2021高考英语词汇串记与阅读训练（四十七）

2021 高考英语词汇串记与阅读训练（四十七） Part 1 词汇精炼 初级词汇 Chinese characters were initially （mean）to be simple pictures used to help people remember things. After a long period of （develop）, it finally became a unique character system embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was （extreme） advanced in ancient times, began With inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles:bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is （root）in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are“-- “(the horizontal stroke)“| ”(the vertical stroke),“/ "( the left falling stroke),“\”(the right-falling stroke), and“乙”(the turning stroke). Exercise 1：将蓝色标记的词汇或者短语写出中文意思 1． 2． 3． 4． 5． 6． 7． 8． 9． 10． 11． 12． 13． 14． 15． 16． 17． 18． 19． Exercise 2：将短文中的空格处补充完整 1． 2． 3． 4． 5． 6． 答案：1. meant 2. development 3. that 4. extremely 5.as 6.rooted Exercise 3：全文翻译 答案 ：汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种 兼具音、 形、意韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认 为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不 同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方“，源于古人” 天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五 种基本笔画，即:横、竖、撇、捺、折。 高级词汇 The Chinese （class）garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and （river）, plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is“ artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and （nature）. ”When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which“ makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.”Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the （origin） of the world’s garden due its long history and abundant connotations. Exercise 1：将蓝色标记的词汇或者短语写出中文意思 1． 2． 3． 4． 5． 6． 7． 8． 9． 10． 11． 12． 13． 14． 15． 16． 17． 18． 19． 20． Exercise 2：将短文中的空格处补充完整 1． 2． 3． 4． 5． 答案：1. classical 2.rivers 3.natural 4.origins 5. to Exercise 3：全文翻译 答案：.中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是 我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林， 能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园 林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。 Part 2 阅读练习 Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 1 Do you want to be a good public speaker?Here are some principles you must master. People want to listen to someone who is interesting,relaxed and comfortable.Too often,when you stand up to give a speech,you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.” 2 Focus on the speaking.Talk directly to your audience,be yourself and make a connection. Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes.Yet,the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking.People’s attention wanders constantly.In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message.So,don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. 3 Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 4 And like everything else in life,that takes practice.Remember,even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis. 5 It’s rare to hear someone say,“I wish that speaker had spoken longer.”On the other hand,you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought,“I’m glad that talk is over.It seemed to go on forever!” So surprise your audience.Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end. A.Do the opposite. B.You want to be an effective public speaker. C.You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip. D.When it comes to public speaking,less is usually more. E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience. F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners. G.However,the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 参考答案： 本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何成为一名受人欢迎的演讲者给出了一些建议,即注意和 听众互动,在有错误时应继续往下讲,不断练习等。 1.G 考查过渡句。 解题思路上下文语境分析题。上一句提到“一些人生来就有公开演讲的天赋”,与此承接 的语意应该是另一些人则要经过后天培训,故选 G 项“然而,大多数人能成为有影响力的 演说家,是因为他们受过训练”。G 项中的“the majority of people(大多数人)”对应上一句的 “some individuals(一些人)”,“train to be(训练使然)”对应上一句的“are born with(与生俱 来)”。 2.A 考查过渡句。 解题思路上下文语境分析题。前面一句说的是“当你站在公众面前演讲时,大多数情况下 你关注的是公众,却牺牲了演讲”,言外之意,作者认为演讲者应关注演讲本身而不是公众, 故选 A 项“反过来做”。F 选项虽然也提到要关注“听众”,但是选项中的“the fear”前文中没 有提到,因而排除。 3.C 考查段尾句。 解题思路词汇复现题。前文说的是“即使最成功的演说家也会犯错……所以,除非错误非 常严重,否则犯了错也不要停止演讲”。由此可推断设空处应该与“犯错”有关,故选项 C“你 没有必要为小失误而道歉”。a minor slip(小错误)与前文的 a mistake 为同义替换。 4.B 考查过渡句。 解题思路词汇指代题。由前一句“你的目标不是成为一名完美的演说家”可以锁定 B、E 两个选项。但后一句“就像生活中的其他一切事情一样,这需要练习”中有关键词“that”, 因此空格处应提及“that”指代的内容,故选 B 项“你想成为一名有影响力的演说家”,这是 需要加以练习的。 5.D 考查段首句。 解题思路挖空位置推理题。空格后提到“很少听到有人会说:‘我希望演讲者能讲得更久一 些。’”另外,本段还给出了建议“总是让你的演讲比预期的稍短一点”,由此可知,位于本段 段首的空格处应与缩短演讲时间有关。D 项“说到公开演讲,通常越少就是越多”符合本段 主题。此处的“less”指的是“less time”,“more”指的是“more benefits”或者“more gains”。