高考英语二轮复习30分语言知识运用练七课件

30分语言知识运用练 七 限时25分钟 Ⅰ. 完形填空 (2020·淄博三模) As our Earth’s temperature warms up because of climate change, it is having unexpected effects on our world’s forests. When temperatures rise, trees close their skins to 　1　 the loss of water, and this, in turn, slows down the 　2　 of photosynthesis(光合作用). As a result, these trees are shorter and grow slowly, as well as have a 　3　 death rate. Climate change also increases the　4　 of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to 　5　 , and in some cases, the forests are 　6　 permanently. Trees that are stressed are also 　7　 to attacks by bacteria(细菌). In tropical forests, vines that use the trees as 　8　 can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients. Finally, humans have 　9　 the forest landscape through logging. When trees are replanted on the soil, they will never grow as large as the 　10　 trees that were cut down. As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change, 　11　 the variety of those systems. 　12　 , some endangered species are unable to 　13　 and die. Old-growth forests are disappearing in all regions of our world. When forests die, younger forests that are reestablished in the same area grow back weaker and smaller 　14　 poor vegetation. With trees dying increasingly and continuously, will future generations 　15　 out on the wonders of forests? 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于气候变化, 地球温度上升, 这对世界上的森林产生了意想不到的影响。先是温度上升导致树木矮小, 生长 缓慢, 死亡率高; 其次, 气候变化也增加了干旱和野火的可能性, 野火导致了森 林的消失, 因此以森林为“家”的物种被迫发生改变, 甚至死亡。 1. A. protect　 B. prevent　 C. save　 D. free 【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 当温度上升时, 树木会将树皮闭合, 以防止水分流失, 而这反过来又会减慢光合作用的进程。根据后文the loss of water可知, 树木将皮肤闭合是为了阻止水分的流失。故选B。 2. A. movement B. situation C. process D. operation 【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 当温度上升时, 树木会将树皮闭合, 以防止水分流失, 而这反过来又会减慢光合作用的进程。movement活动; situation情况; process进程; operation操作。结合上下文语境, 树木闭合了树皮 来防止水分流失, 这反过来又减缓了光合作用的进程(process)。故选C。 3. A. higher B. firmer C. lighter D. smaller 【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 因此, 这些树更矮, 生长缓慢, 死亡 率也更高。根据上文these trees are shorter and grow slowly可知树木更矮小, 生长缓慢, 所以死亡率也会更高了。故选A。 4. A. choice B. measure C. qualification D. chance 【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 气候变化也增加了干旱和野火的可 能性。根据后文After wildfires可知全球气温升高增加了干旱和野火发生的可 能性。故选D。 5. A. grow B. rescue C. recover D. decline 【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 野火过后, 森林系统需要一段时间 才能恢复, 在某些情况下, 森林会永久无法恢复。结合上文After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to______可知野火焚烧了森林之后, 森林系 统需要时间才能恢复。故选C。 6. A. ignored B. lost C. hurt D. left 【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 野火过后, 森林系统需要一段时间 才能恢复, 在某些情况下, 森林会永久无法恢复。结合上文可知野火焚烧了森 林, 森林需要时间来恢复, 但是某些情况下, 森林也可能不能恢复了。故选B。 7. A. accessible B. enjoyable C. acceptable D. favorable 【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 压力大的树木也容易受到细菌的 攻击。accessible易接近的; enjoyable快乐的; acceptable可接受的; favorable赞 成的。根据后文to attacks by bacteria可知树木也容易受到细菌的攻击。短语 be accessible to“容易进入的, 容易接近的”。故选A。 8. A. attention B. command C. trust D. support 【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 在热带森林中, 以树木为支撑的藤 本植物经常会窒息树木, 并剥夺树木的营养。attention注意力; command命令; trust信任; support支撑, 支持。结合上文vines that use the trees as可知藤本植 物是以树木为支撑的, 故选D。 9. A. frightened B. paid C. ruined D. wasted 【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 最后, 人类通过伐木, 毁坏了森林景 观。结合后文the forest landscape through logging可知人类伐木毁坏了森林景 观。故选C。 10. A. common B. original C. distant D. strong 【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 当树木被重新种植在土壤上时, 它 们永远不会长得像原来被砍伐的树那么大。结合后文trees that were cut down 可知, 此处指的是人们新种植的树木不会长得像原来被砍伐的树那么大了。故 选B。 11. A. affecting B. improving C. forgetting D. reflecting 【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 随着这些森林的消失, 曾经把它们 称为“家”的物种被迫改变, 影响了这些系统的多样性。affecting影响; improving改善; forgetting忘记; reflecting反射。承接上文As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change可知, 森 林的消失改变了这些物种, 也影响了这些物种的多样性。故选A。 12. A. Besides B. Surprisingly C. Otherwise D. Unfortunately 【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 不幸的是, 一些濒危物种无法适应 而死亡。根据后文some endangered species are unable to可知很不幸地, 某些 物种无法适应这些改变, 只能死亡。故选D。 13. A. devote B. keep C. adapt D. lead 【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 不幸的是, 一些濒危物种无法适应 而死亡。根据上文species that once called them “home” are forced to change可 知物种被迫发生改变了, 而某些物种无法适应, 只能死去。故选C。 14. A. due to B. in addition to C. instead of D. in spite of 【解析】选A。考查短语辨析。句意: 当森林死亡时, 在同一地区重新建立的 年轻森林由于植被不良而变得更弱更小。due to因为; in addition to另外; instead of而不是; in spite of尽管。根据后文poor vegetation可知此处指年轻森 林由于(due to)植被不良而变得更弱更小。故选A。 15. A. pass B. miss C. break D. bring 【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 随着树木不断地死亡, 子孙后代会错 过森林的奇迹吗?结合后文out on the wonders of forests可知此处指错过森林的 奇迹。短语miss out“错过”。故选B。 Ⅱ. 语法填空 (2020·三模) 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Today, much of the world’s ocean is still a mystery. Only 5 percent of it 1. ___________ (explore) so far. In fact, we know more about some areas of Mars 2. ___________ some parts of the world’s ocean. New technology, however, is helping scientists explore these 3. ___________ (hide) worlds. For example, scientists are using 4. ___________ underwater vehicle called DeepSea to explore seamounts- underwater mountains. Scientists have used DeepSea to study Las Gemelas, an area of seamounts near Costa Rica. A huge 5. ___________ (vary) of species live around Las Gemelas. Some of these species may have chemicals 6. ___________ can help people fight illnesses. The 7. ___________ (deep) location of the earth is the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. The ocean floor there is approximately 11, 000 meters deep. In 2012, filmmaker and explorer James Cameron reached the Mariana Trench in a vehicle called DeepSea Challenger. He was the first 8. ___________ (complete) the journey alone. Cameron took 9. ___________ (photo) and made videos on the ocean floor. DeepSea exploration also helps us in other ways. For example, we are learning how underwater earthquakes cause tsunamis. As Cameron says, “This is the 10. ___________ (begin) of opening up a new frontier. ” 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。世界上的大部分海洋仍然是个谜, 然而, 新技 术正在帮助科学家探索这些隐藏的世界。文章介绍了科学家对地球上最深的 地方——太平洋的马里亚纳海沟的探索。 1. 【解析】has been explored。考查现在完成时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意: 到目前为止, 只有百分之五的海洋被探索过。句子主语是Only 5 percent of it, 是第三人称单数, 和谓语动词explore之间是被动关系, 再根据so far“到目前为 止”, 可知句子用现在完成时的被动语态, 故填has been explored。 2. 【解析】than。考查连词than。句意: 事实上, 我们对火星某些地区的了解 要比对海洋某些地区的了解还要多。根据more可知此处是比较级, 故填than。 3. 【解析】hidden。考查过去分词作前置定语。句意: 然而, 新技术正在帮助 科学家探索这些隐藏的世界。此处worlds和hide之间是被动关系, 是过去分词 作前置定语, 故填hidden。 4. 【解析】an。考查不定冠词。句意: 例如, 科学家正在使用一种名为“深海” 的水下工具来探索海底山——水下山脉。此处underwater的发音以元音音素 开头, 前面加an表示“一种水下的工具”, 故填an。 5. 【解析】variety。考查固定词组。句意: Las Gemelas周围生活着各种各样 的物种。固定词组: a variety of“各种各样的”。所以此处用名词, 所给词vary 是动词, 其名词形式是variety, 故填variety。 6. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。句意: 其中一些物种可能含有可以帮 助人们对抗疾病的化学物质。此处chemicals是先行词, 指物, 放在后面的定语 从句中作主语, 所以由that/which来引导定语从句。故填that/which。 7. 【解析】deepest。考查形容词最高级。句意: 地球上最深的地方是太平洋的 马里亚纳海沟。马里亚纳海沟是地球上“最深的”地方, 所以这里用形容词最 高级, 故填deepest。 8. 【解析】to complete。考查动词不定式作后置定语。句意: 他是第一个独自 完成旅程的人。固定用法: the first (second. . . )to do sth. “做某事的第一 个……”。此处是动词不定式作后置定语, 故填to complete。 9. 【解析】photos。考查名词复数。句意: 卡梅隆在海底拍摄照片和录像。固 定搭配: take photos“拍照”。此处用名词复数, 故填photos。 10. 【解析】beginning。考查名词。句意: 这是开拓新疆域的开始。分析句子 结构the ___________(begin) of可知the用在名词前面, 故填beginning。