高三英语二轮语法复习--代词与it的用法

高考语法复习--代词与 it 的用法 自主探究 代 词 Ⅰ.代词的概念： 代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。 Ⅱ.代词可以分为以下八大类 1 人称 代词 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you(你们), they 宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you(你们), them 2 物主 代词 形容词性物主代词 my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their 名词性物主代词 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 3 反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 4 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, some 5 疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever 6 关系代词/连接代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 7 不定代词 one, some/any, each/every, none/no, many/much, few/little/a few/a little, other/another, all/both, neither/either 8 相互代词 each other, one another Ⅲ.不定代词用法注意点 类别 区别 例句 some 和 any some 可用于疑问句中，表示 盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表 示建议、请求等 — Your coffee smells great! — It's from Mexico.Would you like some? some 和 any 修饰可数名词单 数时，some 表示“某个”， any 表示“任何一个” John, some student is waiting for you downstairs. If you're interested in any one of the books on the shelf, I'll buy and send it to you as a gift. some 多用于肯定句，any 多用 If there are any new magazines 于疑问句和否定句 in the library, take some for me. He doesn't have any furniture in his room. each 和 every each 强调个别，代表的数可以 是两个或两个以上；而 every 强调整体，所指的数必须是三 个或三个以上 Each (of us) has a dictionary. ＝We each have a dictionary. Every student has strong and weak points./Every one of us has strong and weak points. none 和 no no 等于 not any，作定语；none 作主语或宾语，代替不可数名 词，谓语用单数，代替可数名 词，谓语单复数皆可 There is no water in the bottle. — How much water is there in the bottle? — None. None of the students are/is afraid of difficulties. other 和 another other 泛指“另外的，别的”， 常与其他词连用，如：the other day, every other week, no other way; the other 特指两者中的 另外一个，复数为 the others Both sides have accused the__other of breaking the contract. Two students in our class failed, but all the__others passed the exam. another 指“又一个，另一 个”，无特定所指，复数形式 是 others，泛指“别的人或 事” He went back to work too soon, and was laid up(病倒) for another three months. This route to Boston takes too long. There must be others(＝ other routes) that are shorter than this one. 续表 类别 区别 例句 either 和 neither either 指“两者(中任何一方) 都”；neither 指“两者(中任 何一方)都不” — Do you want tea or coffee? — Either,__I really don't mind. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which neither of the parents spoke the language. Ⅳ.替代词的用法 代词 用法 例句 one 替代上文出现的“同类”事 物，但不是“同一”事物，泛 指同类事物中的一个，所替代 的名词必须是可数名词。代替 可数名词复数时用 ones I have lost my umbrella. I think I must buy one. There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. the one 替代前面提到的单数名词，表 示特指。有时可用 that 替代(尤 其是在有后置定语的情况 下)。代替可数名词复数时用 the ones The book on the desk is better than the__one under the desk. that 替代上文出现的“同类”事 物，表示特指，其后常跟介词 短语作后置定语；所替代的名 词可以是不可数名词，也可以 是可数名词。代替可数名词复 数时用 those The weather here is colder than that of Hunan. The apples you bought are cheaper than those I bought. it 替代上文出现的“同一”事 物，被替代的名词可以是可数 名词，也可以是不可数名词 (一般来说，it 指代同类同物； one 与 that 则指代同类异物) I have lost my umbrella. I'm looking for it. (句中 it 就是指 前面的 my umbrella) it 的用法 it 作人 称代词 指事物：作为人称代词，it 可指除人以外的 一切事物或动物 I dropped my watch and it broke. 指人：主要用于指性别不明的婴儿或用于确 认某人的身份 There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 代替某些代词：代词 it 还可用于代替指示代 词 this, that 以及复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing 等 Nothing is wrong, is it? it 作非 人称代词 it 用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温 度等自然现象 It's too late to go there now. 常用句型： It's time for sth. 该做某事了 It's time (for sb.) to do sth.到(某人)该做某事的 时候了 It's (about/high) time＋that从句 某人该做某 事了(从句谓语用过去式，或“should＋动词 原形”，should 不可省略) It's the＋序数词＋time＋that从句 某人第几 次干某事(从句谓语用现在完成时) It＋be＋时间段＋since从句 自从……有一段 时间了 It＋be＋时间段＋before从句 过多长的时间 才…… It's the first time that she has seen an elephant. 这是她第一次看见大象。 It was many years since I enjoyed myself like this.我已有多年没有这么开心了。 It will be five years before we meet again. 5 年 后我们才会见面。 it 作形 式主语 当不定式、动名词、从句等作句子主语时， 为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句 末，而在句首使用形式主语 it It is hard for him to make up his mind. It's unknown when he will come. 作形式主语的常用句型： It ＋ be ＋ adj.＋for (of) sb. to do sth. 某人 做某事…… It takes sb. ＋ 时间段 ＋ to do sth. 某人做 某事花……时间 It is up to sb. to do sth. 该由某人做某事；由某 人决定做某事 It looks (seem, appear, happen, occur) that (as if)…似乎…… If it were not for…/If it hadn't been for…若不 是因为…… It happened that I was out when he called. If it were not for their help, we couldn't get over the difficulties. 续表 it 作形 式宾语 当不定式、动名词、从句等作 宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语 时，通常会在宾语补足语前使 用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语 放在句末。其基本结构为“动 词＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式 (动名词或从句)” I find it difficult to do the job well. I think it best that you should stay here. We think it no use complaining. it 作模 糊指代 作模糊指代的特殊结构： 动词＋it＋that从句 动词＋it＋when (if)从句 动词＋prep.＋it＋that从句 动词＋it＋介词短语＋that从 句 I hate it when that happens.我 讨厌发生这种事。 See to it that you're not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。 I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活 着。