（精品中考英语）中考复习策略15

中考复习策略15摘要：中考复习策略15Ccall?［误］I'llcallatMrBrown.?［正］I'llcallonMrBrown.?［误］r11callonMrBrownJshome.?［正］V11callatMrBrown，shome.?［析］作拜访讲时,at后面接访问地点，而on后面接中考复习策略15Ccall?［误］rncallatMrBrown.?［正］T，11cal1onMrBrown.?［误］T，11cal1onMrBrowshome-?［正］rncallatMrBrown'shome.?［析］作〃拜访〃讲时,at后面接访问地点，而on后面接访问的人。?cal1ondropinvisit?cal1on比较正式的为公务的访问，如:Wewerecalledonbytheoldstudents.而dropin则是比较随便的走走，顺便拜访，如：Ifyou'refree,dropin.ifijvisit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来，如:MyschooPsheadmasterwillvisitAmericanextweek.?can?［谋］Ablindmancannotjudgecolours.?［正］Ablindmancarmotjudgecolours.?［误］Tcann，tcallforyouatten.?［正］Tcantcal1foryouatten.?［析］can的否定形式应为cannot或can，t.?［误］It，sonlysixo'clock.Thatmustn'tbethepostman.?［正］It，sonlysixo'clock.Thatcan'tbethepostman.? ［析］must用来表示一种肯定的推断，如：Shemusthavesomeproblems.Shekeepscrying.但在否定句中则要用can，t,要表示对过去的推测则要用，，must+have+过去分词"的表达法，如:Thelightshavegoneout.Afusemusthaveblown.而对过去的否定推测则多用”？can't?+have+过去分词〃，如：1don'tthinkhecanhaveheardyou.Callagain.?［误］Wecouldnothelptolaughatonce.?［正］Wecouldnothelplaughingatonce.?［正］Wecouldnothelpbutlaughatonce.?［析］"couldn'thelp+动名词"表示禁不住做了某事。但couldnothelpbut与couldnotbut后面要加不带to的不定式，意思都是不得不去做某事.如:Youcouldnot(help)butrespecthim.?canbeableto?can与beableto都可以用来表示能力，但can只有现在时与过去时,beableto则可用任何时态，如:Hewillbeabletoteachthechild.但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用beableto,如:Hefinallywasabletojumpover2?10meters.或:Theplanewasabletoflyoverthemountain.但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态,而beableto后面不接不定式的被动态。？cancould?can与could都可以用在现在时的口语中，只是用could更为礼貌,语气更委婉。女［l:Couldyoutellusastory?care?［误］Tdon'tcarecoffee.?［正］Tdon'tcareforcoffee・？［课］Takecareforyoursteps.?［正］Takecareofyoursteps.?［析］carefor是"对某物感兴趣〃，而careof是"关心,要当心某事"，如:Shedidn'tcareforhim.Takecareofwhatyouaredoing.? ［谋］Tdon'tcarewherewewi11goifitdoesn'train.?［正］Tdon'tcarewherewegoifitdoesn'train.?［析］在itdoesn'tmatter,Idon，tcare,Idon，tmind,及incase引出的状语从句后而要用现在时表示将来。如：I'vegotafootballincasewehavetimeforagame.?change?［误］Twanttochangemycamerawiththatone.?［正］Twanttochangemycameraforthatone.?［析］changefor为"以某物为交换物"。rfo'changewith则是"随而变〃，如:Thewood，scolourchangedwiththeseason.?cheap?［误］Ateacher'ssalaryisgenerallyverycheap.?［正］Ateacher，ssalaryisgenerallyverylow.?［析］工资的高低耍用low,cheap是指价格便宜，如果要讲物美价廉则耍用notexpensive,如：Thiscarisnotexpensive.?choose?［谋］WeeachhadtohaveachooseofAorB.?［正］WeeachhadtohaveachoiceofAorB.?［析］choice是名词，而choose是动词。?class?［误］TheclassiswatchingTV.?［正］TheclassarewatchingTV.?［析］class作主语时，如果作为整体讲则应用单数形式的谓语动词，如:Theclasswasmorethanfortyinnumber.如考虑到具体的每个成员时则应用复数形式的谓语动词,女H:The classare,ingeneral,verybright.?clean?［误］Sorry,Tdidn'tboughtithere-Tcleanlyforgot.?［正］Sorry,Tdidn'tboughtithere.Tcleanforgot.?［析］clean可以作为副词讲,其意为〃完全〃，而cleanly则意为〃正确地〃、〃干净利落地"，如:Theknifedoesn'tcutcleanly.Wclean作为形容词讲时意为"清洁的"、"干净的"，如:Herfaceisnotcleannow.?clever?［谋］「mnotcleverinEnglish.?［正］rmnotcleveratEnglish.?［析］cleverdt是固定搭配，表示在某方面有特长。？close?［谋］Itiscoldoutside.Pleasekeepthedoorclose-?［正］Ttiscoldoutside.Pleasekeepthedoorclosed.?［析］这里的close是动词，意为〃关闭〃，而keep后耍加形容词，所以耍用close的过去分词形式closed作形容词。作形容词用的close意为〃近的〃、"亲密的〃。?［谋］Comecloselysothat1canseeyou.?［正］ComeclosesothatIcanseeyou.?［误］Goodteachingandgoodtestingarecloserelated.?［正］Goodteachingandgoodtestingarecloselyrelated.?［析］close,closely同样可以作副词用,但其意义不同,close是〃靠近〃、〃接近意,而close!y则是〃紧密〃、〃严密〃、〃密切〃之意。？［误］Myschoolwasquiteclosefrommyhome.? ［正］Myschoolwasquiteclosetomyhome-?浙］〃与……接近〃是closeto-,例如:？Hewasclosetofifty.?Thereisabus?stopclosetothestation.?closeshutturn?shut与close是同义词,如closethedoor或shutthedoor.但要讲把某人关在门外时则只能用shutsomebodyout而不能用close,因shut语气较强，并含有隔离之意。而turnoff是指关上电视、电灯、煤气之类,有切断Z意。？cloth?［误］ThechiIdrenwearverygoodclothtogotoschool.?［j［｛］ThechiIdrenwearverygoodclothestogotoschool.?［谋］1needalotofclothing.?I'mgoingtomakeanewcloth.?［正］Tneedalotofcloth.?rmgoingtomakeanewdress.?［析］cloth是〃布"、〃布料"，没有复数形式。一块布料是apieceofcloth,而clothes统指衣服，是复数名词，〃一套衣服〃耍讲asuitofclothes,如果是〃一件件衣服〃应讲shirt,dress,sweater等。而clothing是衣物的总称，是不可数名词。例如：Thisclothingisneededinwarmcountries>Herclothesaremadeoffinecloth.?英语中的dress是指比较正式的服装，如aschooldress（校服），astudentdress（学生套装），aworkingdress（ZC作服）。?coffee?［谋］Pleasegivemetwowaters.?［正］Pleasegivemetwocoffees.? ［正］Pleasegivemetwocupsofwater>?［析］虽然coffee,water,tea等都是物质名词，但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的却不行，其前要加acupof或aglassof.?colour(color)?［误］Coloursofflowersarered,yel1owandwhite.?［正］Elowersarered,yellowandwhite.?［析］中文的〃花的颜色有红色、黄色和口色"，若译为英文Coloursofflowersare*--,就显得重复了。？［误］T1ikegreencolour.?［正］1likegreen.?［正］T1ikecolourgreen.?［析］受的。?colourgreen中的colour是green的同位语，所以这种说话方式英语是nJ以接come9■［误］Tcameacrosswithanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.?［正］Tcameacrossanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.?浙］comeacross是〃偶然碰见、遇见"，要直接加宾语，如:Tvejustcomeacrossabeautifulpoeminthismagazine.?［误］Wheredoyoucomefrom??Tcomefromthestation.?［正］Wheredidyoucomefrom??Tcamefromthestation.?［正］Wheredoyoucomefrom?? IcomefromChina.?［析］Wheredoyoucomefrom?意为〃你是什么地方的人?"?而Wheredidyoucomefrom?则是〃你从何处来?〃？［误］Thestarsarecomin£outfromthecloud.?［正］Thestarsarecomingoutofthecloud.?［析］comeoutof意为"从地方出来?comeincomeintoenter?comein与comeinto的意义相同，但comeinto后面要加宾语，而comein后面不用宾语。女IIIfoundsomeonecameintomyroom・Thedooropenedandthechildcamein.?enter常作为及物动词使用，如:ThebusenteredtheEnglishtunnel.?congratulate?［误］Twanttocongratulateyouforyoursuccesswithal1myheart.?［正］1wanttocongratulateyouonyoursuccesswithallmyheart.?［析］动词congratulatesomebodyonsomething是"向某人祝贺某事〃。其名词congratulation在用时一般要用复数，如：Iofferedhimmycongratulationsonhissuccess.又如:Congratulations!?cook?［误］Myfatherisagoodcooker.?［正］Myfatherisagoodcook.?［析］很多动词加上?er则变为执行该动作的一种人，如work?woi'ker,teach?teacher.但cook即是动词〃做饭〃，同时名词也是〃厨师〃。而cooker则是〃厨具〃、〃炊具〃之意。如：1willcookthedinner.1boughtagoodpresscooker（高压锅）。?corner? ［误］Thereisapostofficeinthecornerofthestreet.?［正］Thereisapostofficeatthecornerofthestreet.?［误］Agirlsatatthecorneroftheroom.?［1E］Agirlsatinthecorneroftheroom・?［析］inthecorner是在建筑物内部的角上，而atthecorner是在外部的角上，如:Thereisabigtreeatthecornerofthebuilding.?cost?［谋］Tcosttendollarsforthebook.?［正］1spenttendollarsonthebook.?［误］Tcosttwohourstodomyhomework.?［正］Tttookmetwohourstodomyhomework.?［析］cost,spend,take都可以作〃花费〃讲,但用法不同。cost的用法是"something+cost+somebody+时间或金钱〃，如:Thebookcostmetendollars・spend的用法是〃somebody+spend+时间+(in)doingsomething'7，女H:Ispenttwohours(in)writingthisbook.或〃somebody+spend+金钱+onsomething，z,女n：Ispendtwodollarsonthisbook・而take的用法则要用逻辑主语it:"It+takes+somebody+时间+todosomething'7,如：Ittookmeanhourtocleantheclassroom.?country?［谋］Youcanfindcowsinacountry.?［正］Youcanfindcowsinthecountry-?［析］country即可作〃国家〃讲,也可作〃农村〃讲。当作〃农村〃讲时，一定要加定冠词，而且只有单数形式。例如:？［误］Farmers1iveinthecountries.?［正］Farmersliveinthecountry.?［析］但作为"国家〃讲时则可有单、复数形式，例如:JapanisanAsiancountry.Ja pan,China,andIndiaareAsiancountries.外,country—般指的是地理概念上的国家，如：NewZealandisanagriculturalcountry,rfij'nation多指民族组成的国家，如:TheChinesenation（+华民族）。state多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围，如：thestatefarm（国营农场）。?cross?［误］Therearetraffic1ightsatthecross.?［正］Therearetrafficlightsatthecrossing.?［析］cross作为名词讲时是十字架、十字形的东西，如:RedCross（红十字会）。?［误］The1ittleboyisgoingtoacrossthestreet.?［正］The1ittieboyisgoingtocrossthestreet.?［析］across是副词或介词，但不能作动词用。？crosspass?cross是指横过某地，如：Hecrossedthesquare.而pass则强调从某物体旁经过，如:Tmailedsome1etterswhenTpassedthepostoffice.?crowd?［误］Theroomsoonwascrowdedbypeople.?［j|｛］Theroomsoonwascrowdedwithpeople.?［析］crowded在这句话屮应作为形容词，所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构，如：Theroomwascrowdedwithbooks.?cup?［误］Asilverglasswasgiventothewinner.?［正］Asilvercupwasgiventothewinner-?［误］Mymotherwaslookingforthewhiskycup.? ［正］Mymotherwaslookingforthewhiskyglass.?［析］glass一般指由玻璃制成的器MIL,而cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯了，且cup尤其用在奖杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子，如我们讲Idrinkaglassofwinoatsupper.而不讲Idrinkacupofwineatsupper.?