高考一轮复习英语词汇延伸与阅读练习（三十三）

2021 届高考英语词汇延伸与阅读练习（三十三） 1. stress /stres/ n. 压力；紧张；强调，重要性；重音；vt. 强调，着重，重读 拓展 (1)stress the importance of 强调……的重要性 under stress 在压力之下 under the stress of 在……压力下；为……所迫 lay/put/place stress on 强调；把重点放在……上 (2)stressed adj. 焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的 stressful adj. 压力大的；紧张的 例句 ①Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress. 人在压力之下，办事情就容易出差错。 ②The life of a high school student is usually active, exciting and full of fun, but it can be stressful (stress) sometimes. 高中生的生活通常是积极的、令人激动的、充满快乐的，但有时候也有压力。 ③What the tutor wants to stress is that we must translate this passage. 导师要强调的是我们必须把这篇文章翻译。 串记 The architect feels stressed to do the stressful task under great stress. 在这么大的压力下去做有巨大压力的任务，建筑师感觉很有压力。 2. strict /strɪkt/ a. 严格/厉的 拓展 (1)be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对某事严格 strictly speaking 严格地说 例句 ①My parents were very strict with me when I was young． 在我小的时候，我的父母对我要求非常严格。 ②Our English teacher is strict with us in our homework. 我们的英语老师对我很严格，对我们的家庭作业要求也很严格。 串记 To be a popular student, we ought to be strict with ourselves in everything we do at school． 为了做一个受人喜欢的学生，我们应该对自己在学校里的一举一动要求严 格。 3. strike /straɪk/ n. & v.（钟）鸣；敲（响）；罢工；vt. (struck，struck/stricken)打，击；敲 响，报时；(灾害等)突/侵袭；突然想起；给……以某种印象；擦/打火 拓展 (1)be struck with/by 被……所袭击(感动) It strikes sb. that...某人觉得……；某人突然想起 Sth. strike sb. (＝sb. strike onSth. ) 某人想到…… strike sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位 打某人某处 (2)be on strike 在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工 (3)striking adj.显著的；突出的；惹人注目的 stricken a. 患病的；受挫折的；受…侵袭的 例句 ①As the saying goes: strike while the iron is hot. 正如谚语所说：趁热打铁，趁机行事。 ②Struck by the beauty of the West Lake，we stopped to admire the beautiful scenery. 被西湖美景打动，我们停下来欣赏美丽的风景。 ③It suddenly struck me that we ought to make a new plan. 我突然想到，我们应该制定一个新的计划。 ④Staff at the hospital went on strike to protest against the incident. 医院员工举行罢工，以抗议这起事件。 4. strong /strɒŋ/ a. 坚强的；强壮的；牢固的；擅长的 拓展 (1)be strong against 坚决反对 be strong in 擅长 be strong under 在…下坚定不移 one's strong point 一个人的特长，优点 (2)strength n．力量；力气；长处；优势；强度 build up one's strength 强身健体 with all one's strength 用尽全身的力气 strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势 have the strength to do sth. 有力气/意志做某事 (3)strengthen vt. 增强；改善 例句 ①I'm strong against the proposal. 我坚决反对这项建议。 ②Take part in the physical exercise and build up your strength. 参加体育锻炼来增强你的体力。 ③As a coach, he knows what strengths and weaknesses his athletes have against their rivals. 作为教练，他知道自己的队员与对手相比有什么优势和劣势。 串记 While he is strong, the supervisor doesn’t have the strength to finish the rest race, so he’d like to strengthen his body later. 尽管他很壮，主管没有力气跑完剩下的比赛了，他下来要加强锻炼身体了。 5. struggle /'strʌg(ə)l/ vi. & n.斗争，奋斗，挣扎，搏斗 拓展 struggle against 与……斗争 struggle for 为…奋斗；为……而斗争 struggle with 与……斗争；和……并肩奋斗 struggle to do sth. 努力/挣扎着做某事 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 例句 ①China should struggle with all the other countries against pollution. 中国应该同所有其他国家一起与污染作斗争。 ②His two sons struggled for the camera which he brought from abroad. 他的两个儿子为从国外带来的照相机而在挣。 ③She's struggling to raise a family on a very low income. 她正靠着非常微薄的收入艰难地供养一家人。 串记 Farmers always have to struggle for a living. They often struggle against/with the bad weather for a better harvest. Some of them even have to leave their hometown and go to work in cities, struggling to increase their income. 农民总是要为生存而奋斗。他们经常与恶劣的天气作斗争，争取更好的收成。 他们中的一些人甚至不得不离开家乡，到城市工作，努力增加收入。 课后练习 People live much longer than most other animals,so human childhood also lasts a long time.Unlike baby animals,human children need many years to learn how to live on their own as adults.As children’s bodies grow,so do their minds. 1 There are several stages of child development.Infancy (婴儿期) is the most helpless stage.Over their first year infants gradually learn to roll over,sit up,crawl,and take their first steps with someone helping them.As they grow out of infancy,babies begin to make sounds similar to words. The toddler stage (学步期) begins when a baby starts to walk,usually at about the age of 1.Most children also start saying words at about this time.As toddlers grow they become stronger and have more control of their bodies.Their thinking skills also improve. 2 They like to copy what other people say and do. Between the ages of 3 and 5,children are in the preschool stage.Children learn many important skills during this stage.They learn to share and to take turns. 3 Playing with others helps them learn how to get along with all kinds of people. Starting school marks a new stage.Children’s minds develop quickly as they learn reading and writing.They also learn more about cooperating with others. Between 9 and 12 years old,children are preteens. 4 They become better at controlling their behavior.Preteens also understand how to be helpful to others. 5 As preteens become teenagers,they move one step closer to becoming adults and living on their own. A.This growth is called child development. B.As their bodies grow stronger,they try sports. C.They learn how to play simple games with rules. D.During this stage they become much more independent. E.The end of the preteen years marks the end of childhood. F.They slowly start putting words together to make sentences. G.Preteens also become more aware of the world beyond their home. 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子童年时期成长的各个阶段。 1.A 由 第 一 段 的 描 述 以 及 下 文 中 的 “There are several stages of child development”可知,A 项“这种成长被称为儿童发展”符合此处语境。 2.F 由该空前的“Their thinking skills also improve”和该空后的“They like to copy what other people say and do”可知,F 项“他们慢慢开始把词放在一起来组句 子”符合此处语境。 3.C 由该空前的“Children learn many important skills during this stage”以及 该空后的“Playing with others helps them learn how to get along with all kinds of people”可知,C 项内容“他们学习如何玩有简单规则的游戏”符合此处语境。 4.D 由 该 空 后 的 “They become better at...understand how to be helpful to others”可知,在接近青春期的岁月,他们会变得更加独立。 5.E 由上文的描述以及该空后的“As preteens become teenagers,they move one step closer...”可知,E 项“接近青春期岁月的结束标志着童年的结束”符合此处 语境。