2021届高考语法填空技巧公开课课件37张

高考真题剖析 考什么? 怎么考? 考查点 卷·文体 年份 无提示词 2020 年 全国卷Ⅰ(说明文) / 1 / / 1 1 全国卷Ⅱ(说明文) 1 1 / / / 1 全国卷Ⅲ(记叙文) 1 / / / 2 / 2019 年 全国卷Ⅰ(说明文) 1 1 / / 1 1 全国卷Ⅱ(记叙文) 1 / / 1 1 / 全国卷Ⅲ(记叙文) / 1 / / 2 / 2018年 全国卷Ⅰ(说明文) / / 1 / 2 / 全国卷Ⅱ(说明文) 1 / / / 2 / 全国卷Ⅲ(记叙文) 1 1 / / 1 / Page 4 unlimited 试题解读 在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10处空白， 部分空白不给提示词，要求考生只填一个词； 部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考 生根据上下文写出所提供单词的正确形式。 解题四步走 提示：四步走归根 到底其实就是寻找 依据．每一个语法 填空的空格里所需 的单词或短语其实 都可以在所在的句 子中或者上下文中 找到它的依据。 解题步骤： 1 理 解 大 意 通 读 全 文 2确 定 词 性 分 析 句 子 3确 定 词 形 根 据 语 义 4前 后 连 贯 检 查 搭 配 纯空题试题 1.Mary began this work four years ago and ____enjoyed it very much. 2.I like this house with a beautiful garden, but I don’t have enough money to buy .it 代词 she • 1) I have a few neighbors, but the neighbors I have are very nice, even though ____ don’t see each other very often • 2) I get nervous every time I watch this. It’s so dangerous and hard for him to balance. He may fall off and hurt _____ (he). we himself • Ex1. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had ____ amazing conversation. • 2. Ａ young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. ____ water was sweet 2.如果空格后是名词或“形容词+名 词”,应填________ 。 an The 限定词 1. I had been listening to the radio and reading __ book. 2. I want to enjoy my work and make lots of money at ___same time. a the 1. I think it’s a good idea ___ you to come back to China. 2. Though she is a girl , she is interested ____ football. for in It be adj./n. for sb to do sth be interested in . 1._____ the help of David, I have made a rapid progress on my major. • 3.当纯空格后的名词、代词或动名 词不是作主语、表语,也不是作谓语 动词的宾语时,要填_____ 。 With 介词 具体填什 么介词,由介词与该名词的搭配及其 意义来决定,也可能是由动词与介词 的句式搭配来决定。 • 1. The young man went home _____ a happy heart. • 2. Nowadays, everyone is used ____ playing smart phones. with to 1. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _____ the bus arrived . • 4.如果纯空格前后都是结构完整 的句子，这时要填______。 until 连词 转折：however，but 因果：therefore，so 并列：and • 1. Do you know the man _____ is speaking to David? 2. In much of Asia, especially China, Japan, Korea _____ Vietnam , food is usually eaten with chopsticks. 4. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ____ he felt very happy since the tree did “grow” higher. who and but Skill 1.简单句或者并列句中缺主语或宾语，一 定填代词。 Skill 2.介词的考查；多数情况下出现在固定 搭配。 Skill 3 .两个主谓之间如果没有分号或句号，很 可能填连词。 Skill 4 .冠词的考查；a/an, the +名词前或者 形容词+名词前。 【二】给词题填空 谓语动词 谓语动词主要考虑时态、语态、 语气、主谓一致等。从历年全国卷来 看，考得最多的是一般现在时和一般 过去时，且只需看看上下文中谓语动 词是用什么时态，跟着用什么时态就 行了，十分简单。 给词题填空 • Ex1. Two years ago ,the young man _________(give) the book to the old man. • Ex2.But now this problem ______ (solve) already. • 1.谓语动词的解题方法: gave has been solved 首先考虑提 示词是否作谓语,如果是就是要考虑它 的时态，语态和人称。 ［2013广东］He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he______ (find) that he had run out of salt. ［分析］在主语人称代词he后作谓语，是 谓语动词；因he与find是主动关系，用主 动语态，由上下文的时态可知，用一般过 去时，故填found。 ［2015课标I］It was raining lightly when I _____(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. ［分析］当我在黄昏之前到达阳朔的时 候，正下着小雨。因前面was raining判 断，此处用arrived。 1)The sun was setting when my car _____ (break) down near a village. 3) Most of my time ______(spend) teaching young children now. broke is spent 非谓语动词 动词是作谓语用的，当动词不是作 谓语时，而是作主语、宾语、定语、状 语、补语时，该动词就要用非谓语形式： to do(即用to+原形), doing(即-ing形式), done(即-ed形式)。 根据三种形式的不同用法，以及非 谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系等来确定 具体用哪种形式。 • 1. ________ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. • 2.非谓语动词的解题方法 : Walking 首先考虑提示词是否做非谓语， 如果是就是要考虑它的逻辑关系 （主动还是被动），进而来确定 它是用现在分词还是过去分词， 还是用不定式。 ［例2］______(build) in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old. ［分析］句中已有谓语动词is，所以build是非谓语 动词作状语；又因the bridge与build是被动关系， 故填Built。 ［2014课标I］But the river wasn't changed in a few days or even a few months. It took years of work_______(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. ［分析］句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.It是 形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，故应填to reduce。 比较等级 当括号中所给的词是形容词或副词， 且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时， 要根据语境，理解句意，若该词意思不 变，逻辑上讲得通，就很可能填该词的 比较级或最高级。 ［2014课标I］Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is______ (clean) than ever. • 1. He was very tired…, but he felt very happy since the tree did “grow” ______ (high) • 2. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love .Nothing could be ______(sweet) higher sweeter • 1. We drank together and talked _____ (merry) till far into the night. • Ex2 This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their ______ (nature) way. 4. 词类转换题(构词法)的解题方法: merrily natural 如果空格处要填的词性与括号中 所给词的词性不同时,就要考虑 构词法（词类转换）。 • 1. Do you know the ______ (deep) of the river? • 3. The little girl is _______ (extreme) eager to know the result of the exam. depth extremely • 【一】 When I left for the United States to study. I had butterflies in my stomach. I was nervous because I was going to__1.__new place with new people and new customs. I couldn’t even understand__2.__(they)language. Everything was different__ 3._ my own country. There was nobody that I could talk to. I just had my husband,_ 4.____was a new person for me, too. a their from who • It was a sad moment when I had to say goodbye to my family and friends. I didn’t want___5.___(leave)my hometown because I __6.__(grow) up there and had wonderful ___7._____(memory) of the place. __ 7._ (think)about all these changes made me nervous and I was__8.__ (worry) about my new life. But studying abroad was a __9.__ (decide) that I made myself. I had to continue and accept the challenge. I looked forward to __10.__(visit) my family in the summer vacation. to leave grew memories thinking worried decision visiting 小结： 技巧：把握全文大意，结合设题 类型，划分句子成份，分析成份。 找复杂句、难句进行结构分析。 • 【二】Paper-cutting is a(n) _____1_____ (tradition) Chinese folk art with a long history. • Paper-cuts ___2___ (use) during festivals to decorate gates and windows. The main cutting tools are simple: paper and scissors or a knife. Clever craftsmen are very good at __3__ (cut) in the theme of daily life. When you look at works created by paper cutting __4__ (careful), you will be amazed by the true-to-life __5__ (express) of the figure’s appearance and thoughts . • Although other art forms, like painting, can show similar scenes, paper-cutting still stands out for its beautiful lines and patterns ___6___are all hand-made. Learning about cutting a piece of paper ___7___ (be) easy but mastering (精通) ___8__ is very difficult. One must hold the knife upright (竖直地) and press on the paper without much strength. Any carelessness will lead ___9__ damage to the whole image. Craftsmen try ____10___ (create) a circle like the moon, a straight line like a stem(干) of wheat, and a square like a brick. They have to be careful and keep practising to make the scenes seem as alive as possible. • 【二】Paper-cutting is a(n) _____1_____ (tradition) Chinese folk art with a long history. • Paper-cuts ___2___ (use) during festivals to decorate gates and windows. The main cutting tools are simple: paper and scissors or a knife. Clever craftsmen are very good at __3__ (cut) in the theme of daily life. When you look at works created by paper cutting __4__ (careful), you will be amazed by the true-to-life __5__ (express) of the figure’s appearance and thoughts . traditional are used cutting carefully expression • Although other art forms, like painting, can show similar scenes, paper-cutting still stands out for its beautiful lines and patterns ___6___are all hand-made. Learning about cutting a piece of paper ___7___ (be) easy but mastering (精通) ___8__ is very difficult. One must hold the knife upright (竖直地) and press on the paper without much strength. Any carelessness will lead ___9__ damage to the whole image. Craftsmen try ____10___ (create) a circle like the moon, a straight line like a stem(干) of wheat, and a square like a brick. They have to be careful and keep practising to make the scenes seem as alive as possible. which is it to to create Page 36 unlimited A young couple moved into a new neighborhood. The next morning, they 56.__________ (eat) breakfast, when the young wife saw her neighbor hang the wash outside. “That laundry is not very clean,” she said to her husband. “The neighbor doesn't know how to wash correctly. Perhaps she needs 57.______ (good) laundry soap.” Her husband looked on, but remained 58.______ (silence). Every time her neighbor hung her wash 59._____ (dry), the young woman would make 60.____ same comments. About one month 61.____ (late), the young woman was surprised to see a nice clean wash on her neighbor's line and said to her husband, “Look! She has learned how to wash correctly. I wonder 62._____ taught her this?” were eating better silent to dry the later who Page 37 unlimited The husband said, “I got up early this morning and cleaned our windows!” Can you see how it might be a good idea to check first to see if your windows are clean? What we see when 63._________ (watch) others depends on the purity of the windows through 64.______ we look. Before we give any criticism, it might be a good idea to check our state of mind and ask 65._________ (we) if we are ready to see the good rather than just look for something wrong in the people we met. watching which ourselve s