Module5 Grammar & Listening
一、基础知识积累
重点新词必备
score
n. (C) 1．（游戏或比赛中的）得分，比分；（考试中的）分数，成绩
a high/low score 高/低分 keep (the) score 计分
The final score was 4-3.最终的比分是 4:3。
College entrance test scores 大学入学考试分数 a perfect score 满分
2．二十
a score of cars 二十几辆汽车 three score and ten 七十
scores of 大量、许多
v . 1．vt./vi（游戏或比赛中的）得分，（在考试中）得分；vi.（在游戏或比赛中的）记分；
to score a goal/ victory 射门得分；获胜
Arsenal scored in the final minute of the game. 阿森纳队在比赛的最后一分钟进了一球。
She scored 98% in the French test.他法语考了 98 分。
Girls usually score highly in language exams.在语言考试中，女同学通常得高分。
Who’s going to score? 谁来积分呢？
2．vt. 评分，打分数；分值是，得…分
a scoring system 评分系统
The tests are scored by psychologists.测试由心理学家评分。
Each correct answer will score two points.每答对一题得二分。
final
n. 决赛
the finals of a state spelling bee 全国拼字大赛决赛
take one’s finals 参加最后决赛
adj.最后形成或发生的，最后的
the final scence of a film 电影的最后场面
（辨析）final, last
作为形容词，两者都有“最后的”之意。final 着重强调结局和最后定居，不强调进程和次序；
last 指事物中的最后一个，可指时间、空间、顺序上的最后。
We have made the final decision. 我们已做了最后的决定。
I took a seat in the last row. 我坐在了最后一排。
champion
n. 冠军
the champion in table tennis 乒乓球冠军
adj. 得第一名的；一等奖的；冠军的
the champion team 冠军队
championship n. 1. 锦标赛 the World Table Tennis Championships 世界乒乓球锦标赛
2. 冠军地位
All athletes competed for the world championship. 所有运动员为争夺世界冠军而拼搏。
重点语法讲解
状语从句重难点
本模块中我们复习了时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句。下面我们来看看这三种从
句中需要注意的几点。
1. 时间状语从句
1）before / since
“It be + 一段时间 + before ...”结构，在肯定句中常译为“多久之后才……”；在否定句中常译
为“不久之后就……”。如：
It will be three years before he graduates from university.
It was not long before he found another job.
“It is / has been + 一段时间 + since ...”结构中, since 从句的谓语动词多用一般过去时，表示动
作或状态的完成，计时的起点是动作或状态完成的那一时刻。在语义上，从句动词为延续性动词时，
含有否定的意味；从句动词为非延续性动词时，含有肯定的意味。如：
It is 3 years since he were here. （表示“他不在这儿已经 3 年了”）
It is 3 years since he stopped smoking. （表示“他不抽烟已经 3 年了”）
2）when / as / while
表示“当……时”，when 引导的从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可先后发生，从句
中的动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的；as，while 引导的从句强调主句和从句的动作同
时发生，并且从句中的动词通常是延续性的。如：
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
While you were reading the paper, I was working.
As the kids walked home, they sang happily.
注意：当从句表示“随着”时，连词只能用 as。如：
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
3）till / until
两者都表示“一直到……；直到……才”，基本上可以互换，但 till 一般不位于句首。当表示主
句动作延续到某时才停止时，主句用肯定句；当表示主句动作到某时才开始发生时，主句用否定句。
如：
I’ll wait here until / till the result comes out. (wait 这个动作延续到 the result comes out 停止，主句用肯
定句)
I won’t leave here until / till the result comes out. (leave 这个瞬间动作到 the result comes out 才发
生，主句用否定句)
4）whenever
指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。
We shall go there whenever we are free. 什么时间有空，我们就去那里。
5）Immediately +句子，The + 时间名词（minute / moment / instant…）+句子，hardly…when…, no
sooner…than 等引导的时间状语从句。这些结构都可以用作表达“一……就……”。
As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you. 我一到上海就给你写信。
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
= Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
= No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚一到家，就下雨了。
2. 条件状语从句
1）引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if，unless，so / as long as, in case, on condition that, suppose /
supposing, provided that 等。
If it rains tomorrow, the sports meeting will be put off. 如果明天下雨，运动会将推迟举行。
2）only if 意为“只有，只要”，位于句首时句子用倒装结构。如：
Only if you put your heart into your work can you realise your dream.
3.让步状语从句
1） as / though / although
as 引导让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构，常用结构为“形容词、副词、名词（其前不用冠词）、
动词 + as + 主语 + 其他”。
though 比较口语化，为了强调，从句可以倒装； although 比较正式，多用于句首；两者都不
与 but 连用，但可与 still，yet，nevertheless 连用。如：
Young though / as he is, he runs the company successfully.
Though / Although we warned him about the danger of travelling in the forest alone, he went there
without telling us.
2）even if / even though
表示“即使；纵使”，又退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。
I’ll go even of / even though it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨，我也要去。
3）“no matter + 疑问词”或“疑问词 + ever”引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……；无论……”，
后面用陈述句语序。 whether ... or ..., 也可表示让步关系， 意为“不管……还是……”。如：
Whatever (= No matter what) you say, he won’t believe you.
I’ll not have you worry about her whether she’s well or ill.
二、知识巩固性训练
I 单项选择
1. “You can’t have the football back ______ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said
firmly.
A. because B. since C. when D. unless
2. ______ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover.
A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once
3. In time of serious accidents, ______ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.
A. whether B. until C. if D. unless
4. We won’t keep winning games ______ we keep playing well.
A. because B. unless C. when D. while
5. ---Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting? --- He rushed out of the room ______ I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
6. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a tower ______ I heard the
steps.
A. while B. when C. since D. after
7. He was about halfway through his meal ______ a familiar voice came to his ears.
A. why B. where C. when D. while
8. ______ the Olympic flame was lit on the top of Mount Qomolangma on May 8, 2008, the world
cheered.
A. When B. Since C. While D. As
9. ______ I admire David as a poet, I don’t like him.
A. Much as B. Only if C. If only D. As much
10. ______ heavy the snow was, many people still wanted to go home for the Spring Festival.
A. How B. However C. Although D. As
11. John fell asleep ______ he was listening to music.
A. after B. before C. while D. immediately
12. ______ he took part in the competition, he won a gold medal.
A. For the first time B. At a time C. At one time D. The first time
13. ______ he was the last man I wanted to see, I did all I could to help him.
A. As B. Now that C. In case D. Though
14. My mother does almost every single bit of housework ______ my father just does the dishes now and
then.
A. as B. when C. until D. while
15. Scientists say it may be five or six years ______ it is possible to test his medicine on human patients.
A. after B. since C. before D. when
16. ---Have you seen Lisa recently? --- No, It’s twenty years ______ I met her.
A. since B. after C. when D. before
17. ______ the man grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.
A. With B. Until C. Unless D.As
18. --- Dad, I’ve finished my assignment. ---Good, and ______you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb
me.
A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter
19. I shall ring you up ______ you should forget to come.
A. because B. for C. in case D. in order that
20. ______ every word of his were true, what action would the teacher take?
A. Although B. While C. Suppose D. When
II 根据下列句子的汉语意义，使用恰当的介词短语补全句子
1. I really enjoy these famous quotations __________________. (我真的欣赏莎士比亚的这些名句)。
2. -- Who is the girl ___________________？(穿着校服的那女孩是谁？)
-- She is Mary, a friend of mine.
3. He was over six feet tall ___________________. (他身高超过六英尺,长着一双锐利的蓝眼睛。)
4. Fortunately for me, as I was wondering what to do next, there appeared a man __________________,
riding in my direction.
（对我来说幸运的是，正当我不知道下一步该怎么办时，视线中出现了一个骑马的人，正向我走来。）
5. He didn't vote __________________of that party. (他没对那个党的候选人投赞成票。)
III 阅读理解
A
In the rush to get to school, you drop a piece of toast on the floor. Do you throw it away or decide it’s
still OK to eat? If you’re like most people, you eat it. Maybe you follow the “5-second rule”, which claims
foods are safe to eat if you pick them up within 5 seconds after dropping them.
But you might want to think again. Scientists now say that 5 seconds is all it takes for foods to become
polluted with enough bacteria（细菌）to make you sick.
Bacteria can cause many kinds of illnesses. Some kinds of bacteria can grow on food. If you eat foods
on which these bacteria are growing, you can become sick.
One of these food-borne bacteria is Salmonella. It makes 1.4 million people sick every year.
Salmonella is often found in raw eggs and chicken. Cooking kills these bacteria, which is why it is so
important to cook eggs, chicken, and other foods thoroughly.
But how long does it take these bacteria to pollute food? A team of scientists in South Carolina did an
experiment. First, they placed an amount of Salmonella on three surfaces; wood, tile (瓦片), and carpet.
They placed a piece of bread and a piece of bologna（一种大红肠）on each surface for 5, 30, or 60 seconds.
After just 5 seconds, both the bread and the bologna picked up enough bacteria to make you sick.
So, forget the 5-second rule. If your toast drops on the floor, throw it away and get another piece of
clean toast. And this time, be careful not to drop it!
1. In which part of a newspaper can you most probably find this passage?
A. Culture B. Health C. Advertisement D. Technology
2. After dropping a piece of toast, a person who follows the “5-second rule” will .
A. throw away dirty toast immediately and go away
B. pick up the toast as quickly as possible and eat it
C. eat the toast within 5 seconds and feel pleased
D. get another piece of clean toast quickly and eat it
3. The scientists in South Carolina did the experiment to __________ .
A. see how quickly bacteria can pollute food
B. show that the 5-second rule is correct
C. see how harmful bacteria are to people’s health
D. show that bacteria grow at different speeds on different foods
B
It’s really true what people say about English politeness: it’s everywhere. When squeezing past
someone in a narrow aisle, people say “sorry”. When getting off a bus, English passengers say “thank you”
rather than the driver. In Germany, people would never dream of doing these things. After all, squeezing
past others sometimes can’t be avoided, and the bus driver is merely doing his job. I used to think the same
way, without questioning it, until I started travelling to the British Isles and came to appreciate some more
polite ways of communicating with people.
People thank each other everywhere in England, all the time. When people buy something in a shop,
customer and retail assistant in most cases thank each other twice or more. In Germany, it would be
exceptional to hear more than one thank you in such a conversation. British students thank their lecturers
when leaving the room. English employers thank their employees for doing their jobs, as opposed to
Germans, who would normally think that paying their workers money is already enough.
Another thing I observed during my stay was that English people rarely criticize others. Even when I
was working and mistakes were pointed out to me, my employers stressed several times but none of their
explanations were intended as criticism. It has been my impression that by avoiding criticism, English
people are making an effort to make others feel comfortable. This also is shown in other ways. British men
still open doors for women, and British men are more likely to treat women to a meal than German men.
However, I do need to point out here that this applies to English men a bit more than it would to Scottish
men! Yes, the latter are a bit tightfisted.
4. What is the author’s attitude towards English politeness?
A. He thinks it is artificial B. He gives no personal opinion
C. He appreciates it D. He thinks it goes too far.
5. What can we learn about customers and retail assistants in Germany?
A. A customer never says thank you to a retail assistant.
B. It’s always a retail assistant who says thank you.
C. They may say thank you only once.
D. they always say thank you to each other.
6. We can learn from the last paragraph that Scottish men ___________.
A. are more likely to be involved in a fighting.
B. are more polite than English men.
C. treat women in a polite way.
D. are not so willing to spend money for women.
7. The author develops the text through the method of ____________.
A. making comparisons B. telling stories
C. giving comments D. giving reasons
C
Several hundred strangers received “love letters” from a young man on the street. The letter was
written and given out by Yang Yang, a student majoring in human resources at Chongqing University of
Science and Technology，who hoped to show his disappointment with job hunting.
Yang’s story has caught media attention perhaps because it is similar to those of millions of recent
graduates seeking jobs and struggling for survival in the country’s wealthiest cities. They have diplomas,
rather than professional skills，and come to big cities in hopes of better lives, only to find low-paying jobs
and poor living conditions.
They are China’s “ant tribe(蚁族)”, a term created by sociologist Lian Si from Peking University in his
2009 book, Ant Tribe. “They’re so similar to ants. They share small and narrow living areas. They’re
intelligent and hard-working, yet nameless and underpaid.” The term also speaks to their helplessness in a
world governed by the law of the jungle -- only the strongest survive.
A survey in Lian’s another book published this year, Ant Tribe II, found nearly 30 percent of “ants” are
graduates of famous universities—almost three times last year’s percentage. Most had degrees in popular
majors. In addition, 7.2 percent of "ants" have at least a master’s degree compared to 1.6 percent in 2009.
An “ant’s” average monthly salary is l, 904 yuan, with about 64 percent of them earning less than 2,000
yuan a month.
Another survey in the 2010 Annual Report on the Development of Chinese Talent found more than 1
million “ants” live in big cities.
“Most ants are from rural families or small towns, and their experiences in universities didn’t arm them
well enough to fight with competitors in big cities’ employment markets.” Professor Zhang Ming at
Renmin University of China said.
The “ant tribe’s” embarrassing living situations have become a serious social problem, and the
government should develop smaller cities to attract more graduates from big cities, Zhang
believed.
However, “ants” expect more study and training opportunities in big cities, which keeps them positive
despite their situations.
8. Yang’s story is introduced in order to_________.
A. analyze graduates’ difficulties in finding jobs
B. lead to the topic of the article—“ant tribe”
C. tell readers a story about those big cities
D. show a clever way of dealing with pressure
9. The “ants” fail to find high-paying jobs mainly because__________.
A. they have no diplomas from good universities
B. their majors do not meet the needs of society
C. those from rural areas are not treated equally
D. they do not have necessary professional skills
10. “Ant tribe” members are similar to ants in the following aspects EXCEPT that_________.
A. they live in narrow and small places in groups
B. they work hard but earn little for survival
C. they are in a world judged by the jungle law
D. they are pleased with being nameless and underpaid
11. Professor Zhang thought “ants” problems could be solved by__________.
A. creating more jobs for graduates in big cities
B. developing smaller cities to attract graduates
C. sending graduates to rural areas and small towns
D. training graduates to improve their ability
Grammar and Listening 参考答案
I. 单项选择
DDCBA BCAAB CDDDC ADBCC
II. 根据汉语提示，使用恰当的介词短语补全句子
1. from Shakespeare 2. in the school uniform 3. with sharp blue
eyes
4. on horseback 5. for the candidates
III. 阅读理解
BBA CCDA BDDB
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