题型重组练(六)
(限时 30 分钟)
对应学生用书(单独成册)第 152 页
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·广州高三阶段检测)Let's begin with the story：King Hiero contracts the
ancient Greek polymath Archimedes(阿基米德)to detect fraud in the manufacture of a
golden crown.Archimedes accepts the challenge and，during a subsequent trip to the
public baths，realizes that the more his body sinks into the water，the more water
is displaced—making the displaced water an exact measure of his volume.Realizing
he has hit upon a method to determine whether the King's crown was made of gold or
silver，the young Greek leaps out of the bath and rushes home naked crying “Eureka！
Eureka！” Or translated：“I've found it！I've found it！”
Too bad，however，Archimedes probably never uttered the word in that way.
First and foremost，Archimedes himself never wrote about this episode，although
he spent plenty of time detailing the laws of buoyancy(浮力)．The oldest authority
on the naked Archimedes eureka story is Vitruvius，a Roman writer，who included the
tale in his introduction to his ninth book of architecture.“Vitruvius may have gotten
it wrong，”says Chris Schmitt，a mathematician and a selfdescribed Archimedes
fan.“The method attributed to Archimedes in the story works in theory so it sounds
right，but when you actually try it，you find that the real world gets in the way.”
In fact，Schmitt is one of a long line of scientists，including Galileo，who have
read the account and thought，“That can't be right.” As Galileo wrote，Archimedes
could have achieved a far more precise result using his own law of buoyancy and an
accurate scale.In fact，the surface tension(表面张力)of water can make the volume
of a light object like a crown immeasurable.“There may be some truth to it，” Schmitt
adds.“Archimedes did measure the volume of things but the eureka moment was maybe
due to his original discovery concerning buoyancy，not about sitting in the bathtub
and then running through the streets naked.”
Much like Newton's apple，the exclamation persists because of the enduring power
of the story ： a golden crown ， a life being in the balance ， a naked
mathematician.The__suspect
_foundations_of_the_eureka_moment_take_nothing_away_from_the_word's_ability_to_u
niquely_and_concisely_convey_the_flash_of_inspiration.
[语篇解读] 阿基米德在浴室中发现浮力定律的故事广为流传，但根据科学家的发现，
该故事应该不是真实的。
1．According to the first paragraph，how would Archimedes measure the volume of
the crown?
A．He would weigh himself with and without the crown.
B．He would weigh the crown first and then put it into water.
C．He would go to the public baths wearing the crown on his head.
D．He would make the crown sink into water and measure the water displaced.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“making the displaced water an exact measure
of his volume”可推知，阿基米德会将王冠沉到水里面，然后通过排水量来测量王冠的体积，
故选 D。
答案：D
2．What did Galileo probably think of the nakedArchimedes eureka story?
A．He believed the word “eureka” was said in another situation.
B．He suspected Archimedes didn't run through the street naked.
C．He doubted Archimedes carried out the experiment independently.
D．He thought Archimedes would not have used the method described.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As Galileo wrote，Archimedes could have achieved
a far more precise result using his own law of buoyancy and an accurate scale.”
可推知，伽利略认为，阿基米德能用其他方法得到一个更为精确的结果，而非浴室故事所描
述的方法，故选 D。
答案：D
3．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?
A．The word “eureka” is still widely used today.
B．The word “eureka” is now a formal scientific term.
C．Most people accept the authenticity of the original story.
D．People are still inspired by the achievements of Archimedes.
解析：推理判断题。根据画线句子的句意“eureka 时刻的不可信的根据丝毫没有减弱这
个词独特、简明地表达灵感闪现的能力”可推知，eureka 这个词直到今天仍被广泛使用，故
选 A。
答案：A
4．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To introduce the famous scientist Archimedes.
B．To examine the credibility of the eureka story.
C．To explain how the word “eureka” was created.
D．To urge people not to use the word “eureka” anymore.
解析：写作目的题。作者在第一段用广为人知的阿基米德在浴室发现浮力定律的故事来
引出话题，第二段接着表明了论点“Archimedes probably never uttered the word in that
way”，第三段和第四段的内容支撑了该论点，最后一段进行了总结，所以 B 项正确。
答案：B
词汇积累：Para.1：polymath n．博学之士 fraud n．诈骗，欺诈 displace v．移动；
转移 hit on/upon sth.突然有个好主意；偶然想到妙点子 Para.3：episode n．(人生的)
一段经历 detail v．详细说明 authority n．专家 attribute sth.to sb.认为是……所
为 Para.4：immeasurable adj.无法计量的 Para.5：exclamation n．感叹词 persist v．持
续存在 suspect adj.不可信的，靠不住的 be/hang in the balance 悬而未决
B
(2020·山西六校检测)In the winter of 1664－1665，the bitter cold fell on London
in the days before 25 December.Above the city，an unusually bright comet(彗星)shot
across the sky，exciting much prediction of a snowstorm.Outside the city wall，a woman's
death was announced and she died of a disease that was spreading in that area.Her
house was locked up.
Following that，the virus that had killed the woman would go on to kill nearly
100，000 people living in and around London—almost a third of those who did not flee.
In The Great Plague(瘟疫): The Story of London's Most Deadly Year，historian
A．Lloyd Moote and microbiologist Dorothy C．Moote provide a deeply informed account
of this plague year.Reading the book，readers are taken from the palaces of the city's
wealthiest citizens to the poor areas where the vast majority of Londoners were living，
and to the surrounding countryside. The Mootes point out that，even at the height
of the plague，the city did not fall into chaos.Doctors and nurses remained in the
city to care for the sick；city officials tried their best to fight the crisis with
all the legal tools；and commerce continued even as businesses shut down.
To describe life and death in and around London，the authors focus on the
experiences of nine individuals.Through their letters and diaries，the Mootes offer
fresh descriptions of key issues in the history of the Great Plague: how different
communities understood and experienced the disease；how medical and government bodies
reacted；how well the social order held together；the economic and moral dilemmas
people faced when debating whether to flee the city；and the nature of the material，
social，and spiritual resources supporting those who remained.Based on humanity(人
性)，the authors offer a masterful portrait of a city and its inhabitants who were
attacked by and daringly resisted unimaginable horror.
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了 The Great Plague: The Story of London's Most Deadly
Year 这本书的主要内容以及作者描述伦敦大瘟疫这个历史事件时所采用的写作方法。
5．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．A comet always follows a storm.
B．London was under an approaching threat.
C．London was prepared for the disease.
D．The woman was the beginning of the disease.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“Outside the city wall，a woman's death was
announced and she died of a disease that was spreading in that area.”并结合语境
可知，当时在伦敦市外，一种致命的疾病正在传播。由此可以推断出，伦敦正面临着一种即
将到来的威胁，故选 B。
答案：B
6．What do the Mootes say about London during the Great Plague?
A．The city remained organized.
B．The plague spared the rich areas.
C．The people tried a lot in vain.
D．The majority fled and thus survived.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The Mootes point out that，even at the height
of the plague，the city did not fall into chaos.”可知，两位作者指出，即使在瘟疫
高峰之时，伦敦市也没有陷入混乱。该段第四句又列举了这个城市保持井然有序的具体体现，
故选 A。
答案：A
7．Why do the Mootes focus on the nine individuals?
A．They were famous people in history.
B．They all managed to survive the plague.
C．They provided vivid stories of humanity.
D．They united by thinking and acting as one.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是最后一句“Based on humanity，the authors
offer a masterful portrait of a city and its inhabitants who were attacked by and
daringly resisted unimaginable horror.”可知，以人性为基础，作者巧妙地描绘了伦敦
市的情况及其居民受到难以想象的恐惧的袭击并勇敢地抵抗这种恐惧的情况，再结合该段第
一句可推知，作者关注这九个人是因为这九个人提供了生动的人性故事，故选 C。
答案：C
8．What's the purpose of this text?
A．To introduce a new book.
B．To correct a misunderstanding.
C．To report a new study.
D．To show respect for the authors.
解析：写作目的题。文章第一和第二段描述了瘟疫爆发时的情景，由此引出了第三和第
四段对“The Great Plague: The Story of London's Most Deadly Year”这本书的介绍。
由此可知，本文的写作目的是介绍一本新书，故选 A。
答案：A
词汇积累：Para.1：unusually adv.特别地，极，非常 excite v．引起；引发 prediction
n．预测 Para.2：flee v．逃避，逃跑 Para.3：account n．描述；叙述；报告 Para.4：
hold together(使)保持团结 dilemma n．(进退两难的)窘境，困境 nature n．种类，类
型 masterful adj.巧妙的 portrait n．描绘
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·宜春 5 月模拟)2yearold Truett Palmer was born in Missouri，with a genetic
disorder and an inborn(先天的)__1__ disease.He has __2__ from more than a dozen
surgeries，including three open heart surgeries and a heart transplant.One thing
Truett __3__ during his most recent hospital stay was weekly visits from a therapy
dog named Zuri.The dog was a Goldendoodle with curly hair and it was just kind of
__4__．Truett has sensory issues and he __5__ anyone touching his feet，but with Zuri，
he would just run his feet through her fur.When Truett was with Zuri，it seemed the
world didn't __6__．
After Truett left the hospital，his mom Danielle began __7__ getting a Goldendoodle
for him，but found the breed(品种)especially __8__．“Financially，going through a
transplant and hospital stay，it wasn't going to work out in our __9__，” she
said.Danielle __10__ Truett's story and dream on Facebook，hoping there would be a
miracle.
In Seattle，Gray，a nursing student，lived alone on several acres surrounded only
by her dogs.One of Gray's beloved dog just had puppies and she'd love to __11__ one
child with special needs a(n)__12__ friend in time for Christmas.When she __13__
Truett's story，she knew he would be the new __14__ of the puppy.“He's got __15__
more than I could possibly imagine. Seeing how strong he is and how positive his family
is about that all.I am deeply moved，” Gray said.
Following a(n)__16__ effort by Gray and the Palmer family to transport Zeda __17__
state lines，the Goldendoodle puppy was in Truett's arms just in time for Christmas
morning.“He was so excited，” Danielle said.“You could just see the __18__ on his
face the moment she's placed on his lap.He's just so happy and __19__ her his
baby.They're just best friends.”
Truett is now on the road to good health and __20__ to his transplanted heart
well.Danielle says she hopes their story will encourage others to consider organ
donation.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。两岁的孩子 Truett Palmer 在心脏移植手术治疗中，
遇到了心爱的小狗。出院后，在他的家人和西雅图学生 Gray 共同的努力下，他真的得到了一
只可爱的小狗作为圣诞礼物，他非常开心。孩子顺利康复中，母亲希望这个感人的故事将会
鼓励更多人考虑器官捐赠。
1．A.lung B．heart
C．kidney D．eye
解析：根据下文细节 three open heart surgeries and a heart transplant 可知答案
为 B。
答案：B
2．A.experienced B．undergone
C．resulted D．suffered
解析：根据该空后的 from 可知选 D；如果空后没有 from，则 A、B 项均正确。
答案：D
3．A.took part in B．turned down
C．looked forward to D．dealt with
解析：该空前的 one thing 是其宾语，在语境中考查定语从句谓语动词与先行词的动宾
搭配，Truett 盼望 Zuri 每周的到来。
答案：C
4．A.different B．patient
C．gentle D．helpful
解析：Zuri 颇为与众不同，后文紧接着解释 Truett 为何独爱它。
答案：A
5．A.dislikes B．enjoys
C．disapproves D．keeps
解析：根据前文“Truett has sensory issues”和后文“but with Zuri，he would just
run his feet through her fur”可知，此处是“不喜欢”。
答案：A
6．A.appear B．exist
C．change D．stop
解析：根据语境，只要 Truett 与 Zuri 在一起，他眼中就没了世界上任何人或物的“存
在”。
答案：B
7．A.planning B．arranging
C．considering D．permitting
解析：A、B 项符合语境，但搭配不对，plan/arrange to do；C 项 consider doing 考虑
做某事；permit doing“允许，使有可能”，不符合上下文语意。
答案：C
8．A.expensive B．affordable
C．economic D．modest
解析：根据下文“Financially，going through a transplant and hospital stay，it
wasn't going to work out in our __9__”可知，这个品种的狗狗尤其“昂贵”，在经济方
面行不通。
答案：A
9．A.schedule B．hospital
C．background D．budget
解析：根据语境，因为前期手术和治疗，买狗在家庭“预算”中已是不可行的了。
答案：D
10．A.reported B．focused
C．posted D．found
解析：Danielle 把孩子的经历和愿望“发送”到了 Facebook，期待奇迹出现。
答案：C
11．A.gift B．sell
C．buy D．meet
解析：gift sb.sth.白送；白给。
答案：A
12．A.novel B．furry
C．old D．certain
解析：根据上文的 one child with special needs 可以推断，此处指送给特殊需要的孩
子一个毛茸茸的好朋友作圣诞礼物。novel 新颖的；与众不同的；珍奇的。
答案：B
13．A.took down B．looked for
C．compared with D．came across
解析：当她在 Facebook“偶然看到”Truett 的故事时……
答案：D
14．A.shelter B．guide
C．owner D．employee
解析：……她就知道 Truett 将会是这只小狗的新主人了。
答案：C
15．A.along B．through
C．away D．down
解析：“他所经历的(痛苦)非我所能想象……”get through 度过，熬过(困难或不快的
时期)；get along 相处，进展；get away 离开，脱身，逃脱，外出度假；get down 下来，吞
下，写下，使沮丧。
答案：B
16．A.worried B．accepted
C．thrilled D．combined
解析：过去分词作定语修饰 effort，西雅图学生 Gray 和 Palmer 一家人“共同”努力，
运送这条小狗穿越了洲际边界线，正好赶上了圣诞节的清晨到了 Truett 怀中。
答案：D
17．A.on B．beneath
C．into D．across
解析：transport sb./sth.across state lines 运送……穿越洲际边界线；beneath 在……
的下方。
答案：D
18．A.shock B．disgust
C．joy D．sorrow
解析：孩子收到这份特别的礼物时是非常“欣喜”的，故选 C。disgust 反感，厌恶。
答案：C
19．A.told B．called
C．explained D．claimed
解析：call sb./sth.sth.(call＋宾语＋宾语补足语)“将小狗称为他的小宝贝”；claim
声称，断言；需要；索取。
答案：B
20．A.adjusting B．devoting
C．referring D．using
解析：adjust to 适应于……；devote sth./oneself to...投身于，致力于；refer to...
说起，谈及；参考，查阅；be used to...适应，习惯于……。
答案：A
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