题型重组练(三)
(限时 30 分钟)
对应学生用书(单独成册)第 146 页
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·福州适应性检测)Your circle of friends may help you get a better reading
on your overall health and wellness rather than just using wearable devices such as
a Fitbit，according to researchers.
The study，published in the journal PLOS ONE，analyzed what the structure of the
social network says about the state of health，happiness and stress.
“We were interested in the topology(拓扑学)of the social network—what my
position within my social network predicts about my health and wellbeing，” said
Nitesh V Chawla，a professor at the University of Notre Dame.
“What we found was that the social network structure provides a significant
improvement in predictability of the wellness state of an individual over just using
the data obtained from wearable devices，like the number of steps or the heart
rate，”Chawla said.
For the study，participants wore a Fitbit to capture health behavior data about
walking，sleeping，the heart rate and the overall activity level.They also completed
surveys and selfassessment of their stress，happiness and positivity.
Chawla and his team then analyzed the data with a machine learning model，alongside
the characteristics of an individual's social network.
The study showed a strong correlation(相关性)between social network structures
and the heart rate，the number of steps and the level of activity.
The social network structure provided a significant improvement in predicting
one's health and wellbeing compared to just looking at health behavior data from
the Fitbit alone.
For example，when the social network structure is combined with the data from
wearable devices，the machine learning model achieved a 65 percent improvement in
predicting happiness.
The model also achieved a 54 percent improvement in predicting one's selfassessed
health prediction，a 55 percent improvement in predicting the positive attitude and
a 38 percent improvement in predicting success.
This study asserts(断言)that without social network information，we only have
an incomplete view of an individual's wellness state.To be fully predictive，it is
critical to be aware of the social network，Chawla said.
[语篇解读] 研究发现，比起仅仅通过设备去掌握自己的健康状况，结合社交网络结构
能让人们更好地了解自己的健康状况。不通过社交网络信息的健康状况评价是不全面的。
1．What did the study find?
A．How people choose their friend circles.
B．What factors decide your friend circles.
C．How your circle of friends influences you.
D．What your circle of friends says about your health.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，研究人员说，朋友圈有助于人们更好地了
解自己的健康状况；再结合第二段的内容可知，D 项正确。
答案：D
2．How did the researchers draw their conclusions?
A．By comparing data.
B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing cause and effect.
D．By describing personal experiences.
解析：推理判断题。倒数第二段和倒数第三段都给出了数据来说明设备结合社交网络结
构能更好地预测人的健康等其他方面。据此可推知，研究人员是通过比较数据的方法得出结
论的，故 A 项正确。
答案：A
3．What does the underlined word “critical” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Easy. B．Common.
C．Important. D．Challenging.
解析：词义猜测题。根据尾段第一句可知，如果没有社交网络信息，我们对人的健康状
况的了解是不全面的；结合语境可知，画线词所在句表示要想充分预测人的健康状况，了解
社交网络是至关重要的。据此可知，C 项正确。
答案：C
4．What do Chawla's words in the last paragraph tell us?
A．How fitness devices can be connected with your circle of friends.
B．That a person's social network is part of his health picture.
C．The best ways to make friends and keep a healthy social circle.
D．That wearable devices are not useful for understanding someone's health.
解析：推理判断题。根据尾段中 Chawla 所说的话可知，要想充分预测人的健康状况，了
解社交网络是至关重要的。据此可推知，个人的社交网络是描述一个人的健康状况的一部分，
故 B 项正确。
答案：B
词汇积累：Para.1：reading n．理解 wellness n．健康 wearable adj.可穿戴的
Para.4：improvement n．改进处 Para.5：selfassessment n．自我评估(或评价) Para.11：
incomplete adj.不完整的，不完全的，不完善的
B
(2020·山西省重点中学联考)In a new study published in the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences，researchers studied ironrich rocks found in Australia，
Namibia，and California to get a window into the environmental conditions during the
ice age.
By examining the chemistry of the iron structure in these rocks，the researchers
were able to work out the approximate amount of oxygen in the oceans around 700 million
years ago and better understand the effects this would have had on all oxygendependent
life in oceans.
“The evidence suggests that although much of the oceans during the deep freeze
would have been impossible to live in due to a lack of oxygen，in areas where the
ice sheet begins to float there is a good supply of meltwater(融水)with oxygen.With
the ice sheet beginning to melt，the air bubbles in it are released into the water，
giving the ocean oxygen.We call this phenomenon a ‘glacial( 冰 川 的 )oxygen
pump’，”says Maxwell Lechte，a researcher in the Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences at McGill University.
Around 700 million years ago，the Earth experienced the most severe ice age of
its history，threatening the survival of most of the planet's life.Previous research
has suggested that oxygen dependent life may have been restricted to meltwater on
the surface of the ice，but this study provides new evidence of the living environments
in oceans.
“The fact that the global freeze occurred before the evolution of complex animals
suggests a link between Snowball Earth and animal evolution.These tough conditions
could have accounted for their diversifying into more complex forms，”says Lechte，
who is also the study's lead author.Lechte also points out that while the findings
focus on the availability of oxygen，primitive eukaryotes(真核细胞)would also have
needed food to survive the severe conditions of the ice age.The researchers plan to
explore how these environments might have kept a food web by looking at today's similar
environments that host complex ecosystems.
[语篇解读] 生命是如何在冰河时期存活下来的？这是一个困扰科学家多年的问题，研
究人员最近有了新发现。
5．How did the researcher know the life in oceans 700 million years ago?
A．By discovering ironrich rocks by chance.
B．By examining the oxygen amount in oceans.
C．By analyzing the found ironrich rocks.
D．By getting a window into more places on Earth.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，研究人员发现了富含铁的岩石，第二段说明研究
人员通过研究岩石中铁结构的化学性质，能计算出大约 7 亿年前海洋中大概的氧气量，并能
了解这对所有依赖氧气的海洋生物产生的影响。由此可知，研究人员研究分析了富含铁的岩
石，才了解了 7 亿年前的海洋生物。故选 C。
答案：C
6．What creates a “glacial oxygen pump” according to Maxwell Lechte?
A．Oxygen in meltwater.
B．Ice sheets floating in the oceans.
C．A lack of oxygen in the ocean.
D．A good supply of air above ice sheets.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“the ice sheet begins to float there is a good
supply of meltwater with oxygen.With the ice sheet beginning to melt，the air bubbles
in it are released into the water，giving the ocean oxygen.We call this phenomenon
a ‘glacial oxygen pump’”可知，“glacial oxygen pump”这种现象是由冰融水中的氧
气引起的，故选 A。
答案：A
7．What might the researchers continue to study in the future?
A．The present food web.
B．Diverse forms of animals.
C．Evolution of complex animals.
D．Modern ice environments.
解析：推理判断题。根据尾段最后一句“The researchers plan to explore how these
environments might have kept a food web by looking at today's similar environments
that host complex ecosystems.”可知，研究人员计划通过研究当今承载着多元生态系统的
相似环境来探索这些环境是如何维持食物链的，similar environments 指的是与上文提到的
severe conditions of the ice age 相似的环境，故可推知，研究人员接下来要研究现代的
冰环境。
答案：D
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．Newly Discovered Ironrich Rocks
B．Life Evidence Found in Melting Ice Sheets
C．Secret of How Animals Survived Ice Age
D．The Importance of Oxygen in the Oceans
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是研究人员通过分析富含铁的岩石，
了解冰河时期的环境条件，知晓在冰河时期生命是如何生存下来的，因此选项 C 正确。
答案：C
难句分析：By examining the chemistry of the iron structure in these rocks，the
researchers were able to work out the approximate amount of oxygen in the oceans around
700 million years ago and better understand the effects this would have had on all
oxygendependent life in oceans.(Para.2)
分析：本句是主从复合句。句子主干是“the researchers were able to work out the
approximate amount of oxygen and better understand the effects”。介词短语“By
examining the chemistry of the iron structure in these rocks”作方式状语。effects
后跟了省略了 that/which 的定语从句“this would have had on all oxygendependent life
in oceans”。
译文：通过研究这些岩石中铁结构的化学性质，研究人员能计算出大约 7 亿年前海洋中
大概的氧气量，并能更好地了解这对所有依赖氧气的海洋生物产生的影响。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·江西省重点高中联考)Celeste Ayala is a police officer.She was on__1__at
the Sister Maria Ludovica Children's Hospital when a very__2__baby was brought in
by social workers，suffering serious lack of nutrition.He kept crying.Ayala，a mother
of a newborn baby herself，asked if she could __3__the baby described as “smelly
and dirty”．With hospital staff's __4__，she hugged and nursed him until he stopped
weeping.Ayala's colleague，Heredia，__5__the whole process then，took a photo of
the__6__act and posted it on the Internet.
“I want to make public this great act you__7__today for the baby who you did
not know，”__8__Heredia's post.“It's beyond the responsibility of an ordinary
officer，but you did it__9__you were his mother.You don't care about the__10__．..”
Ayala said she did not think twice about__11__the baby.“The medical staff was
overloaded and had no time to__12__the little baby.I noticed that he was__13__，
as he kept crying and putting his hand into his mouth.It was a__14__moment.It broke
my soul，so I did that，” said Ayala.
“It fills us with__15__that Celeste Ayala nursed a child who cried __16__，”the
fire department where Ayala works wrote later.Ayala was__17__to captain—as a result
of her selfless act，which was__18__online by Cristian Ritondo，the minister of
security.Ritondo also expressed__19__on the social media，“We wanted to thank you
for your love that managed to__20__the baby's cry.That's the type of police we're
proud of and want.”
[语篇解读] 文章讲述了在医院值班的女警察主动帮助一个瘦弱、严重缺乏营养的陌生
婴儿的暖心故事，女警察的无私行为获得了人们的广泛称赞，也给她带来了晋升的机会。
1．A.approval B．duty
C．leave D．strike
解析：根据语境和第二段中的“It's beyond the responsibility of an ordinary
officer”可知，Ayala 当时在儿童医院里值班。on approval“(商品)不满意包退的”；on
duty“值班，值勤”；on leave“休假”；on strike“罢工”。
答案：B
2．A.thin B．lively
C．disabled D．injured
解析：根据下文的 suffering serious lack of nutrition 可知，这个婴儿严重缺少营
养，会很瘦，故这里填 thin，符合语境。
答案：A
3．A.touch B．bathe
C．adopt D．feed
解析：根据上文的“Ayala，a mother of a newborn baby herself，asked if she could”
和下文的“she hugged and nursed him until he stopped weeping”可知，Ayala 询问她是
否能够给这个婴儿哺乳，得到医务人员的允许后，她开始了行动。故 feed“给(人或动物)食
物，喂养”符合语境。
答案：D
4．A.inspiration B．instruction
C．persuasion D．permission
解析：参见上题解析。inspiration“灵感”；instruction“教导，指导”；persuasion“说
服”；permission“允许，许可，准许”。
答案：D
5．A.trusting B．favoring
C．witnessing D．observing
解析：根据语境可知，Ayala 的同事 Heredia 见证了整个过程，并拍下一张照片。
witness“目击，亲眼看见”符合题意。favor“较喜欢，选择”；observe“观察”。
答案：C
6．A.hard B．fond
C．respectful D．careful
解析：Ayala 给孩子哺乳，这是温暖慈爱的行为。fond“温情的，慈爱的”符合语境。
respectful“有礼貌的，恭敬的”。
答案：B
7．A.arranged B．hid
C．supported D．performed
解析：此处表示 Heredia 发了帖子，想让大家知道 Ayala 做的好事。perform 在此处表示
“做，履行，执行”。arrange“安排，筹划”；hide“隐藏，隐瞒”；support“支持”。
答案：D
8．A.read B．instructed
C．indicated D．responded
解析：“I want to make public this great act you __7__ today for the baby who
you did not know”是 Heredia 在网上发帖时配的文字，故选 A。这里的 read 属于熟词生义
的用法，意为“(指示牌、信上等)写着”。
答案：A
9．A.even though B．unless
C．while D．as if
解析：上文谈到 Ayala 给婴儿哺乳，下文提到“Ayala said she did not think twice”，
因此这里表示她这样做了，仿佛她就是婴儿的母亲。even though“尽管”；unless“除非，
如果不”；while“当……的时候”；as if “好像，仿佛”。
答案：D
10．A.result B．illness
C．smell D．harm
解析：第一段提到 smelly and dirty，所以本空选 C，表示她不介意孩子身上的“难闻
的气味”。
答案：C
11．A.rescuing B．protecting
C．assisting D．checking
解析：根据上文的故事介绍可知，此处表示她并没有多想就帮助了这个婴儿。rescue“解
救，救援”；protect“保护”；assist“协助，帮助”；check“检查，查看”。
答案：C
12．A.attend to B．reflect on
C．look into D．take out
解析：结合上文 Ayala 帮助婴儿以及“The medical staff was overloaded and had no
time to __12__ the little baby.”可推测，医务人员太忙了，因此没有时间照料这个婴儿。
attend to“照料，关怀”；reflect on“认真思考，沉思”；look into“调查，审查”；
take out“带(某人)出去”。
答案：A
13．A.adorable B．energetic
C．hungry D．sick
解析：根据空后提到的原因“as he kept crying and putting his hand into his mouth”
可知，孩子在哭，还将手放在嘴里，这是饥饿的表现，故选 C。adorable“可爱的，讨人喜爱
的”；energetic“精力充沛的，充满活力的”；sick“生病的”。
答案：C
14．A.memorable B．bitter
C．horrible D．challenging
解析：根据上文对婴儿的描述以及下文的“It broke my soul”可知，此处表示那是一
个令人难过的时刻。bitter 表示“带来痛苦的，令人难过的”，符合语境。memorable“难忘
的，值得纪念的”；horrible“可怕的”；challenging“富于挑战性的，困难而有趣的”。
答案：B
15．A.pride B．ambition
C．enthusiasm D．surprise
解析：根据文章末尾的“That's the type of police we're proud of and want.”和
语境可知，他们为她的大爱行为感到“骄傲”。ambition“雄心壮志”；enthusiasm“热情”；
surprise“惊讶”。
答案：A
16．A.slightly B．consequently
C．suddenly D．constantly
解析：根据第一段中的“He kept crying.”和第三段中的“as he kept crying”可知，
婴儿哭个不停。constantly“持续不断地，经常地”符合语境。slightly“略微，稍微”；
consequently“结果，因此，所以”；suddenly“迅速而意外地，突然，突如其来地”。
答案：D
17．A.reported B．promoted
C．introduced D．recommended
解析：根据第二段的“It's beyond the responsibility of an ordinary officer”和
空后的 to captain 可知，因为 Ayala 无私的行为，她从一个普通的警察晋升为队长。
promote“提升，晋升”。
答案：B
18．A.evaluated B．announced
C．demanded D．described
解 析 ： Ayala 晋 升 为 队 长 的 事 情 由 安 全 部 部 长 Cristian Ritondo 在 网 上 宣 布 。
evaluate“评估，评价”；announce“宣布，宣告，公布”；demand“需要，需求”；
describe“描述”。
答案：B
19．A.effort B．desire
C．appreciation D．promise
解析：根据下文的“We wanted to thank you for your love”可知，Cristian Ritondo
在社交媒体上表达了对 Ayala 的感谢。appreciation“感激，感谢”。
答案：C
20．A.calm B．change
C．understand D．reduce
解析：calm“使平静”符合语境。第一段的 until he stopped weeping 是对本题的提示。
答案：A
熟词生义：Para.1：nurse 常用义：n.护士 v.看护，照料(病人或伤者) 文章义：v.喂
奶，哺育
The lioness is still nursing her cubs.
这只母狮还在给她的幼崽喂奶。
fond 常用义：adj.喜爱的 文章义：adj.温情的，慈爱的(只作前置定语)
a fond look/embrace/farewell 慈爱的目光/温情的拥抱/深情的告别
Para.2：read 常用义：v.阅读，读懂 文章义：v.(指示牌、信上等)写着
A sign on the outer door read “No Entry”．
外边的门上有一块牌子写着“禁止入内”。
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