中考英语二轮复习专题专练（一）冠词和介词

2021 届中考英语二轮复习专题专练（一） 冠词和介词 一、单选题 1. Take _____ umbrella with you. It's _____ useful tool on rainy days. A. an; a B. a; the C. an; the D. the; the 2.—What _____ useful book! Where did you buy it? —In _____ European country. A. a; an B. an; a C. a; a D. an; an 3.—What should I do to live _____ green life? —I think you should go by _____ bike instead of driving your car. A. a; a B. the; / C. a; / D. /; / 4.If you want to take _____ short ride in the city, choose _____ shared bike. A. a; / B. the; the C. a; a D./; a 5.—How do you like the rule, Lily? —Oh, it's really _____ useful rule. It will be helpful in controlling _____ spread of the novel coronavirus (新型冠状病毒). A. a; a B. a; the C.an; the D. the; the 6.—Is doctor Wang _____ UNICEF volunteer? —No, he is _____ ORBIS doctor. He has worked for it for years. A.a; an B.an; a C.an; an D.a; a 7.Mr. Zhang is _____ success as a leader but he hasn't _____ experience in teaching. A. the; / B. a; / C. /; / D. the; an 8.The bright sunlight comes into the room ______ the window. A. through B. across C. past 9.China sent up the final satellite of Beidou Navigation Satellite System (北斗卫星导航系统) from Xichang Satellite Center _____ June 23, 2020. A.at B.in C.to D.on 10.Man can’t live _________ water. A. of B. for C. from D. without 11.—Did you go on the Silk Road trip by train? —Yes. The train was great, just like a hotel _____ wheels—it had all that I needed. A.in B.at C. on D.by 12.—Why did you put a ladder _____ the wall just now? —Because I wanted to put up a map on the wall. A. opposite B. from C. against D. above 13.As we all know, everyone is born _____ the ability _____ learn. A.in; to B. with; to C. on; in D. with; by 14.His opinions are similar _____ yours but different _____ Julia's. A.to; from B. from; to C.as; with D. with; as 15.—Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February. —Hubei is far from Heilongjiang. It's _____ the south of China, _____ the south of Henan. A.in; to B. on; to C.in; on D. on; in 二、填空题 16. There is a school __________ the street from here. 17. I am going to learn to sing because my family love to listen __________music. 18. My mother usually does housework the evening. 19. There’s a map the world on the wall. 20. The temperature in our hometown usually drops _______ zero in winter. (在……以下) 21.—What will you be when you grow up? —I think I will be __________astronaut. 22._____ quilt is pink. I like it very much. 23.Thanks for listening and hope you have _______ good time here in Sea World. 24.I go on _______ picnic every month, but I visit the museum twice _______ month. 25. There are many animals living on_______ earth, and they should have _______ place here just like humans. 三、阅读理解 26. The longest river in the world is the Nile. It is 4,160 miles long. But the Nile is not the mightiest (浩荡的) river. The Amazon is. The Amazon is also the second longest river in the world. It is 3,900 miles long. How long is that? It is longer than a road going from New York City to San Francisco. The Amazon is the mightiest for this reason. It has the greatest amount of water. More water runs out to the sea than from the Nile, Mississippi, and Yangtze rivers combined (总和). That's a lot of fresh water! The force of its current (水流) is great too. The current can be seen 200 miles out in the sea. Here's a story to show the Amazon's amazing current. A ship sailed ( 航行) far away from Brazil. It ran out of drinking water. Another ship passed by. The first ship asked for water. Someone on the second ship said, "Just put your buckets (桶) into the sea." Here are a few more facts. At its mouth, the Amazon is 90 miles wide. Even up the river, you can't see the opposite bank. The river is also very deep—from 22 to 76 meters! During the rainy season, the river rises about 16 meters more. Big ocean ships can sail about 1,800 miles upstream (向上游). Smaller ships can sail 1,000 miles farther. What's the most bloodthirsty fish in the world? No. It's not the shark. It's the Amazon's piranha. It is only about 10 cm to 20 cm long. It has sharp teeth. Thousands travel in a group. No animal can swim across the river. A 1,000-pound horse would be just bones ( 骨 头 ) in three minutes. Are you planning a trip to the Amazon? Here's a piece of advice. Leave your swimsuit at home! 1. After reading this passage it seems clear that _____. A. people do not drink the Amazon's water B. it would not be good to visit the Amazon during the rainy season C. sailing on the Amazon requires a knowledge of its current 2. The writer helps you understand how long the Amazon is by _____. A. telling how long the Nile is B. comparing it to a distance (距离) on land C. comparing it with the Yangtze River 3. In Paragraph 4, the word "sharp" means "_____" in Chinese. A.锋利的 B.急剧的 C.强烈的 4.The passage mainly tells us _____. A. piranha in the Amazon B. traveling in the Amazon C. interesting facts about the Amazon 27. Wearing a white blouse, Ai-Da studies her subject and begins to draw. She looks like any artist at work. However, the "beep... beep... beep" noise from her arm gives her away. Ai-Da is, in fact, a robot. Ai-Da has been described as the world's "first AI (人工智能) robot artist". She takes her name from Ada Lovelace, the world's first female computer programmer. Scientists at Oxford University developed AI systems ( 系 统 ) for Ai-Da. The robot has cameras in her eyeballs. After she has studied a subject, she will use her left arm to draw. Now, Ai-Da can only use a pencil for sketches (素描). The plan is for her to paint. Ai-Da is not the first AI system to produce artworks. Since 2006, scientists have been developing software (软件) to turn photos into drawings. Last year, an artwork created using AI was sold in New York for $432 500. However, Ai-Da's human-like appearance brings something new to the field. In June, Ai-Da opened her first exhibition at Oxford. There were about 30 drawings by the robot. Ai-Da, standing next to her artworks, attracted (吸引) many visitors. Ai-Da's inventor, Aidan Meller, talked about the importance of the robot. "Ai-Da brings a new voice to the art world," she said. "AI is going to be the big thing of the 2020s. That influences us greatly." Meller hopes the exhibition was just the start and that more will follow to show how AI is influencing human life. 根据短文内容,判断下列句子正误。正确的用"A"表示,不正确的用"B"表示。 1.Ai-Da is a real artist who helps scientists at Oxford University develop AI systems. 2.Last year, scientists began to develop software to turn photos into drawings. 3.In June, Ai-Da opened her first exhibition at Oxford successfully. 4.Aidan Meller thinks AI is going to influence human life more and more greatly. 四、先通读短文,掌握其大意,然后从 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白 处的最佳答案,并将其标号填入题前括号内。 28. Thirty years ago, I walked into a bakery(面包厂) to buy some cakes to sell in the street. At that time, I was 12 years old. A kind lady served me that day. She gave me twenty 1 without taking my money and 2 me good luck. I took the cakes and went out to sell them. It took me all day, 3 I sold them all. And I made some money. I felt I was the 4 boy in the world when I walked home that evening. The next day, I went to a bike shop. I paid a deposit(订金) for a new 5 . And then I started my job as a newspaper delivery(投递) boy. Soon I could 6 the rest of the money for the bike and the bike was mine. I was so proud of myself. Today I 7 work in the delivery business. I have a truck to send things all over the country. I live in a beautiful house, but I don't ride a bike these days. I drive a nice large car. I don't know who that 8 was. But because she gave me the start, I have become a 9 man. I'd like to show my 10 to her. 1.A.eggs B.apples C.cakes D.flowers 2.A.asked B.wished C.said D.told 3.A.but B.if C.for D.or 4.A.unluckiest B.laziest C.happiest D.smartest 5.A.car B.truck C.bus D.bike 6.A.spend B.pay C.cost D.take 7.A.yet B.even C.ever D.still 8.A.boy B.man C.lady D.child 9.A.successful B.poor C.good D.bad 10.A.sorry B.thanks C.regrets D.love 答案以及解析 一、单选题 1.答案：A 解析：考查冠词。句意: 随身带一把雨伞。在下雨天它是一个有用的工具。两个空格都表示 泛指, 故都要用不定冠词。第一空后的 umbrella 的发音以元音音素开头, 故用不定冠词 an; 第二空后的 useful 的发音以辅音音素开头, 故用不定冠词 a。故选 A。 2.答案：C 解析：句意: —多么有用的一本书啊! 你在哪买的? —在一个欧洲国家。a 和 an 都是不定冠词, 修饰可数名词单数, 泛指"一个......", an 用于元音音素开头的单词前, a 用于辅音音素开头的 单词前。第一个空后的 useful 和第二个空后的 European 的第一个读音都是/j/, 为辅音音素, 应该用 a, 故选 C。 3.答案：C 解析：第一空考查短语 live a green life, 意为"过环保的生活"; 第二空考查 by bike, 意为"骑自 行车"。故选 C。 4.答案：C 解析：句意: 如果你想要在这个城市里短途骑行的话, 选择一辆共享单车吧。take a short ride 意为"短途骑行", 第一个空要用不定冠词 a; 第二个空泛指"一辆共享单车", 前面用不定冠词 a, 故选 C。 5.答案：B 解析：句意: —莉莉, 你觉得这个规则怎么样? —哦, 这真的是一个有用的规则, 这将有助于 控制新型冠状病毒的传播。第一空用不定冠词, 表示"一个", useful 的发音以辅音音素开头, 故用 a; 第二空固定短语 the spread of 意为"......的传播", 故选 B。 6.答案：A 解析：句意: —王医生是一个联合国儿童基金会的志愿者吗? —不是, 他是一个奥比斯的医生, 他已经为奥比斯工作了几年了。不定冠词 a/an—个, 通常用于泛指, a 用于辅音音素开头的单 词前, an 用于元音音素开头的单词前。故选 A。 7.答案：B 解析：句意: 张先生是一个成功的领导者, 但他在教学方面没有经验。a success 意为"一个成 功的人; 一件成功的事"; experience 作"经验"讲时, 是不可数名词。故选 B。 8.答案：A 解析：本题考查介词的用法。明亮的阳光透过窗户照进了房间。through 意为"透过（窗户、 玻璃等）"，符合题意。 9.答案：D 解析：考查介词辨析。句意: 中国于 2020 年 6 月 23 日从西昌卫星发射中心发射了北斗卫星 导航系统的最后一颗卫星。"在具体某一天"用介词 on 表达。故选 D。 10.答案：D 解析：句意：人没有水就不能生存。考查介词辨析，of……的；for 为了；from 来自； without 没有，根据句意“人不能生存水”，结合常识可知没有水，人难以生存，用 without 符合题意， 故选 D 11.答案：C 解析：考查介词辨析。句意: 你是乘火车进行丝绸之路旅行的吗? 是的, 火车很棒, 就像车 轮上的宾馆, 我需要的它都有。根据火车和车轮的关系, 用介词 on 表示"在......上面", 符合 句意。故选 C。 12.答案：C 解析：句意: —刚才你为什么把梯子靠在墙上? —因为我想在墙上挂一张地图。opposite 对面 的, 在......对面; from 从......开始; against 反对, 与......相反, 紧靠; above 在......上面。根据句意 可知选 C。 13.答案：B 解析：句意: 众所周知, 每个人出生就具有学习能力。短语 be born with...意为"生来具有......"; 第二个空后是动词 learn 的原形, 不可接介词 by, 只能接 to, 一起构成动词不定式短语作定 语, 修饰 ability。故选 B。 14.答案：A 解析：句意: 他的观点和你的相似, 但和朱莉娅的不同。be similar to...和......相似; be different from...和......不同。故选 A。 15.答案：C 解析：考查方位介词的用法。句意: —很多医生和护士在二月份去了武汉。—湖北离黑龙江 远, 它在中国南部, 河南南部。方位介词 in 表示"在......里", 表示在某个范围之内; to 表示" 在范围之外", 不相邻; on 表示接壤。湖北是中国的一个省份, 故第一个空填介词 in; 根据地 理常识可知, 湖北与河南接壤, 故第二个空填介词 on。故选 C。 二、填空题 16.答案：across 17.答案：to 18.答案：in 19.答案：of 20.答案：below 21.答案：an 22.答案：The 23.答案：a 24.答案：a; a 25.答案：the; a 三、阅读理解 26.答案：1-4 CBAC 解析：1.推理判断题。由第二段第五、六句"The force of its current (水流) is great too. The current can be seen 200 miles out in the sea."可知，亚马逊河流的水流非常急；结合第三段内 容可推知，在亚马逊河上航行时需要对其水流有一定的了解。故选C。 2.细节理解题。由第一段最后一句"It is longer than a road going from New York City to San Francisco."可知，作者将陆地上从纽约到旧金山的距离与亚马逊河的长度作对比来帮助读者 更好地了解亚马逊河的长度。故选B。 3.词义猜测题。由最后一段倒数第四句"A 1,000-pound horse would be just bones (骨头) in three minutes."可知，一匹重1,000磅的马三分钟内就会被食人鱼吃得只剩骨头。由此可推知， 画线词所在句表示它有着锋利的牙齿。因此sharp应意为"锋利的"。故选A。 4.主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段第五句"The Amazon is also the second longest river in the world."可知，本文主要介绍了一些关于亚马逊河的有趣事实。故选C。 27.答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.A; 4.A 解析：1.细节理解题。由第一段最后一句"Ai-Da is, in fact, a robot."可知，Ai-Da实际上是一个 机器人，而不是真正的艺术家。这句话的表述是错误的。故选B。 2.细节理解题。由第三段第二句"Since 2006, scientists have been developing software（软件） to turn photos into drawings."可知，自2006年以来，科学家们一直在研发可以将照片转换成 画作的软件。这句话的表述是错误的。故选B。 3.推理判断题。由第四段第一句"in June, Ai-Da opened her first exhibition at Oxford."可知，6 月，Ai-Da成功地在牛津举办了她的第一次展览。这句话的表述是正确的。故选A。 4.细节理解题。由最后一段内容尤其是第三、四句"AI is going to be the big thing of the 2020s. That influences us greatly."可知，Aidan Meller认为，未来人工智能将更大程度地影响人们的 生活。这句话的表述是正确的。故选A。 四、完形填空 28. 答案：1-5 CBACD 6-10 BDCAB 解析：1.考查上下文联系。从上文中的"to buy some cakes"可知她给了我一些蛋糕。故选 C。 2.考查动词词义辨析。ask 询问; wish 希望; say 说; tell 告诉。wish sb. good luck 意为"祝某人好 运", 故选 B。 3.考查连词词义辨析。上文意为"卖蛋糕花费我一整天的时间", 后文意为"我卖掉了所有的蛋 糕", 由此可知两者为转折关系, 用 but。故选 A。 4.考查形容词词义辨析。unlucky 不幸的; lazy 懒惰的; happy 幸福的; smart 聪明的。他卖掉了 所有的蛋糕, 赚到了钱, 由此可知他觉得自己是世界上最幸福的男孩。故选 C。 5.考查上下文的联系。根据上句中的"a bike shop"以及下文中的"the bike was mine"可知, 他去 商店为一辆新自行车付了订金。故选 D。 6.考查动词词义辨析。spend 的主语为人, 常用短语为 spend...on...; pay 的主语为人, 常用短 语为 pay...for...; cost 的主语为物; take 的主语通常为 it, 句型结构为"It takes/took sb some time to do sth."。根据主语 I 和后面的介词 for 可知选 B。 7.考查副词词义辨析。句意: 现在我依旧在递送公司工作。yet 还; even 甚至; ever 曾经; still 仍然。结合句意可知选 D。 8.考查上下文的联系。根据第一段中的"A kind lady"可知作者一直感谢那位帮助他的女士。故 选 C。 9.考查形容词词义辨析。successful 成功的; poor 贫困的; good 好的; bad 坏的。作者有了事业, 有了房子, 开上了大汽车, 由此可知他是个成功的男人, 故选 A。 10.考查名词词义辨析。上文讲述这位女士对作者人生的巨大帮助, 由此可知他想要向她表达 感谢。故选 B。