译林牛津版高三英语Unit4Publictransport话题语言应用——公共交通(知识梳理)

Unit 4 Public transport 话题语言应用——公共交通 语言积累 交际用语 弄清不同的信息（Finding out different information） Could you please tell me how I can get to...? 您能告诉我怎样能到达……？ Which is the fastest train? 哪一列火车最快？ Could you please tell me what time the train to ... leaves/ arrives? 您能告诉我去……的火车什么时候离开/到达? How long does it take to get to ... on that train? 乘那列火车去……要花多长时间？ How much does it cost to buy a hard sleeper ticket? 一张硬卧票要花多少钱？ How many times do I need to change trains? 我需要换乘几次呢？ 话题语句（1） The different means of transport (不同的交通工具) bus/minibus 公共汽车/小型公共汽车 coach 长途客运汽车 maglev train 磁悬浮列车 underground/ subway/ metro 地铁 light railway 轻轨铁路 high-speed train 高速列车 taxi 出租车 motorbike 摩托车 bicycle 自行车 car 轿车 lorry 运货汽车，卡车 aeroplane 飞机 helicopter 直升机 ship 轮船 ferry 轮渡 motorboat 摩托艇 automobile 汽车 People and things on the road (路上的人和事物) pedestrian 行人 cyclist 骑自行车的人 vehicle 交通工具，车辆 traffic jam 交通堵塞 traffic lights 交通灯 pavement 人行道 violate the law 违反法律 consume alcoholic drink 喝酒 be fined 罚款 About different means of transport (有关不同的交通工具)  In the 19th century, steam trains helped transport people all over the world.  Buses have routes. They pick up and drop off people at different places on the route. It is a popular means of transport within a city.  Ships were a popular way to travel from place to place in the 20th century.  Coaches are buses that carry people over long distances.  In the 19th century, roads became crowded in cities and so underground trains became popular.  Aeroplanes are used to travel quickly over long distances.  The maglev train is a new form of transport. It is powered by magnets. 话题语句（2） 1. What is the difference between a bus and a coach? The main difference between the two is that a bus often travels on a fixed route while a coach is the means of transport for people who travel to a relatively faraway place. Both of them look very similar, but in most cases a coach is designed for long-distance travellers, so you won’t be surprised to find a coach equipped with air conditioning, seats with cushions and DVD players. In contrast, a bus appears very plain. 2. Why do you think people would choose to travel by aeroplane rather than by ship? There are two reasons. First, air travel is quicker. Businessmen who value time regularly travel by aeroplane because of its speed. Second, travelling by plane is more comfortable than by ship. With the improvement of technology, many airline companies offer excellent services at a reasonable price. 3. Why do you think we need all these different types of transport? Different types of transport can meet different customers’ needs. Each type of transport has its own strengths and limitations. 4. What do you have to consider before you decide which means of transport you will use? distance 距离 speed 速度 cost 花费 comfort 舒适 safety 安全 time 时间 convenience 便利 weather 天气 5. Transport and Weather  Weather conditions have a strong influence on transport. It is very important that drivers are aware of weather conditions such as wind, rain or a typhoon.  Ship captains need to know about wave conditions.  Airplane pilots want to know about the condition of the atmosphere.  Automobile drivers and railroad engineers have to know if rain or snow is going to fall.  Without correct, timely weather information, transportation equipment cannot be safely operated. That’s why operators of such equipment and passengers may pay very close attention to weather reports. Advantages and disadvantages of the popular means of transport Buses or coaches: Advantages: cheap and convenient Disadvantages: Easily trapped in traffic jams; causing pollution Not so comfortable during peak hours because they are usually very crowded Underground train Advantages: extremely fast and convenient; comfortable; fewer traffic accidents Disadvantages: expensive to build The maglev train Advantages: extremely fast and convenient Disadvantages: very expensive to build Ships Advantages: comfortable Disadvantages: not comfortable for those who are seasick; relatively slow The safety of the trip would be affected by storms. Aeroplanes Advantages: fast/convenient; relatively the safest way of travel Disadvantages: relatively expensive 话题语句（3） 交通事故与道路安全（Traffic Accident and Road Safety） 1. 现状 Traffic accidents cause many deaths and injuries every year, so we must learn how to protect ourselves from danger on the roads. 2. 交通事故的导因  What might cause the accidents? The drivers don’t pay attention. The drivers have consumed alcoholic drinks. The pedestrians ignore the traffic lights The pedestrians cross the road in the wrong way  Chief causes of road accidents related to cyclists Cyclists not paying attention Riding bicycles on the pavement Cyclists carrying a passenger Bicycles without lights Bicycles in need of repair  We should increase people’s awareness of the problem because it has become quite extreme.  All the people should be aware of the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them.  The major (主要的) causes of road accidents involving vehicles such as cars and lorries and what drivers should do.  The chief (最重要的) causes of road accidents involving cyclists and pedestrians and what they should do. 3. 防止交通事故  All road users have responsibilities to avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.  Drivers must be forbidden to use the mobile phones while driving, because the drivers who are speaking on the phones are often not concentrating.  In order to prevent accidents, drivers should— pay attention to the surrounding traffic be patient in a traffic jam not speak on a mobile phone not drink alcohol not drive too fast 4. 其它  In Hong Kong, vehicles should keep to the left. Right: China, America, Canada, etc. Left: England, Japan, Australia, etc.  After arriving, we should get off a taxi from the right door in China. 话题语句（4） 有用的句子-----试试你会了吗？ 1. 这使得(地铁)系统对乘客来说更加方便使用。 This helped make the system __________. 2. 最后一条新建的路线叫朱比利线，是于 1979 年为纪念伊丽莎白女王登基 25 周年而修建 的。 The last line added was the Jubilee Line, which was opened _________ the twenty-fifth _______ of Elizabeth II ________ the queen. 3. 请光临我们的售票处，选择购买一张允许你乘坐伦敦地铁系统所有地铁线的乘车卡。 Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that ______ _______ the underground system. 4. 另一个问题是有十几条线路，这些线路都没有连接在一起。 Another problem was that there were _______ different lines, _________. 5. 他们这样做希望人们注意到汽车所产生的有毒烟雾和气体所带来的问题。 They have done so _________ people will _________ the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars. 6. 我认为我可以过一个轻松的周末来弥补我所付出的努力了，…… Then I thought I could have a relaxing weekend to _________ all my hard work，.... 7. 除了有驶往威海和烟台港口定时的快速渡轮外，还有驶往上海……的慢速渡轮。 _________ the frequent fast ferries to ports in Weihai and Yantai，there are slower ferries to Shanghai… 8. 但是你需要提前预订。 …but you need _________ _________. 9. 这些都非常危险因为它们会导致撞车。 These are both very dangerous because they can ________ ________. 10. 在同一时间不可能让很多学生参观。 It’s not possible for more than ________ students to visit ________. 参考答案： 1. more user-friendly (用户友好的，方便使用的) 2. in honour of; anniversary; becoming (介词 of 后的宾语，用动词-ing 形式，Elizabeth II 是动 词-ing 形式的逻辑主语，也可以用所有格形式) 3. permit you to travel；all over 4. a dozen; which were not linked 5. in the hope that; take notice of 6. make up for 7. In addition to 8. to make reservations（预订）; in advance（提前） 9. result in; crashes (碰撞) 10. a handful of (一小把，少量的)；at the same time 写作运用 议论文 议论文是一种通过议论来表达自己的观点、立场和看法的文体。议论文有三要素，即 论点、论据和论证。议论文的结构一般包括以下三部分： 1．开头提出议题，即提出论点。议题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水，并且开头句 多是主题句。 2．议论时要有充分的论据，作者可以列举事实、展示数据、提供事例、借助常识或利 用亲身经历来论证议题。正文部分是写作的重点，论证方法可用归纳法、推理法、比较法等。 3．在结论部分发表作者自己的观点。 写作时应注意： 1．议论文的一般结构方式是：提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。 2．英语议论文时态较为统一，多用现在时；强调语言表达的客观性；尽可能指明信息 来源等。 3．常用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和情态动词 can, could, may, might, would, should 等。 4．常用 although, though, in spite of (尽管), despite (尽管), however, on the other hand, also, moreover (再者), finally 等过渡词。 常用句型 1．表示顺序：First/Firstly, Second/Secondly, Then, Next, After that, Afterwards, Last / Lastly/ Finally ... 2．Some people believe/argue/recognize/think that ... 3．Everyone knows that ... 4．It seems obvious to me that ... 5．People hold different views/ideas about ... 6．As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea ... 7．给出结论：In my opinion/view, as far as I know, in conclusion, in short, at last, in other words ... 写作范文 Example 1 假如你是李华，近期你们全家准备乘火车由上海去大连看望你的叔叔。请根据以下提示 写一封电子邮件告诉你叔叔乘坐火车的理由。 交通方式 优点 缺点 轮船 港口城市乘船方便 旅游旺季时慢,且不准点, 耗时；爸爸不喜欢 飞机 舒适,快捷 机场在郊区,交通不便；票价昂贵；妈妈害怕乘 坐飞机 长途汽车 窗外有许多可以欣赏的景物 慢,耗费时间,旅途易疲劳 火车 已提速,有更多班次可供选择 旅游旺季时较拥挤,有时会晚点 1．短文应包括所提供的所有内容，也可以适当发挥，同时做到表达正确流畅。 2．词数：150 词左右。 参考范文： Dear Uncle, We’ve decided to go to Dalian by train after comparing different means of transport. Dalian is a port city and it is convenient to get there by ship, but the problem is that during the peak travel season the slow ships are not very punctual, and my father does not like ships. If we go there by air, it is fast and comfortable, but the airport is far away from the city center, so it is not easy to get to, and the air tickets would be very expensive. Besides, Mum is afraid of flying. We cannot go by coach either, though we can enjoy beautiful scenery through the windows. The long journey will make us very tired. Trains can be crowded and sometimes late during the peak travel season, but there are several to choose from leaving at different times, and the speeding-up trains will make our journey fast and comfortable. Concerning the matters above, we have decided to take trains. Please meet us at the station. Best wishes. Li Hua Example 2 假如你叫李华，你从网络上了解到最近交通事故频频发生，造成事故的主要原因为酒后 驾车。请你写一篇短文，发帖到网上，奉劝司机朋友要珍爱生命、切莫酒后驾车。词数 110 左右。 参考词汇：drunk driving 酒后驾车，for the sake of 为了 参考范文： Recently I have learned from the Internet that traffic accidents happened frequently, which mainly resulted from drunk driving. Many drivers think they have the luck to avoid accidents. As a matter of fact, no one can afford to risk their lives driving after drinking. Drunk driving will not only threaten the lives of the drivers as well as other people, but also make their family suffer from anxiety caused by it. In addition, drunk driving is against the law and more and more people are punished for it. In a word, for the sake of the safety of all people and the happiness of your family, please don’t drive after drinking. Example 3 某英文报社正在进行题为“居住在城市的利与弊”的有关征文。请根据下面提示，给该报 社写一篇征文。词数为 100 左右。 利 弊 找工作容易，购物方便 生活消费高 交通便利 人口多，拥挤 有公园、饭店等休闲场所 空气污染严重、居住环境差 参考范文： Advantages and Disadvantages of Living in a City Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages. For example, there are much more job opportunities, and with many choices of public transport available, it’s more convenient to travel. Besides, there are a lot of places for entertainment. You can eat in good restaurants, visit museums, watch movies and go to parks whenever you want to relax. However, living in a city is often very expensive. You must find a well-paid job, or you will not be able to afford the expenses. What’s more, the city is always crowded, noisy and dirty. It is very difficult to find a good place where people can enjoy peace and fresh air as in the countryside. 话题作文范文 下面的表格提供了一次交通事故的情况，请以 A Traffic Accident 为标题写一篇报道。词 数不少于 150。 时间 上星期天上午 9:30 地点 新华路第二个十字路口 发生的事 一位老太太被一位年轻人骑自行车撞到，受伤严重 事故原因 年轻人闯红灯 结果 有人打电话给急救中心，不久救护车赶到，把老太太送去医院 事故给你 的启示 参考词汇：救护车 ambulance；急救中心 First Aid Centre 参考范文： A Traffic Accident Last Sunday, an unexpected traffic accident happened to an old lady. It was 9：30 a．m. An old lady was knocked down by a young man riding a bike when she was walking across the street on the second crossing of Xinhua Street. The lady was badly hurt and unconscious. The police was called and the lady was sent to hospital by an ambulance. After inquiry, the police proved that it was the young man’s fault because he didn’t stop his bike when the traffic lights were red. From the accident, I realize that the traffic safety is worthy of enough attention. We can’t be too careful when using the roads.