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初中英语被动语态复习
一、被动语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主
动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如：
He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）
The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由"助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变 be 的形
式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
3、含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动
词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。如：
Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）
Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）
三、主动语态变为被动语态
转换图示：
1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：
（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：
注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：
Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.
（2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。
注意：They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.
他们昨天开会了。
（3）将主动语态的主语改为 be…放在谓语动词后。
注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。
He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.
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2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变
为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jack told us the truth. 杰克告诉了我们真相。
We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack.
四． 被动语态的基本用法
1.需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。
Magazines and newspapers in the reading-room mustn't be taken away.
阅览室的杂志和报纸都不能带走。
2.不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，应使用被动语态。
He was wounded many times during the Anti--Japanese War.
他在抗日战争期间多次负伤。
3.当说话人需要强调客观时，用被动语态。
It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be 40℃.
据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏 40 度。
特别记住：这一类用法的句型还有：
It is believed that... 据信，大家相信
It is known that... 众所周知
It is supposed that... 大家认为
It is suggested that... 据建议，有人建议
It must be remembered that... 务必记住
It is taken for granted that.…被认为理所当然
五、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词 do 为例）
1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。
2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)
A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。
A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。
4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)
The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。
A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。
5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)
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Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。
6．过去完成时(had been+done)
They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。
He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.
他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。
六、下列动词（词组）没有被动式：
1、 系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意
常见的系动词有：
① be 动词
② ……起来（7 个）：look/seem/appear, feel(感觉，摸起来), sound, smell, taste
e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible.
③ (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go
e.g. His wish has come true.
People often went hungry in the old days.
The tree is growing tall.
④ 保持：keep, stay
e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.
2、happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take
3、不及物动词 sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear 等，常用主动形式表示被
动意义。
○1 、An accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。
An accident happened yesterday.
○2 、The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
○3 、The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。
○4 、This book sells well.这本书畅销。
○5 、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。
○6 、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。
○7 、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。
○8 、The door won’t close/shut. 这门关不上。
○9 、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。
○10 、This material wears well (won’t wear). 这种材料耐久（不耐久）
七．含有双宾语的句子的被动语态
有一些动词如 give, buy 等，后面常跟两个宾语--直接宾语和间接宾语；通常直接宾语指 物，
间接宾语指人；指物或指人的宾语都可以作为被动句子的主语。例如：
例：①She gave me a book.= She gave a pen to book.
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→I was given a book by her.
→A book was given to me by her.
②My father bought me a MP3.= My father bought a MP3 for me.
→I was bought a MP3 by my father.
→A MP3 was bought for me by my father.
将这些带双宾语的动词背下来：
1.动词后加 to 的：
give 给 show 给……看 send 寄 bring 带…… pass 递给……
lend……借给 leave 留给…… hand…… 交给 tell 告诉 return 归还
write 写给…… throw 扔…… promise 答应 refuse 拒绝……
2.动词后加 for 的：
pay 付钱给……， buy 买， sing 给……唱歌， make 制，做，
do 做， get 得到
注意：所有要求不定式作宾语补足语而不带 to 的动词，包括感官 动词 see, hear, watch, feel,
look at, listen to 及使役动词 make, let, have 和动词 help,在变为被动语态时，还要把 to 加上
例如：
I saw him(宾) enter the Room 102(宾补).
He was seen(谓语)to enter the Room 102(宾补).
我看见他进入 102 室。(他被看见进入了 102 室。)
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