阅读提速练(三)
(限时 40 分钟)
对应学生用书(单独成册)第 160 页
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·合肥教学质量检测)The following four famous paintings—from Jan van Eyck's
portrait to Pablo Picasso's masterpiece—have stood the test of time.
The Arnolfini Portrait
Jan van Eyck's Arnolfini Portrait，an oil painting on wood produced in 1434，
in which a man and a woman hold hands with a window behind him and a bed behind her，
is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery，London.This painting
is not only visually interesting but also famed.It is also an informative document
on fifteenthcentury society，through Jan van Eyck's heavy use of symbolism—while
husbands went out to engage in business，wives concerned themselves with domestic
duties.
The Starry Night
Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night，oil on canvas(油画布)，a moderately
abstract landscape painting of a night sky over a small hillside village，during his
12month stay at the mental hospital in SaintRemydeProvence，France between 1889
and 1890.When the Museum of Modern Art in New York City purchased the painting from
a private collector in 1941，it was not well known，but it has since become one of
Vincent van Gogh's most famous works.
The Harvesters
The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder
in 1565.It depicts(描绘)the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the
months of July and August.Nicolaes Jonghelinck，a merchant banker and art collector
from Antwerp，once held this painting.The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum
of Art in New York City since 1919.
Guernica
Guernica，a large oil painting，was painted by the Cubist(立体派的)Spanish
painter，Pablo Picasso in 1937.The title “Guernica” refers to the city that was
bombed during the war.The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result，has
come to be an antiwar symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war.Today，the painting
is housed at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in Madrid.
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了四幅世界绘画名作的相关情况，包括其创作时间、画作内容等。
1．Which of the following paintings was produced earliest?
A．Guernica. B．The Harvesters.
C．The Starry Night. D．The Arnolfini Portrait.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章对四幅画的介绍可知，The Arnolfini Portrait 的创作时
间是 1434 年，The Starry Night 创作于 1889 至 1890 年间，The Harvesters 创作于 1565 年，
Guernica 创作于 1937 年。对上述四幅画的创作时间进行对比可知，D 项正确。
答案：D
2．Who created the painting describing the harvest seasons?
A．Pieter Bruegel the Elder.
B．Vincent van Gogh.
C．Jan van Eyck.
D．Pablo Picasso.
解析：细节理解题。根据 The Harvesters 部分第二句“It depicts the harvest time which
most commonly occurred within the months of July and August.”可知，Pieter Bruegel
the Elder 的画作描述了丰收季节的情况。故选 A。
答案：A
3．What do we know about the painting The Starry Night?
A．It was painted on wood in oils.
B．It described the painter's life in hospital.
C．It wasn't widely recognized before 1941.
D．It was given away to the museum by a collector.
解析：细节理解题。根据 The Starry Night 部分最后一句可知，1941 年，当纽约现代艺
术博物馆从一位私人收藏家手中买下这幅画时，它并不太有名，但后来却成为凡·高最著名
的作品之一。故选 C。
答案：C
词汇积累：Para.1：masterpiece n．杰作 Para.2：famed adj.著名的 informative adj.
提供有用信息的 domestic adj.家庭的，家务的 concern oneself with/about sth.对……
感兴趣
B
(2020·湖南名校高三联考)Uminur Kuchukova of Russia could have retired years
ago.Yet the 61yearold teacher keeps working at a school in the Siberian village
of Sibilyakovo.She continues to teach for one reason: the school's one and only
student，a nineyearold boy.Kuchukova is to leave next year for health problems，
which means the school will close.
Sibilyakovo is like thousands of villages across Russia：Many people moved out
of it after the closure of the local stateoperated collective farm.Sibilyakovo is
mainly home to Tatars，a Turkic group that is one of many minorities in Russia.In
the 1970s，the village had a population of 550 and a primary school with four
classes.Each class had about 18 children.Today the village's population has shrunk
to 39.
Kuchukova has taught at the school for 42 years.She has bought a home in the town
of Tara，about 50 kilometers away and plans to retire there with her husband at the
end of the school year.By then，she hopes，her only student will be old enough to
travel to a neighboring village for classes.But the nearest school is a 30minute
boat ride across the Irtysh River followed by a 20minute ride on a school bus.
Kuchukova does not think her student，Ravil，is ready yet for making such a trip
every school day.“His parents don't want to leave Sibilyakovo yet and it's scary
to send a little boy like him over the Irtysh.There are such big waves，” she says.
And even when she herself will finally retire and go to live in Tara，Kuchukova
will not leave her past behind，saying，“My parents are buried here；a part of me
is here.”
[语篇解读] 俄罗斯的一个名字叫 Sibilyakovo 的小村庄，因为 Kuchukova 老师的退休，
面临小学关闭的问题，Kuchukova 老师对此感到依依不舍。
4．Why did so many people leave Sibilyakovo?
A．Because there was no good school.
B．Because it wasn't comfortable to live there.
C．Because they wanted to make a living.
D．Because they hated working on the local farm.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Many people moved out of it after the closure
of the local stateoperated collective farm.”可知，当地国营集体农场关闭后，许多
人搬走了，也就是说农场的关闭导致他们失业，他们只好到其他地方谋生，故选 C。
答案：C
5．How does Kuchukova feel when it comes to Ravil?
A．Worried. B．Hopeful.
C．Proud. D．Guilty.
解析：观点态度题。根据第三段的“But the nearest school is a 30minute boat ride
across the Irtysh River followed by a 20minute ride on a school bus.”可知，Ravil
去最近的学校需要乘 30 分钟的船和乘坐 20 分钟的校车，再根据第四段的“it's scary to send
a little boy like him over the Irtysh.There are such big waves”可推知，Kuchukova
老师担心 Ravil 的安全问题。故选 A。
答案：A
6．Which of the following best describe Kuchukova as a teacher?
A．Responsible and caring.
B．Careful and positive.
C．Patient and determined.
D．Selfless and confident.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“She continues to teach for one reason: the
school's one and only student”可知，这位老师是有责任心的(responsible)；第四段提
到她担心 9 岁的 Ravil 一个人去上学的安全问题，说明她对学生很关心(caring)，故选 A。
答案：A
7．What does the last paragraph convey?
A．Kuchukova's love for Tara.
B．Kuchukova's plan for future.
C．Kuchukova's memory of her parents.
D．Kuchukova's bond with the village.
解析：推理判断题。根据尾段的“Kuchukova will not leave her past behind”和“My
parents are buried here；a part of me is here.”可知，Kuchukova 不会忘记自己在这个
小村庄过去的生活，而且她认为自己的一部分就在这里，由此可推知，她与这个小村庄之间
有很深的情感牵绊。故选 D。
答案：D
C
(2020·河北高三名校联考)In many walks of life and in many situations，persuading
people to do what you want them to do is the key to success.Researchers have looked
into different aspects of persuasion and come up with some interesting results which
are surely helpful to us.
One advertising copywriter came up with an approach to selling a product on a
TV shopping channel via phone sales.Instead of being instructed “Operators are
waiting，please call now”，viewers were told “If operators are busy，please call
again”．The results were extraordinary.The ad suggested operators weren't sitting
around hoping people would call.Instead there were so many people wanting the product
that people might have to wait until they could get it.
What role does choice have in persuading people to buy or get something？One study
in a supermarket showed the effect of choice.A particular supermarket displayed either
6 or 24 different kinds of jam.The large display attracted more interest than the
small one.But when the time came to purchase things，people who saw the large display
were onetenth as likely to buy.If they do buy，they are less content with their
selection，even though they have made a good choice. A wider range of choices require
more time and effort and lead to unreasonably high expectations.
Another aspect of persuasion concerns getting someone to change their mind.It's
hard to prove to someone that a previous decision is wrong，and as people get older
they get less and less willing to change their minds.People want things to be
unwavering；they want their attitudes，statements，values and actions to follow a
set pattern.The only way to persuade them to change is to acknowledge this by agreeing
that the previous decision they made is a perfectly understandable one.This allows
them to focus on your suggestion without feeling their previous decision is wrong.As
a result，they may be persuaded to break out of their established pattern.
[语篇解读] 说服别人对取得成功至关重要，作者在文中介绍了在实际生活中说服别人
的不同方式，以展示应该如何做说服工作。
8．What does the advertising copywriter want to indicate about the product?
A．It's in demand. B．It's rare.
C．It's for sale. D．It's precious.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“The ad suggested operators weren't sitting around
hoping people would call.Instead there were so many people wanting the product that
people might have to wait until they could get it.”可知，告知观众“如果接线员正
忙，请再呼叫”，而不是“接线员正在等待，请现在呼叫”是一种说服策略。接线员正忙，
说明订购的人多，暗示产品受到大家的认可，很抢手，故选 A。in demand“需求大”。
答案：A
9．What does the study mentioned in Paragraph 3 show?
A．More selections bring more actions.
B．Increased choice decreases satisfaction.
C．More and more people don't want to choose.
D．Some choices are more attractive than others.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“If they do buy，they are less content with
their selection，even though they have made a good choice.A wider range of choices
require more time and effort and lead to unreasonably high expectations.”可知，
选择的范围变大，会增加人们对自己的决定的不满，因为更多的选择需要投入更多的时间和
更大的努力，人们也会产生过高的期望，由此可知本题选 B。
答案：B
10．What does the underlined word “unwavering” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Reliable. B．Demanding.
C．Unique. D．Consistent.
解析：词义猜测题。画线词前面谈到“随着年龄的增长，人们越来越不愿意改变自己的
想法”，该词后面谈到“人们希望自己的态度、言论、价值观和行动都遵循既定的模式”。
由此推知画线词所在句应表示人们希望事情(观点、决定等)始终如一，故画线词与
consistent“一致的，始终如一的”意义相近。reliable“可靠的”；demanding“要求高
的”；unique“独特的”。
答案：D
11．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To compare different forms of persuasion.
B．To discuss various studies on persuasion.
C．To teach how to get better at persuasion.
D．To analyze how persuasion affects success.
解析：写作目的题。根据第一段“In many walks of life and in many situations，
persuading people to do what you want them to do is the key to success...some
interesting results which are surely helpful to us.”可知，说服影响着人们的成功，
研究人员研究了说服的不同方面，得出了一些有趣的结果，这些结果会对我们有帮助。下文
作者介绍了三个方面的说服案例和说服策略，其目的很明显：教人们如何更好地说服别人做
某事。
答案：C
词汇积累：Para.1：walks of life 行业
She has friends from all walks of life.
她在社会各界中都有朋友。
Para.2：copywriter n．广告文字撰写人
D
(2020·开封高三模拟)“The fact that the smoke reached São Paulo and blackened
an afternoon proves how unusual the fires that burn in the countryside of Brazil
are，”Ricardo Mello，head of the World Wide Fund for Nature's(WWF)Amazon program，
said.
The latest figures come at a time of international protest against the inaction
of President Jair Bolsonaro's administration.In July，Brazil's National Institute
for Space Research(INPE)showed data to the public，which indicated that there had
been a significant rise in deforestation(毁林)rates.Particularly，the figures showed
that in July 2019，deforestation had increased nearly 300 percent in comparison to
the same month in 2018.
Environmentalists are becoming increasingly concerned，accusing the government
of encouraging deforestation and those who want to make use of the forest for
commercial gain. During his time in power，Bolsonaro has moved to rob some power of
government agencies that are responsible for protecting the rainforest as well as
regulations covering native lands and nature reserves.Bolsonaro sees these kinds of
regulations as a drag on economic growth in the Amazon region.
Fire in the Amazon is used as a technique to clear land for agriculture.“Farmers
clear cut land to make way for agriculture，and then wait for the dry season to set
fire to clear the land so they can plant，” Mello said.“It's likely that all of
these forest fires are deliberately set by humans.”
Now it is the dry season in the Amazon，which means conditions in many parts of
the rainforest are suitable for the fires to spread over large areas.“It is very
unlikely that those fires break out naturally，” Mello said.“It is important to
remember that 2019 is not a strong El Niño year.When we have strong El Niños，weather
gets drier in the northern part of Brazil and this favors fires.This is not the case
of 2019.”
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了巴西热带雨林火灾的原因。
12．Why are deforestation figures of 2018 and 2019 compared?
A．To share knowledge of the Amazon forest.
B．To show how the Brazil president governs.
C．To stress the seriousness of deforestation.
D．To express the anger of environmentalists.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In July，Brazil's National Institute for Space
Research(INPE)showed data to the public，which indicated that there had been a
significant rise in deforestation rates.Particularly，the figures showed that in July
2019，deforestation had increased nearly 300 percent in comparison to the same month
in 2018.”可以推断，对比数据的目的是强调森林被破坏的严重性。
答案：C
13．What does President Bolsonaro do for deforestation?
A．Weaken relevant government agencies.
B．Encourage the fight for commercial gain.
C．Use techniques to clear land for agriculture.
D．Defend regulations about nature reserves.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“During his time in power，Bolsonaro has moved
to rob some power of government agencies that are responsible for protecting the
rainforest as well as regulations covering native lands and nature reserves.”可
知，在 Bolsonaro 执政期间，他削减了负责保护热带雨林以及国有土地和自然保护区相关法
规的政府机构的权力。故选 A 项。
答案：A
14．What are the weather conditions of the Amazon when the fires break out?
A．They're fit for fires to break out naturally.
B．The Amazon experiences the dry season.
C．They're possible for fires to spread everywhere.
D．The Amazon is just in a strong El Niño year.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Now it is the dry season in the Amazon，
which means conditions in many parts of the rainforest are suitable for the fires
to spread over large areas.”可知，B 项“亚马孙地区处于干季”正确。
答案：B
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Jair Bolsonaro's Administration Was Accused
B．Farmers Cleared Amazon Land for Agriculture
C．Unusual Rainforest Fires: Effects on Health and Weather
D．Amazon Fires: Possibly Linked to Environmental Policies
解析：标题归纳题。文章从第二段开始，主要在讲巴西亚马孙热带雨林火灾的原因，矛
头直指巴西总统及政府推动的毁林政策，故亚马孙地区发生火灾可能与环境政策有关，故 D
项作本文标题最佳。
答案：D
熟词生义：Para.3：drag 常用义：v.拖，拉，拽 文章义：n.阻碍，绊脚石
He came to be seen as a drag on his own party's prospects.
他逐渐被看成是阻碍自己的党走向未来的绊脚石。
难句分析：During his time in power，Bolsonaro has moved to rob some power of
government agencies that are responsible for protecting the rainforest as well as
regulations covering native lands and nature reserves.(Para.3)
分析：本句是主从复合句。that are responsible for protecting the rainforest 是
定语从句，修饰先行词 government agencies；as well as 连接两个并列的成分，其中
regulations 后跟现在分词短语 covering native lands and nature reserves 作定语。
译文：在他执政期间，Bolsonaro 削减了负责保护热带雨林以及国有土地和自然保护区相
关法规的政府机构的权力。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
We all know by now that exercise is great for you.But let's be honest，sometimes
finding that motivation to work out can be a little difficult.Here I am going to share
my top reasons for working out.
Exercise can completely change your feeling.When you work out，your body produces
endorphins，which will give you a rush of happiness.__1__Next time you're having a
bad day，try going for a fastpaced run or taking a spinning class，and the day won't
seem so bad after all.
Exercise helps you become sociable.Whenever I move to a new city to study or work，
I look for exercise classes，where you can always meet likeminded people.__2__And
you all share a collective feeling of happiness when the hard class finishes!
__3__We all know the physical effects of exercise on our bodies but we don't always
talk about the mental effect.Exercise might give you belief in yourself from being
comfortable with your body and appearance.This new feeling might even help in your
work or social life.
Exercise makes you feel strong and fit.__4__It's a great feeling doing something
you couldn't do before and knowing it's a result of your hard work.
So，next time you're feeling down，put your trainers on and get sweating.It might
not be easy in the beginning for most people.__5__
A．Exercise makes you feel confident.
B．Exercise helps you reduce stress and anxiety.
C．You can support each other during a difficult workout.
D．You will feel better after a workout than you did before it.
E．You can get to know each other well and make close friends.
F．But I promise you will feel much better once you've finished!
G．Running 30 minutes every day helps you keep healthy and makes you feel a sense
of achievement.
[语篇解读] 众所周知，锻炼对人有益，然而还是有很多人没有动力坚持这件事，本文
讲述锻炼身体在多个方面的益处以激励人们去运动。
1．解析：本段的主题是“锻炼能完全改变你的心情”，因此这段话的内容与心情有关，
依据上一句可知，在锻炼时身体会产生内啡肽(endorphins)，从而能使人感到心情愉悦。所
以 D 项“锻炼之后与之前相比心情更好”符合语境。
答案：D
2．解析：本段的主题是“锻炼有助于社交”，依据上下文中的“where you can always
meet likeminded people”“you all share a collective feeling of happiness when the
hard class finishes”可知，在艰辛的运动课上总是能遇到趣味相投的人，C 项“在艰苦的
健身活动中互相支持”符合语境。该题的干扰项是 E 项，参加课程的目的是健身、锻炼，因
此主要目的不是交朋友。
答案：C
3．解析：依据下文内容尤其是“Exercise might give you belief in yourself from being
comfortable”可知，本段内容主要是锻炼能使人更自信。
答案：A
4．解析：依据本段首句可知，锻炼使你感到强壮、健康，G 项中的“helps you keep
healthy”与之对应；又依据下文的“It's a great feeling doing something you couldn't
do before”可知，做到了从前没有做到的事是一种很棒的感觉，而 G 项中的“makes you feel
a sense of achievement”与之相符。
答案：G
5．解析：空前提到“对大多数人来说，一开始(锻炼)可能不会很容易”，本空作为全文
的结尾句，必然要再次对锻炼的好处或结果等进行陈述，而且跟空前内容还要形成转折关系，
综合分析可知 F 项符合语境。
答案：F
微信/支付宝扫码支付