790,therewerefourmillionAmericans,90%ofwhomweredescendants(后代)ofEnglishcolonists(殖民地定居者).This,ofcourse,leftnoquestionthatourofficialnativelanguagewouldbe“English,”butitwouldnotbethesameasthatspokeninGreatBritain.By1720,theEnglishcolonistsbegantonoticethattheirlanguagewasquitedifferentfromthatspokenintheirMotherland.Howdidthatcometobe?Therearemanyreasons,themostobviousbeingthedistancefromEngland.Overtheyears,manywordswereborrowedfromtheNativeAmericans,aswellasotherpeoplefromFrance,Germany,Spain,andothercountries.OtherwordsthatbecameunusedinEnglandcontinuedtobeusedinthecolonies.Inothercases,wordssimplyhadtobecreatedinordertoexplaintheunfamiliarlandscape,weather,animals,plants,andlivingconditionsthattheseearlypioneerswentthrough.ToournewlyindependentAmericans,theywereproudoftheir“new”Americanlanguage,wearingit,asyet,anothersymbolofindependence.In1789,NoahWebsterwroteinhisDissertationsontheEnglishLanguage:“ThereasonsforAmericanEnglishbeingdifferentthanBritishEnglisharesimple:Asanindependentnation,ourhonorrequiredustohaveasystemofourown,inlanguageaswellasgovernment.”TheevolutionoftheAmericanlanguagecontinuedintothe20thcentury,aswellastheAmericanpride.1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.HowtolearnAmericanEnglish.B.ThefrequentchangesofEnglish.C.ThedevelopmentofAmericanEnglish.D.ThedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.2.Wheredoyouthinkthewritercomesfrom?A.France.B.Germany.C.Spain.D.America. 3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.EarlyAmericansfeltproudoftheirnewlanguage.B.ThenewlanguagehelpedAmericansfightagainstenemies.C.EarlyAmericansjustfeltcuriousabouttheirnewlanguage.D.Thenewlanguagehassettleditsidentityandstoppeddeveloping.B(2020·江苏高三月考)ChinesepronunciationpuzzledexpertsinChinaforalong,longtime.Howdoyourecoverthesoundsimmortalizedinclassicaltexts?Howdoyoumaketheoldpoemsrhymeagain?Ascholar,ChenLi,reconstructedthelanguageinthe1840s.He'sfacingacenturies-oldproblem.Heexaminedthebookcloselyinfrontofhim.Itlookedold,untidyeven.Butithadquiteabackstory.1261yearsearlier,LuFayanoutlinedwhatwouldbecometheQieyun.Hebrokedownthesoundofeachcharacterwithtwomorecharacters!Anuppercharactertomatchtheinitialconsonant.Andalowercharactertorhymewiththefinalsounds,includingthetone.Withfanqie,youcancapturethesoundofasyllable!Simple.Andclever.Butitdidn'tgiveanoverviewofChinesephonology.Rhymersneededtotakeanotherstep:organizethisinformationintotablesThe12hcenturyRhymeMirrorisfullofrimetables.Thestartinglabelgivesthetablenumberandthekindofrhymethesesyllableshave.Alongthetoprowaresixarticulationcategoriesforconsonants.Anddowntheside,thefourtones.Thoughtheinterpretationisdebated,confidentscholarsspentcenturiessoundingoutancientChinesesyllablesandteachingthatChinesehadexactly36initialconsonants.ButChenLi’snotconvinced.He’scombingthrougholdfanqieandhisresearchrevealedflaws.Thereweren’t36initialsTherewere41.Fiveofthemneededtobesplitintwo.Butthere’smore:thesoundsintherimetablesarenotthesoundsintheQieyun.Laterresearchwillgoontoshowthateventheearlierstageitselfiscomplicated.It’sacompromisebetweenancientliterarydialects.Allthishardworkmerelyleftuswithcategories.Intheearly1900s,aSwede,Karlgren,traveledtoChinaandaddedanimportantpiece.Hefilledouttherimecategorieswithrealsounds.LinguistswentontorefinethesereconstructionsofAncientChinese.Theyevenrevealedsmallbutimportantdistinctions,likechongniu.Actually,it'snotasinglelanguagecalledAncientChinese.It'saperiodinlinguistichistorycalledMiddleChinese.Becausethere'sanevenolderlanguagetouncover,athousandyearsoldersill.Maybeonedaywe’llrhymeourwayintoOldChinese. 4.Howdoestheauthorbeginthearticle?A.Byraisingquestions.B.Bygivinganassumption.C.Byillustratingatypicalcase.D.Bydescribingauniquescene.5.What’stheshortcomingofQieyun?A.Itwasunpracticaltobreakeachcharacter.B.Itgavethedetailedinformationaboutsounds.C.Itbecamecomplexwithmanydifferentcharacters.D.ItfailedtogiveanoverviewofChinesephonology.6.WhatcontributionsdidChenLimaketotheChinesephonology?A.HecombedthrougholdQieyun.B.HefoundthefaultsofoldQieyun.C.Heleftuswithcategoriesandrealsounds.D.Hemadeacompromisetoancientdialects.7.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.ThereconstructionofQieyun.B.ThediscoveryofRhymeMirror.C.TheresearchesonChinesephonology.D.ThedevelopmentofChineselanguage.C(2021·陕西高三)TheInternationalMotherLanguageDayisonFebruary21standitwascreatedbytheUnitedNationstohelppreserveindigenous(土著的)languagesaroundtheworld.Duetoglobalization,indigenouslanguagesareincreasinglyunderthreatofextinction.Everytwoweeksalanguagedisappears,takingwithitanentireculture’sheritageandthusdiminishingtheworld’sculturaldiversity.Atleast43percentoftheestimated6000languagesspokenintheworldareendangered,onlyafewhundredareformallytaughtandusedandfewerthan100areusedinthedigitalworld,accordingtoUNESCO.Likelanguagesaroundtheworld,indigenousAustralianlanguagesareunderincreasingthreatofextinction.TheAustralianInstituteofAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderStudiesunderstandsthatinAustralia,thereweremorethan250indigenousAustralianlanguages,including800dialects,orlocalvariations,atthetimeofEuropeansettlementin1788.Todayonlyabout13indigenousAustralianlanguageshaveenoughyoungpeoplespeakingthemforthemtosurvive.Indigenouslanguageseverywherearemuchmorethanjustawayofcommunicating.YuinwomanAnneMartin,educatorandformernationalNAIDOCCommitteeCo-Chair,describedindigenouslanguagesas“thebreathoflife”.“Indigenouslanguagesarenotjustameansofcommunication,theyexpressknowledgeabout everything:Law,geography,history,familyandhumanrelationships,philosophy,religion,anatomy,childcare,health,caringforcountry,astronomy,biologyandfood.Eachlanguageisassociatedwithanareaoflandandhasadeepspiritualsignificance,anditisthroughtheirownlanguagesthatindigenousnationsmaintaintheirconnectionwiththeirancestors,landandlaw,”shesaidinaninterviewpublishedbyLaTrobeUniversity.InternationalMotherLanguageDayhasbeenobservedeveryyearsinceFebruary2000.In2019,thethemeis:“Indigenouslanguagesmatterfordevelopment,peacebuildingandreconciliation(和解)”.OneofUNESCO’sgoalsforthatyear’sInternationalMotherLanguageDayistocollectproverbsinasmanyoftheworld’sindigenouslanguagesaspossible.TheproverbswerecompiledandthemostappropriateonespublishedbytheUNonitswebsiteandotherpublications.AndthethemeforInternationalMotherLanguageDay2020is“Languageswithoutborders”.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishing”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Decrease.B.Add.C.Create.D.Replace.9.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Theincreasingnumberofindigenouslanguages.B.Thedevelopmentofindigenouslanguages.C.Theendangeredsituationofindigenouslanguages.D.Thepopularityofindigenouslanguages.10.WhatdoesAnneMartinthinkofindigenouslanguages?A.Theyarejustusedforcommunicationwitheachother.B.Theyarelooselyconnectedwiththeirancestors,landandlaw.C.Theyareveryimportantforindigenousnationsallovertheworld.D.Theyareaboutnotonlycommunicationbutknowledgeaboutallfields.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheThemeofInternationalMotherLanguageDay.B.AnIntroductionofInternationalMotherLanguageDay.C.TheProtectionofIndigenousLanguagesintheWorld.D.TheDecreaseofIndigenousLanguagesintheWorld.D(2021·全国高三)InventedbyFrenchteenagerLouisBraillein1824,Braillehasenabledblindkidsworldwide tolearntoreadandwrite.However,thesystemofraiseddots,representinglettersandnumbers,canbehardforyoungerstudentstolearn.Asaresult,parentsandeducatorsareincreasinglyavoidingthissystem,whichistaughtusingspecialtextbooks,infavorofonlinelearningprograms.Now,Denmark’sLEGOFoundationhopestochangethetrendwiththehelpofbraillebricks(盲文积木).Thebraillebricksaresimilartooriginalbuildingblocks.However,thebrickswithnumbersandlettersprintedonthebottomallowedblindandsightedplayerstobuildtogether.Thoughthebrickscanbestackedtogethertoformacrosswordgameorattachedtooneanothertoformwords,theyareunliketheregularones.Therefore,thecompanyrecommendsplacingthebricksside-by-side.Eachsetofabout250piecesincludeslettersA-Z,thenumbers0-9,aswellasbasicsymbolslikethe“plus”and“minus”signs.Specialpiecesarealsoincludedsokidscanplaywordandmathgames.Blindkidshavedreamsabouttheirfuturejustassightedchildren.Theyhavethesamedesiretoexploretheworldandsocializethroughplay.IntheFoundation,childrencanlearnbestthroughplayand,inturn,developtheirskills,suchascreativityandcommunication.Withthisproject,thefoundationisbringingaplayfulandinclusiveapproachtolearningbrailletochildren.KidsarenottheonlyonesbenefitingfromLEGO’sinventionthisyear.Itcanbenefitadultsaswell.Forthosenotintogaming,thereis“LegoArt”.Theartenablesadultstocreatepopart“posters”byarrangingthesebricksonacanvas(画布).TheofferingincludesAndyWarhol’sMarilynMonroe，MarvelStudio’sIronMan,andTheBeatles.Eachsetcomeswiththeappropriatemusic,interviews,andbackgroundinformation,providingfanswithanunforgettableexperienceastheycreatetheirmasterpieces.12.Whydoeducatorsavoidteachinginbraille?A.Braillebecomesoutofdateinreality.B.Brailleisdifficultforblindkidstomaster.C.Theyarenotgoodatitatall.D.Thespecialtextbooksareexpensive.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stacked”inParagraph2mean?A.Piled.B.Crashed.C.Pushed.D.Crossed.14.WhatareblindkidsexpectedtodointheLEGOFoundation?A.Pursuetheirhobbies.B.Formtheirhabits.C.Developtheirskills.D.Playforfun.15.Howcanadultsbenefitfromthebraillebricks?A.Theycanplaygamestogetherwiththeirkids.B.Theycangetmoreinformationfromthosebricks.C.Theycancreatesomeartworksbasedontheoffering. D.Theycanimpressthemselveswithawonderfulscene.二、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2021·浙江高一开学考试)Chineseisoneofthetwoworldlanguageswithoverabillionspeakers.WhiletheInternethasreferredtoEnglishasthemostusedlanguage,Chinesestillholdsthetoppositionasthemostusedmothertongue.1Justthinkofhowmanymorepeopleyou’dbeabletotalktoafterlearningsomeChinese!TherearefivetraditionalformsofChinesecalligraphy.TheseareconsideredclassicalartsandrepresentativesofChineseartstyles.2ItfirstappearedduringtheZhouDynastyandisstillpopularamongcalligraphyartiststoday,3Thismakesitquitedifficultfornon-nativespeakerstotellwordsfromsoundcombinations(组合).Whenyouaddinthetones,itaddsuptomakeChineseoneofthemostdifficultlanguagestolistentoandunderstand.VariousfactorscontributedtomakingChineseoneofthehardestlanguagestolearnforforeigners.4Usually,youmustlearn3,000charactersinordertobeconsideredfluentenoughtoreadthemorningnewspaper.However,thelanguageconsistsoftensofthousandsofcharactersthatmakefluencyadifficulttask.Whenyou’rewalkingaroundChina,youmightbesurprisedattheamountofwordsyou’reabletopickupquickly.ThankstoanincreaseinexposuretoWesternculture,Chinesehasmanyloanwords,orwordsborrowedfromEnglish,inusetoday.TheoriginofChinesecomesfromthediscoveryofthefamousOracleBonesandwhatisbelievedtobetheearliestsymbolsofChinese.TheseboneswerefirstusedintheShangDynasty.Withsucharichhistory,Chinesehasobviouslyexperiencedmanychangesandinfluencesduetowarsandculturalshifts(变迁).5A.AncientChinesecharacterswereused3,000yearsago.B.However,thelanguagestillexistedandcontinuedtogrow.C.In2010,thenumberofChinesenativespeakerstotaled955millionpeople.D.PeoplewhowishtostudyChinesemustputinyearsofworktoreachfluency.E.Thankstoitsuniquesoundsystem,Chineseisfilledwithsimilarsoundingwords.F.Theworld’smostnatively-spokenlanguage,Chinese,stillremainsapuzzletotheWest.G.ThemostpopularcalligraphystyleistheSealCharacterstyledevelopedbytheHanpeople.三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(改编自2021·广东高三)Fifteenyearsago,appswerenewandfewtrulyunderstoodtheirpotentials.Retailers(零售商)barelyknewthatconsumerscouldbrowseinstoreswhilecomparing1fromotherprovidersthroughappsbefore2makingthepurchaseonline.Tenyearsagobrick-mortar-and(实体店)retailerswerethreatenedasAmazonreleasedan“evil”promotionthatencouragedconsumerstousePriceCheckappwhilevisiting3stores.Anypurchasecompletedthroughtheappwasgivenrewarding4,whichsignificantlystimulatedsalesand5manyshopownerstobankruptcy(破产).“Mediahavereportedtheseappsasathreattophysicalstores,”saysaretailer.“However,less6isthefactthatitisalsoanopportunityforus.”Retailersneedtoacceptanysensiblebuyertendsto7prices.You’dbetterofferin-storeInternetaccessto8theseconsumers.Withcaringservicescombinedwithacceptableprices,thestoremightpersuadeconsumerstomakethedeal9.Astudyindicatesit’s10tolimittheitempricetoatmost5dollarshigherthanwhatonlinestorescharge.Afterall,forsomeconsumers,gettingtheabsolutelowestpriceisnottheir11.Manyofthem,instead,arewillingtopay12inexchangeforfavorableshoppingexperiences,suchasthepleasantstoreatmospherewithareasonableprice13.Besides,adoptingastrategyof14channelsisalsoessential.Withmanysalechannelsundercontrol,retailerssurelyhaveaccesstothelowestprice.Therefore,whenacustomerpullsoutamobiledeviceinstore,retailerscanbesparedthe15thatwasunavoidableforthemtenyearsago.1.A.pricesB.locationsC.experiencesD.similarities2.A.genuinelyB.generouslyC.particularlyD.finally3.A.domesticB.physicalC.imaginaryD.representative4.A.alternativesB.depositsC.refundsD.discounts5.A.corneredB.introducedC.contributedD.sentenced6.A.criticizedB.mentionedC.predictedD.recommended7.A.pursueB.distinguishC.questionD.compare8.A.assistB.banC.monitorD.expose9.A.outofplaceB.onthespotC.withinreachD.atrandom10.A.wiseB.convenientC.riskyD.challenging11.A.reputationB.greedC.priorityD.devotion12.A.taxB.cashC.muchD.extra 13.A.disorderB.gapC.lossD.reduction14.A.accessibleB.multipleC.loyalD.concrete15.A.suspicionB.effortC.panicD.guilt四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(改编自2020·湖南高一月考)Usually,whenwetalkaboutreading,wethinkofusingoureyestoseeletterswrittenininkonpaper.1,thisisnotalwaystrue.Forexample,blindpeoplecannotsee,buttheycanstillreadbooks.Theman2(introduce)blindpeopletoreadingwasLouisBraille.Braille3(lose)hiseyesightattheageofthreeasaresult4aninjury.Whenhewasten,hewenttoaschoolfortheblindinParis.In1821,asoldiervisitedtheschoolandshowedthestudentsasystemforpassingmessagesatnightduringtimesofbattle.Hissystemusedpaperwithsmall,5(raise)dotswhichcouldbefeltwiththefingers.Eachletterofthealphabet6(representation)byadifferentpatternwhichconsistedoftwelvedots.Whilethestudentsfoundthesoldier’sidea7(interest),thesystemwastoodifficulttobeof8(practice)use.However,youngLouisBrailletooktheideaandworkedonit.Attheageoffifteen,hecreatedasystem—‘Braille’.Theblindcan9(easy)recognizeBraillewiththefingers.Today,10isthemostcommonsystemforthemtoreadandwrite.五、写作写作(一)(2021·全国高二课时练习)假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim对汉字感兴趣。请你给他写封信介绍一下汉字。内容包括：1.汉字的特点；2.汉字的起源；3.汉字的演变。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.信的开头结尾已给出。DearJim,I’mgladthatyouareinterestedinChinesecharacters. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua写作(二)(2020·河北高三期中)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WillieWilsonwouldalwayslivelitetothefullest.HewasMr.Popularatschool,thestarofhismiddleschoolbasketballteam,withdreamsofgoingnationalteam.At13,hislifechanged.Hecouldn’tseethewordsontheblackboardclearlyinclass.Hecouldn’treadbookswithoutdifficulty.Soonhehardlyrecognizedhisschoolmatesinthehalls.Hisparentstookhimtotheeyedoctor.Williecouldstillslam-dunklikenooneelse,sotheythoughttherewasnothingserioustoworryabout.Maybehejustneededglasses.Butitkeptgettingworse.By15,hewasalmostcompletelyblind.Williedidn’thandlethesituationverywell.Hecamehomedrunkandpickedfightsatschoolwithanyonewhodaredtomakefunofhisblindness.“Iwastryingtoshoweveryonethattherewasnothingwrongwithme,”hesays.“ToprovethatIwasstillthesame‘ThrillWillieWilson’.”ThatdenialwasblownawayoneSundaywhenWillieheardnewsonTV.At18,hegavehislifetotheLordandreadbooksinBraille,findingcomfortinGod’sspecialloveforthosewhoareweak.Hewenttocollegeandwasachangedman.Hisprogresswasstopped,though.Hestartedtolosehishearinginthesamewayhehadlosthiseyesight.By21,hewasblindanddeaf.Hedroppedoutofschool,stoppededucationandmovedbackhomewithhisparents.Thistime,thedoctorswereabletotellthecauseofhissymptoms-abraintumor.Willie’sworldbecamedoctors’appointments,hospitalsandsurgeries.Hissparetimewasspentrecallinginhischildhoodbedroom.Hisfriendsdisappeared.HechallengedhimselftolearnAmericanSignLanguagesohecouldcommunicatewithothersbyfeelingtheirhands.Hisparentsandrelativesfoundsigningdifficult,though.Instead,theydrewlettersintohishand.Williegrewfrustratedbythelackofmeaningfulconversation.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 HisgrandfatherWillieWilson,Sr.,encouragedhimnottolosehope.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________However,anorganizationspeciallydesignedforthedisabilitieshelpedhimregainhisconfidenceandliveapositivelife.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________