2021届高考英语二轮复习06：疫情词汇+六选四+翻译（学案+答案）

疫情词汇+六选四+翻译 学习目标：1.掌握热点词；2. 学习 6 选 4 文章的分析与阅读，掌握相应的解题技巧； 引入： P 开头 1 In the literature class, our teacher asked us to __ all the words in the poem that suggest homesickness. A. hold out B. pick out C. put out D. give out 2. The train moved slowly from the station, but ____ speed as it reached the open country. A. picked up B. made up C. put up D. looked up 3. Put away your clothes hanging outside. As you know, dark clouds ____ heavy rain. A. support B. invite C. promise D. present 4. One reason for her ____ for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A. reference B. preference C. performance D. consequence 5. 2013 will still be a difficult year for some people, ____ those facing the continuing effects of the bad economy. A. on condition that B. in particular C. on purpose D. in addition 6. Economic growth in the world remains weak throughout 2012 and it is hoped that it will ____ gradually in 2013. A. pick up B. break up C. work out D. make out 7. As a good teacher, he should use different ways to encourage all children to realize their full ____ and achieve their goals. A. possibility B. conception C. potential D. difference 8. David Beckham was reportedly _____ investing in his friend Gordon Ramsay's latest restaurant, just weeks before it opens, because they both want different things. A. pulled out of B. kept up with C. got down to D. come up with 9 34. The Smiths are praised _______ the way they bring up their children. A. from B. by C. at D. for 10 —The town is so beautiful! I just love it. —Me too. The character of the town is well _____. A. qualified B. preserved C. decorated D. simplified 1-5 BACBB 6-10 ACADB Q 开头 It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is another to play it well yourself. A. quite B. very C. rather D. much 1-5 A R 开头 1 --What do you think of Peter Wilson? --In my opinion, he is clever, fast, responsible and therefore ___. A. modest B. impatient C. aggressive D. reliable 2. I really love this place. There is so much you can do here for _____. A. recreation B. immigration C. decoration D. association 3. ---Why did you say that yesterday? ---It was just a casual ____. I didn't mean anything by it. A. remark B. judgment C. statement D. discussion 4. I wish I could do something ____ for the kindness I have received from him. A. in particular B. in turn C. in vain D. in return 5. Why didn't you ask for help, ___ trying to do it on your own? A. in case of B. far from c. in exchange for D. rather than 6. Dressing is a task which we do every day as a matter of _____ especially for ladies who spend more time on it. A. custom B. schedule C. routine D. privilege 7. It is believed that the literature of a nation ____ its culture and morals. A. reflects B. reforms C. responds D. recalls 8. An earthquake caused panic in Liaoning Province on Wednesday, but experts ____ the possibility of a big quake in the region. A. left out B. turned out C. put out D. ruled out 9. ---The cars give off a great deal of waste of gas in the streets. ---Yes. But I'm sure something will be done to ____ air pollution. A. reduce B. remove C. collect D. warn 10. It was said that the government would consider lifting a _____ on immigration from other countries into the States, which launched a heated debate on the issue. A. tournament B. reservation C. restriction D. negotiation 1-5 DAADD 6-10 CADAC 疫情其他语汇 127.全球公共卫生安全 global public health security 128.山川异域，风月同天 While mountains and rivers separate us, we enjoy the same moonlight under the same sky. 或 miles apart but close at heart 129.岂曰无衣，与子同裳 Fear not the want of armor, for mine is also yours to wear. 或 Together we stand, my armors thine. 130.疫情无国界，人间有真情 Virus knows no borders, but the worst of times reveals the best in people. 131.投我以木桃，报之以琼瑶 You throw a peach to me, I give you a white jade for friendship. 或 You toss me a peach, I give you a white jade in return. 132.旅行限制 travel restriction 133.贸易禁令 trade restriction 134.“钻石公主”号邮轮 Diamond Princess cruise ship 【知识梳理】 1．6 选 4 的解题指导： 此类题型的一般解题步骤是：读题干并确定关键词（中心词)——回到原文中定位关键 词——分析定位句——分析题干——确定答案。具体的解题技巧如下： （1）用“打包”方法对付乱序 把整组题全部一次性吃透，然后回到原文从头到尾定位。否则，考生如果按顺序逐题解答， 时间会严重不足。首先，先略读文章，获取文章大意，并提炼所读段落的核心意思（英文关 键词）。 其次，浏览 6 个题干，划出每个题干句子的核心词(注意可能并非是定位词），初步 判断该题干与所 读段落是否匹配。最后，划出剩下未匹配题干的核心词，并与剩下的文章 交替阅读，直至做完。 （2）“吃透”题干，准确判断关键词（中心词）至关重要 如果没吃透题干，就无法准确判断关键词或中心词，就可能对原文中的重要信息没感觉。一 般来说，题干关键词或中心词为实词以及一些数字、专有名词等。语句核心词提炼是英文阅 读的 必备技能之一，是提高阅读效率的必经途径。要想获得该能力，需要考生在明了基本 原理的基础 上，配以大量练习方可，但这一能力确实值得考生花大力气训练。 （3）在解题的先后顺序上，采用先易后难的策略 采用由易到难的解题策略，可以提升考生的解题信心。对于那些答题线索较少的题干细节信 息，考生可留在最后再解答。在解答这类较难的题目时，考生可快速阅读原文中仍未选过的 段落的主题句（通常为第一句、第二句或最后一句），之后根据段落大意与题干中的细节信 息进行匹配。 2．6 选 4 的特点： （1）题干中的细节往往反映文章的主旨或段落主题，考生可据此了解原文内容。通过快速 阅读题干中的若干条细节信息，考生可以迅速了解文章的主旨大意，从而能够在回头阅读原 文时加快阅读速度，节省定位时间。 （2）题干提供的细节信息中往往暗含一些文章所必需的逻辑关系，考生可以利用这种关系 预先对一些表述进行排序。长篇阅读的文章一般为说明文或议论文，而这类文章最显著的特 点就是具有严密的逻辑性。所以，在介绍一个新事物时，文章通常会采用循序渐进、前因后 果的方法来叙述，而根据这种逻辑进行解题之前的预先排序对于解答此类题型有着非常重要 的意义。 （3）题干提供的信息表述中通常会出现一些具有特殊意义的指示性词语，这类词语虽然不 是通常意义上的定位关键词，但其特殊含义可将考生的注意力指向原文的开头、结尾或是某 个具: 特殊特征的段落。这些词通常包括如下三类： ①能够指示开头段的词，如：overview，introduction, initiation, main idea, definition 等； ②能够指示结尾段的词，如 future，solution, conclusion, suggestion, summary 等； ③能够帮助考生回原文定位的特殊词，如 rate，ratio, proportion, percentage, number, figure, statistics 等。考生能够通过这些指示性词语缩小回原文定位的范围，从而快速判定其所在细 节信息对应的原文段落。 3．细节类题型解题技巧： （1）词汇复现法 复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同 一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主 要是指主要是指同词（同源词）复现、同（近）义词复现、反义词复现等。 （2）词汇同现法 词汇同现是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语义衔接 的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中 词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。 （3）代词线索法 英语表达中，代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是用来指代前面面提及的名词或句子。 （4）逻辑关系线索法 并列与递进关系：and, also, further, moreover, what’s more, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also, firstly, secondly, thirdly…等； 因果关系：so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等； 转折与让步关系：however, nevertheless, though, yet, in spite of, on the contrary, otherwise, while, rather than, even if, despite, fortunately 等。 4．解题技巧: （1）速读全文，关注每段首尾句，了解大意和主题 （2）浏览选项，理解全篇逻辑关系,找出关键词 （3）运用上下文所重复的关键词推断 （4）利用同义词、近义词、反义词关系 （5）利用同一范畴或领域的词的关系 （6）利用代词、冠词的暗示 （7）理清结构与逻辑关系，确定答案 5．解题步骤： （1）看标题、副标题预测文章大意 （2）看选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词 （3）通读全文，查看主题句，分析结构 （4）看空前空后内容，分析之间的逻辑性 （5）灵活掌握答题顺序(先易后难) （6）代入答案，重点核查逻辑关系。 【例题精讲】 例 A. Many are self-sufficient, not just providing their own electricity, water and sewage systems, but in all aspects. B. After you use the toilet, you flush it and the waste disappears. C. This shift from individual to group off-gridding reflects the fact that the trend is growing noticeably. D. They live in a huge variety of types of accommodation. E. Living off-grid still has a long way to go before it becomes a mainstream way of living. F. Rather than building permanent homes, vans or mobile homes or even old shipping containers are other options. Living off grid When you need electricity, you just plug in the machine and switch it on. If you need water, you turn on the tap. (1)______ For many people, these facilities are the basics of civilized society and the idea of living without them seems risky. Yet for a growing number of people, the idea of living off grid—without electricity, water or sewage—is an increasingly attractive lifestyle. Off-gridders do not have to give up electricity or a modern lifestyle—some choose to, but most use small hydroelectric power systems, solar panels or windmills to generate enough power for their needs. Heating and cooking needs are met by solar energy or wood burning systems, and toilet facilities range from non-water toilets to outside compost toilets. (2)______ It ranges from traditional yurts（a type of tent）to luxury house with high-speed internet and central heating. Whether they live in simple homes or luxury houses, what they all have in common is that their lifestyles do not create any pollution or carbon emissions—the ultimate goal for off-gridders. Around 100,000 people are thought to be living off grid in the UK now. (3) ______ They grow their own food, home-school their children and provide their own medical care. They are people who have been priced out of the housing market or who have grown disillusioned with what modern society can offer and who decides that an alternative lifestyle isn’t a pipe dream, but a viable option. A part from living an alternative lifestyle, cost is a big factor in choosing to live off-grid. Off-grid houses are far cheaper to build than ordinary homes since they don’t need to be connected to the electricity or water supplies and even road access is not necessary. Materials tend to be cheaper, too. Popular options include straw or old tyres and cement. Surprisingly, the biggest problem off-gridders face is not building their homes or becoming self-sufficient but getting permission to build. Rural areas away from town are the perfect choice but these are often protected by law from construction of any kind or have building restrictions. There are now several websites dedicated to land-sharing so that the costs of buying land and getting permission can be shared, and there are increasing numbers of off-grid communities. (4)______ Off-gridding could soon be common all over Europe and America. 【答案】BDAC 【巩固练习】 1．A. Some workers need their duties and hours to be supervised. B. These temporary workers cannot be categorized into gig workers. C. But the phrase has now evolved to describe different methods of short-term work. D. They hoped that “permanent” hiring would return as the overall economy recovered. E. Most of the gig workers treasure the golden opportunity and regard it as a lifetime job. F. As employers slice and `dice at their `payrolls, some even `outsource entire departments to third-party providers. A generation ago in the US, if you heard a friend talking about having a `gig, chances were that your friend was a musician.(1) Self-employment, contract or freelance work, temporary jobs ? just about anything that isn’t full-time ? can be described as a gig. The rise of the gig economy came along with the evolution of on-demand or “as-needed” hiring. Digital ordering, stock management, sales and expenses programs have made large teams of full-time staff a thing of the past, with some companies taking on temporary workers as and when they need them.(2) For a while, the gig trend was seen as a temporary response to the Great Recession. Victims of downsizing took on as-needed jobs or tried to make a go of entrepreneurship because that was their only option.(3) However, this did not happen on the scale they hoped. This shift means that driving for ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft has become one of the most common new jobs in the US. And surveys find that many gig-economy workers are happy with their new roles, with the hourly pay maybe even better than what they earned as “permanent” employees. They may enjoy work-hour flexibility that’s perfect for their family or education needs. They said, however, self-employment isn’t for everyone.(4) they’re not self-starters or can’t identify gig opportunities and follow them through. Gigs are also not likely to provide traditional benefits such as `subsidized healthcare insurance, and aren’t likely to come with retirement plans, although this may not be an issue for those with a well-developed financial discipline. Yes, the `inconsistency of gigs can be scary. But, really, who doesn’t like an adventure? 【答案】 CFDA A. However, EVAs don’t just happen in empty space. B. .It sticks to everything, eventually causing joints and seals to fail. C. .Spacesuits also have to maintain ideal air pressure during a spacewalk. D. Unfortunately, most people have no idea about space exploration or spacesuits. E. .Without the ability to work in space, we are unable to keep our space programs functional. F. There are a few things that must be taken into account to make an EVA both safe and effective. 2．Spacewalk! Most people don't know that the anniversary of an important event in space exploration occurred last month. On March 18, 1965, spaceman AIeksi Leonov became the first human to complete an Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) or spacewalk. It marked the first time that a human was able to leave a spacecraft and operate in the emptiness of space. It is a dangerous procedure, but one that is vital for the success of manned space missions. (1) In space, a spacesuit must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide.(2) Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft. Astronauts now perform complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits. They have logged many hours repairing and upgrading equipment on satellites during EVAs. (3) . On July 20th, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there is gravity — about 17 percent of Earth’s, which means Neil needed a special suit for walking on the moon's surface. Suits for the moon are equipped for exploration' boots far from any vehicles, including tough boots that can resist cuts from the rough surface while walking. But sharp rocks weren’t the only danger to astronauts. The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles ( 颗 粒 ) left over from the numerous meteorite( 陨 石 ) strikes on the moon. (4) When astronauts would leave the moon's gravity, the dust on their suits began floating all over. It got into delicate equipment inside the spacecraft and the astronaut's eyes and lungs. As different space agencies plan for returning people to the moon, new EVA suit designs will have to take something else into account. Keeping astronauts safe also means keeping their suits clean. 【答案】FCAB 课堂训练： A. Holding a university degree indicates one’s ability to write properly worded documents. B. B. If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it's worth, then you are an intelligent person. C. C. N.B.D. refers to an illness that causes a person to suffer from anxiety and to have difficulty living and working as usual. D. D. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. E. E. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives. F. F. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self fulfillment. True intelligence Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels; and to resolve abstract equations quickly. （1）________ It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form. of school discipline is "intelligent. " Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day. (2)________ Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N. B.D. --Nervous Break Down. "Intelligent" people do not have N. B. D. 's because they are in charge of themselves. (3)_______ You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. (4)________ But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N, B. D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don't measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare. 【答案】FBED A. For example, drug is closely related with crime, automobile accidents. B. B. Teachers and many citizens work together to teach children about the danger of drug use. C. C. Especially in large cities, the crime rate can be high. D. D. People in some areas don’t have a sense of safety. E. E. Drug use has caused great concern in the United States. F. F. Drug addicts can be arrested or imprisoned for various reasons. In spite of the respect of most Americans for law and the determination of the legal system to protect the rights of individuals, the United States, like all other countries, does experience crime. (1)________. A high percentage of crime in the United States is directly related to the illegal sale and use of drugs. Drugs are frequently smuggled into the country by organized groups although the government made great and continuous efforts to stop the illegal drug trade. Drug abuse in the U.S. has come to be regarded as one of the most challenging social problems facing the nation. Parents, teachers and media advocate that rugs are harmful to the development of physical and mental health of adolescents. but still many young people take the risk of trying and being addicted to drugs. The drug issue always excites strong emotions of American, because drug abuse is regarded as a major threat to American society, particular to its younger member. Drug use is a social problem as it has a wide range of social costs.(2)________. Those who become addicted to drug use sometimes rob or break into a house or stores to steal money to pay for the drugs, some of whom even trade drugs for money to support their life or make more money, thus causing the existence of some illegal organized groups which even have advanced weapons to fight with the police or kill people at will. So it has serious effects on individuals physically and me ally, and the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great. (3)________. The federal government has worked hard to stop the growing of drug plants in other countries. It has also set up special agencies, sometimes working with agencies from other nations, to catch the smugglers outside and inside the United States. (4)________. Many government agencies in the states and private citizen groups work to help drug addicts give up their drug use and turn to useful lives. So, in some areas of the US, things are getting better and some used-to-be addicts even persuade and help others create new healthy normal lives. 【答案】 CAEB 七宝中学期末考试 Charity—Humanity’s most kind and generous desire—is a timeless and borderless virtue, dating at least to the dawn of religious teaching. Philanthropy（慈善行为）as we understand it today, however, is a distinctly American phenomenon, inseparable from the nation that shaped it. From colonial leaders to modern billionaires like Buffett, Gates and Zuckerberg, the tradition of giving is woven into the national DNA. ____1____ Benjamin Franklin, an icon of individual industry and frugality（节俭）even in his own day, understood that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good. When he died in 1790, Franklin thought to future generations, leaving in trust two gifts of 1,000 Ib. of sterling silver—one to the city of Boston, the other to Philadelphia. According to his instruction, a portion A. What accounts for this culture of generosity? B. This belief is central to the national character. C. How can a sense of generosity be cultivated? D. Americans’ generosity is rooted in selfless behavior. AB. America’s philanthropic nature is not restricted to the rich. AC. The formal practice of philanthropy traces its origin to a Founding Father. of the money could not be used for 200 years. While Franklin’s gifts lay in wait, the tradition he established evolved alongside the young nation. ____2____ Often far less famed men and women have played a critical role in philanthropy’s evolution. One of my personal heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped construct more than 5,300 schools across the segregated（种族隔离）South and opened classroom doors to a generation of African-American students. ____3____ The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one, encourages the rich people to give. And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoral capitalists to the new tech elite. More troubling, however, are the foundational problems that make philanthropy so necessary. Just before his death, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote, “Philanthropy is praise-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary.” Franklin’s gifts represent a broader principle. We are guardians of a public trust, even if our capital came from private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally and more justly for more people. ____4____ America’s greatest strength is not the fact of perfection, but rather the act of perfecting. 答案: AC, AB, A, C 2017 年六校联考 A. People volunteer mainly out of academic requirements and internal needs. B. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must C. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be likely to continue volunteer work. D. Individual differences in role identity is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work. E. Although this result may not surprise you ,it leads to important practical advice. F. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help understand why people undertake volunteer word and what keeps their interest in the work. Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. ______1_________For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract. People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participating from an internal factor (e.g. “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor(e.g., ‘ I volunteer because I’m required to do so .”) . When that happens people become less likely to volunteer in the future. ________2_________ Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. _____3_____ the researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience.” Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. _______4_______ . Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” “ Consistent with the researchers “ expectations, they found a positive correlation between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again , lead to concrete advice:” Once an individual begins volunteering ,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity ---- Item like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contribution can help strengthen role identity.” 答案:FBEC 71.年轻人犯错误是很自然的，我们都应该从失败中学习。 It is quite natural that young people are likely to make mistakes. We should all learn from our failures 72.他们一次又一次地试验，直到成功为止。 They made one experiment after the other till they succeeded. 73.请你们一个一个地进来。你们一次只能借两本书。 Please come in one by one. You can each borrow two books at a time. 74.只有少数学生出国，其他的都进了上海的各所大学。 Only a small number of the students went abroad, and the rest of them entered different universities in Shanghai. 75.妇女干得和男子一样多，所以应该得到同样的报酬。 The women did as much as the men, so they should be paid as much too 76.我所知道的就是这些，还能说什么呢? This is all I know, what else can I tell you? 77.只过了几分钟，敌人又开始发动进攻了。 It was only a few minutes before the enemy made another attack. 78.在这样愉快的环境中学习一定是既有趣又有效。 It must be both interesting and effective to study in such pleasant surroundings. 79.他们遇上了二十年来最严重的洪水，但没有一个人挨饿受冻。 They met with the most serious flood in twenty years, but none of them suffered from hunger and cold. 80.如果你不满足他们的要求，他们会不断抱怨的。 They will keep complaining till you meet their needs. 课后复习： [解题步骤] 1. 先读题目要求的第一句,初步了解主题. 2. 利用语法知识确定句子缺失成分 3. 重点阅读空格前后的句子利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格. 4. 认真阅读选项,并找出关键词与空格进行搭配. 人们讲话或写文章时，常常要把前后讲的或写的内容加以联系。联系的方式有几类，它们为 语言的应 用提供粘合(cohesion)。取得粘合最常用的方式是返指(referring back)已经提及的事项。取得 粘合的另一方式 就是预指(referring forward)将要说及的事项。文章中常见的指代方法： 返指方法一： 使用名词词组返指前文中的具体名词，避免重复，并从意思上进行具体解释。 返指方法二： 在名词（或名词词组）前使用 the 这一特指限定词，返指前文中提到的名词或词组。 返指方法三：使用副词来指代前文中提到或讨论到的时间。 返指方法四： 用 this；that 和他们的复数形式 these 和 those 清楚地返指前文中提到的事物和事实； 用 such 作为限定词或形容词返指刚刚提及的事物。 返指方法五： 所谈的行为或情况在前面已经提及时，可用 so 来替代。 返指方法六： 使用人称代词和物主代词。 在 A－F 备选句中一旦出现代词，就应该在前文中找到对应。否则该句就不能成为答案 高三联考卷 1 Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A On Oct. 12, 2017, McDonald’s Chinese business changed its company’s name from Maidanglao to Jingongmen. The fast food chain stated on its blog that China will still bear the old name ___21___ the fans can be reassured and consumers can still belovin’ it. The now logo had its start in 1952, ___22___ the McDonald’s brothers were interviewing architects to design the first McDonald’s location. But the brother’s plan to construct a restaurant with two arches（拱门）on each side ___23___（deny）by the first three architects. Then, they found Stanley Clark Meston. Meston designed the McDonald’s location to stand out amongst the surrounding buildings, ___24___（grab）the attention of hungry drivers who could be convinced to pull over and buy a quick burger. Two golden arches, one on each side of the building, did just that. Originally, the two arches were not meant to form an“M”. However, as the building design became famous, the chain created a logo ___25___（intend）to be a simple artistic view of a McDonald’s location, with a roof and two arches lining up to form an M. By the late 1960s, McDonald’s ___26___（abandon）the two-arch design, with the golden arches appearing instead on signs. This is the era in which Ray Kroc had taken over the business, using the golden arches as a logo, not as an architectural instruction. Strangely, ___27___ many people may not realize is that the McDonald’s arches symbolized a mother’s nourishing breasts in Freudian terms, so Louis Cheskin, a design consultant, said McDonald’s ___28___ as well maintain its branding. Nearly two decades ago, Thomas Friedman came up with his“Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention”. The idea ___29___ no two countries that had McDonald’s restaurants would go to wat suited the post-cold was 1990s. Unfortunately, as war is now back on the menu, McDonald’s is ___30___（likely）to prevent a fifth war between India and Pakistan. Newer American brands, such as Apple, Uber and Starbucks, are powering ahead. Section B A. precision B. unreliable C. accustomed D. alert E. unlock F. invasions G. inevitable H. identified I. launched J. suspected K. spot The iPhone X, Apple’s new smartphone, is equipped with facial recognition. Its scanner can ___31___ the system almost instantly. It requires no buttons to be pressed, being always ready to read your face. For the millions of people who will soon depend on facial recognition to check their email, send a text or make a call, it will be easy and pretty“cool”to use. However, as we grow ___32___ to the technology, we cannot become numb（麻木的）to the problems that come with it. Facial recognition is already used everywhere. In China, police use the technology to ___33___ people who jaywalk（乱穿马路）. In the United States, more than half of all adults are in a facial recognition database that can be used for criminal investigation. Retailers use the technology in their stores to identify ___34___ shoplifters. However, different uses of facial recognition produce different levels of ___35___. Camera distance, lighting, facial pose all affect the accuracy. Officials at the New York Police Department, for example, have ___36___ at least five misidentifications by their facial recognition system. If the iPhone’s new system is similarly ___37___, no one will consider it to be acceptable security for our personal information. Luckily, it probably won’t be. But for many of the systems elsewhere, mistakes and ___38___ of privacy might be unavoidable. As the smartphone of choice for many users, the iPhone’s inclusion of facial recognition may encourage consumers to accept the technology elsewhere. However, even as we choose to explore the convenience, facial recognition might offer, we should also be ___39___ to the many ways it can be used. Facial recognition may well be ___40___. Its risks need not be. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A In interview, famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to“do what you love.”But ___41___ a skill, even one that you deeply love, calls for plenty of drills. Any challenging activity—from computer programming to playing a musical instrument to athletics—requires ___42___ practice. A perfect golf swing or faultless butterfly stroke（蝶冰）takes countless hours of practice and repetitions to perfect. Anyone who wants to have a good command, a skill must go through the ___43___ of practice, critical feedback, polish, and increasing improvement again, again, and again. Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and take ___44___ in their gradual improvement. Yet others find this kind of focused, time-intensive work to be ___45___ or boring. Why? The ___46___ may depend on the ability to enter into a state of “flow,” the feeling of being completely involved in what you are doing. Flow states can happen in the course of any activity, and they are most common when a task has definite goals and where the individual is able to ___47___ their performance to clear and immediate feedback. Whether you call it being “in the zone,” “in a groove,” or something else, a flow state is a special experience. Since Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi developed the concept of flow in the 1970’s, it has been a mainstay of positive-psychology research. Flow states can happen in the course of any activity, and they are most common when a task has well-defined goals and is at an appropriate skill level, and where the individual is able to adjust their performance to clear and immediate feedback. Caikszentmihalyi suggested that those who most ___48___ entered into flow states had an “autotelic personality”—a tendency to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow. While those without such a personality see difficulties, autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills and they have low levels of self-centeredness. Such people, with their ability to focus on tasks rather than rewards have a great ___49___ over others in developing their innate（天生的）abilities. But how can we get into a flow state for an activity so that we enjoy both the process of improving skills and the ___50___ of being a master? ___51___ for those of us who don’t necessarily possess an autotelic personality, there is evidence that flow states can be ___52___ by environmental factors. For instance, in Montessori schools, students do not study by following direct instruction. ___53___, they are encouraged to develop and pursue personal interests. Competition is ___54___ and grading is not emphasized. Students are grouped together according to shared interests, rather than separated by ability. While there isn’t yet a pill that can turn dull practice into an exciting activity for anyone, it is comforting that we seem to be able to advance into flow states. By giving ourselves unstructured, open-ended time, minimum distractions, and a task set at a moderate level of ___55___, we may be able to love what we’re doing while we put in the hard work practicing the things we love doing. 41. A. functioning B. stimulating C. enriching D. mastering 42. A. fixed B. concentrated C. paralleled D. instructed 43. A. transformation B. substitute C. cycle D. condition 44. A. pleasure B. pride C. an interest D. part 45. A. frustrating B. rewarding C. ignorant D. poisonous 46. A. objection B. standard C. principle D. distinction 47. A. adjust B. devote C. apply D. expose 48. A. deliberately B. readily C. hesistantly D. flexibly 49. A. feature B. control C. advantage D. sympathy 50. A. reward B. jealousy C. security D. contribution 51. A. Unexpectedly B. Fortunately C. Typically D. Obviously 52. A. influenced B. extended C. cultivated D. bridged 53. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Instead 54. A. advocated B. suspended C. discouraged D. observed 55. A. priority B. difficulty C. curiosity D. identity Section B （A） “One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger,”says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford. By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that mom quit the right way — by stopping abruptly and completely. In her Study, participants were randomly assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine (尼古丁) patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day. Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it — more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it’s a very, very low quit rate if people try without support. And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they’d rather cut down gradually before quitting. “If you’re training for a marathon, you wouldn’t expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, ‘Well, if I gradually reduce, it’s almost practice,’” says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn’t the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings(瘾) and withdrawal before they even reached the quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. “Regardless of your stated preference, if you’re ready to quit, quitting suddenly is more effective,” says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. “When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that’s a compelling number, and I think that translates to the patient. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it,” Ferreira says. People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success. 56. What dose Lindson-Hawley say about her mother？ A. She quit smoking with her daughter’s help. B. She succeeded in quitting smoking suddenly. C. She was also a researcher of tobacoo and health. D. She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers. 57. What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley’s study？ A. They were given physical training. B. They were looked after by physicians. C. They were encouraged by psychologist. D. They were offered nicotine replacement. 58. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley’s experiment？ A. It is idealized. B. It is predictable. C. It is positive. D. It is misleading. 59. What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually？ A. They find it even more difficult. B. They are simply unable to make it. C. They show fewer withdrawal symptom. D. They feel much less pain in the process. （C） Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures“everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to. The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a faulty concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects? A recent annual study of countries and their ability to transformed growth into well-being throws some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria（标准）from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more comprehensive assessment of how countries are performing. While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding（初见端倪的）economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment. This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different. So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes—all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being. The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the heralded（预示的）disaster and may even see progress. 63. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that ____. A. the UK is reluctant to reshape its economic pattern B. GDP as the measure of success is widely opposed in the UK C. the UK will contribute less to the world economy D. policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP 64. Which of the following is TRUE about the recent annual study? A. It is sponsored by 163 countries. B. It excludes GDP as an indicator. C. Its criteria are questionable. D. Its results are inspiring. 65. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that ______. A. the UK is preparing for an economic boom B. high GDP foreshadows an economic decline C. it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP D. it requires caution to handle economic issues 66. Which of the fallowing is the best title for the text? A. High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK Lesson B. GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health C. Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP D. Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being Section C Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. But minor missteps when reaching your goals are completely normal and OK. B. Having someone to share your struggles and successes makes your journey much easier and less stressful. C. When you are doing well at keeping your resolution, you may discover that you are feeling better about other areas of your life too. D. Instead of making too many resolutions, simply make one resolution at a time. E. You can even make a contact with yourself stating what you will set out to do and sign it to make it official. F. Don’t complain about small things in life, because that only spoils your mood. The new Year is slowly nearing and many people are looking back to 2017 and more importantly, forward to the coming year 2018. People may use the New Year as a time to turn over a new leaf. Are you planning to make a New Year Resolution? Here are a few tips for preparing to be successful with all your New Year Resolutions. 1. A Single Change Is Enough You can’t stick to two to three resolutions at a time. You would eventually break one of them for sure. ___67___. Don’t get overwhelmed and think that you have to reassess everything in your life. But, don’t break that one resolution you make, because that is important. 2. Write Down Your Resolutions Once you have decided on your achievable resolutions, writhe them down. It helps to write down your resolution so you can refer back to it often during the year. ___68___. Also, by writing it down, you will be able to review it often and evaluate your progress since the time the resolution was made. 4. Ask For Support Tell a friend or your loved ones whom you trust about your resolution. They will provide you with support and keep you focused on your goal. And if you are wavering at all, their support will ensure you don’t give up easily. Besides, it is advisable to join an online support group for specific resolutions such as losing weight, giving up chocolate, or training for the next marathon. ___69___. In turn, be sure to help boost other people’s resolutions! 5. Accept Failure It is true that perfection is what people pursue. ___70___. Don’t give up completely because you ate a brownie and broke your diet or skipped the gym, for a week because you were busy. You must accept anything that comes your way. It is not easy to stick to something that requires lot of patience and will. Everyone has ups and downs; resolve to recover from your mistakes and get back on the right track. Ⅳ. Summary Writing Although students have spent considerable time and energy in school in preparation for the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the shift from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job. Writer and editor Joseph Lewis suggests one reason why this is the case. He believes that most of our school experiences—from childhood through university—are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more uncertain. In school, for example, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant change is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly. Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are unprepared to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they“learned”on tests. But in the workplace employees“are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not just follow a supervisor’s instructions.” Finally, many recent graduates say that one of the biggest difficulties they face is adapting to teamwork on the job. In the workplace, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. Knowing how to participate effectively in teamwork—and deal with problems when they arise—is extremely important, and yet, it is also something many students don’t get quite exposed to in a school setting. How can we better prepare young adults for the workplace? Recent graduates, looking back on their educational experience, have some advice. Many think that all students should be required to do an internship（实习）while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital, or government organization, for example, can help one gain experience and learn skills needed to succeed in the real world. Pairing this kind of practical work experience with classroom instruction, say the graduates, will help prepare students for the realities of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful. Ⅰ. Translation 1. 希望人人都能在会上各抒己见。（express） 2. 你给贫困地区儿童捐了这么大一笔钱，又不求回报，真慷慨!（It） 3. 尽管困难重重，他丰富的工作经验和出色的心理素质最终使他能胜任主编的这个职位， 这令他欣喜若狂。（Despite, qualify） 4. 只有当他们经历了这场激烈的比赛并险胜对手，同学们才坚信他们在经典文学中投入的 时间越多，他们的收获就会越多。（Only, convince） KEYS 语法填空 21. so that 22. when 23. was denied 24. grabbing 25. intended 26. had abandoned 27. what 28. might 29. that 30. less likely 十一选十 31.E 32. C 33. K 34. J 35. A 36. H 37. B 38. F 39. D 40. G 完形填空 41-45 DBCBA 46-50 DABCA 51-55 BCDCB 阅读 56. B 57. D 58. C 59. A 63. B 64. D 65. C 66. A 67. D 68. E 69. B 70. A 翻译 1. Everyone is expected to express their opinion. 2. It is generous of you to donate so much money to the mountainous children without asking reward. 3. Despite many difficulties, his rich experience and excellent psychological qualities finally qualify him for the main editor, which made him wild with joy. 4. Only when they experienced the fierce competition and won a narrow victory, were the classmates convinced that the more time they devoted to the classic literature, the more they would gain.