英语 24 字整体教学
强化训练 习题精做 名校名师整理材料 助同学们一臂之力 1
互动课堂
词汇梳理
1. discovery n. 发现；发觉
【观察示例】
The country became rich following the discovery of oil.
在发现石油以后，这个国家变得很富有。
The researchers have made a number of important discoveries.
研究人员已有许多重要发现。
【归纳拓展】
discovery 作名词有两个重要意思：发现；发现的人或物。
【特别提示】
作“发现”讲时是不可数名词，作“发现物”讲时是可数名词。常与动词 make 连用，make
an important discovery 意思是“有重大发现”。
动词为 discover。
The drug is not a new discovery—it has been known about for years.
这种药并不是什么新发现——人们多年前对它已有所了解。
2. abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的
【观察示例】
The road is full of abrupt turns.
这条路有很多急转弯。
The meeting came to an abrupt end.
会议突然结束了。
A man with an abrupt manner is not welcome here.
举止粗鲁的人在这里不受欢迎。
【归纳拓展】
abrupt 的意思为“突然的；意外的；粗鲁的”。其副词为 abruptly，名词为 abruptness，不
可数。
3. convenient adj. 便利的；方便的
【观察示例】
They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.
它们突然消失在附近的一个墙洞中。
Will 3 o’clock be convenient for you?
三点钟对你方便吗？
I’m afraid this isn’t a convenient moment to see you.
我想这个时候见你恐怕不大合适。
Our house is very convenient for the shops.
我们的房子离商店很近。
【特别提示】
作“近便的”讲时后常跟 for。
其反义词为 inconvenient，副词为 conveniently，名词为 convenience。
convenience 作“便利”讲时是不可数名词，当“便利的设施”讲时是可数名词。
4. expectation n. 预料；期待；期望
【观察示例】
This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again.
英语 24 字整体教学
强化训练 习题精做 名校名师整理材料 助同学们一臂之力 2
这是因为我预料到蛇还会咬人。
He has little expectation of passing the exam.
他对考试及格不抱希望。
I usually enjoy his films, but the latest one didn’t come up to my expectations.
我向来喜欢看他的电影，但最近的一部并不像我期望得那样好。
There was a general expectation that he would win.
普遍认为他会获胜。
【归纳拓展】
expectation 其意思为“期望；期待”，是不可数名词。其动词为 expect。
【特别提示】
expectation 意思为“期望的事物、前景”时，常用复数。
beyond expectation 出乎意料
in expectation of 预料
against expectation(s)与预期相反
in expectation 在指望中；期望着
5. passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的
【观察示例】
I collected the passive snakes and the next day we released them all back into the wild.
我把那些无法抵抗的蛇收集起来，并且第二天把它们放归到野外。
They received the news of their defeat with passive resignation.
他们以无可奈何的消极心态接受了失败的消息。
How can you be so passive? Why don’t you do something about it?
你怎么能如此消极呢？为什么不采取点措施呢？
【归纳拓展】
passive 形容词，其意思为“消极的,被动的，不抵抗的”。
【特别提示】
其反义词为 active。
passive/active voice 被动/主动语态。
6. bear n. 熊 v. 忍受；忍耐；负担
【观察示例】
A brown bear was trapped in a cave.
一只棕熊被困在山洞里。
She bore the pain with great courage.
她非常勇敢地忍受了痛苦。
I can’t bear being kept waiting.
我无法忍受人家让我长时间地等候。
I couldn’t bear to listen any longer, so I left the room.
我实在听不下去了，便离开了房间。
【归纳拓展】
can’t bear to do sth. 和 can’t bear doing sth. 都可以，但一般情况下不定式表示某一次动
作，而 can’t bear doing sth.表示习惯性动作。
7. mess n. 脏乱的状态；杂乱
【观察示例】
There’s a lot of mess to clear up.
英语 24 字整体教学
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有许多脏东西要清理。
This room is in a mess.
这房间杂乱不堪。
This illness makes a mess of my holiday plans.
这场病把我的假期计划打乱了。
He spent all day just messing about.
他整天只是混日子。
Stop messing about and tell me clearly what happened.
别闹了，告诉我到底发生了什么事！
His late arrival messed up our plans.
他的迟到把我们的计划打乱了。
【归纳拓展】
mess 作名词时，其义项为：杂乱；脏乱；脏东西；不整洁或乱七八糟的事。
mess 作动词时，其义项为：无所事事；混日子；胡闹。
【特别提示】
mess 多与不定冠词连用，但不用复数。make a mess of 为“扰乱；弄乱”，mess up 为动
词词组：“搞乱；搞糟”。mess about/around“无所事事”。
8. current n. （水或气）流；电流
adj. 现在的；当前的
【观察示例】
If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along
a wire.
如果声波能在电流中被复制，那它们就可以沿电线传送。
The current is the strongest in the middle of the river.
河中央的水流最急。
This button switches the current on.
这个电钮接通电流。
Most of the old are interested in current events.
大部分老年人都对时事感兴趣。
They are expecting profits of over $2 million in the current year.
他们期望今年的利润超过 200 万美元。
The word is no longer in current use.
这个词现已不再使用。
【归纳拓展】
current 作名词时意思为“气流；水流；洋流；电流”。
current 作形容词时,意思为“时下的；当今的；流行的；通用的”，和 modern, latest 意
思相近。
9. importance n. 重要（性）
【观察示例】
Bell was fully aware of the importance of his invention.
贝尔对他的发明的重要性有着清醒的认识。
How much importance do you attach to the latest events?
你对最近事件的重要性是如何看待的？
The real importance of this new law is the protection it gives to female workers.
英语 24 字整体教学
强化训练 习题精做 名校名师整理材料 助同学们一臂之力 4
这项新法令的真正重要意义在于它对女工所提供的保障。
【归纳拓展】
importance 作为名词，其主要义项为：重要；重大；某事或某人重要的原因。
importance 是不可数名词,其形容词为 important，be of importance=be important。
10. practical adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的
【观察示例】
Bell was in truth a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of
everybody’s life.
实际上，贝尔是一位孜孜不倦的探索者，他探究了许多可以提高人们生活质量的实用方
法。
She lacks practical experience.
她缺乏实际经验。
He is wearing a practical uniform which is comfortable and doesn’t show the dirt.
他穿着一种舒服而又耐脏很实用的制服。
【归纳拓展】
其反义词为 impractical；名词形式为 practice；动词为 practise/practice，其后若跟动词用
－ing 形式。
11. call up 给……打电话；使……回忆起
【观察示例】
When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.
当我给在乡下的妈妈打电话时，她正感到心烦。
I call you up this evening.
今晚我给你打电话。
The music calls old times.
音乐让人回想起旧日时光。
This old photo calls up memories of my childhood.
这老照片引起我对童年的回忆。
【规则提示】
call up 后的宾语如果是代词，此代词应放在 call 和 up 之间；如果是具体的人或物，放
在 call 和 up 之间或 up 之后均可。
I called her up.
I called the girl up.
=I called up the girl.
call up 作“打电话”讲时可用 ring up 代替。
look back on/to sth.也当“回忆；记起”讲，其主语一般为“人”，而 call up 的意思是“使……
回忆起”，主语为“物”。
【拓展】
call on sb.拜访……
call at (a place) 参观……
call off 取消
call on sb. to do sth.号召某人做某事
call in 打电话来；召来（服务）
call for 需要/去接
12. in case 以防万一；假使
英语 24 字整体教学
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【观察示例】
Take your coat in case it rains.
拿着雨衣以防下雨。
I’ll cook plenty of potatoes just in case(they decide to stay for dinner) .
我打算多煮些马铃薯，以备万一（他们决定留下来吃饭）。
In case they are late, they will have no food for lunch.
假使他们来晚了，他们便没有午饭吃了。
【规则提示】
in case of 后加名词或代词，意思为“要是……；在……的时候”。
如：In case of fire, ring the bell.如发生火灾，请速接铃。而 in case 后跟条件状语从句，
应注意用一般时态替代将来时。
in this case 如果这样的话
in that case 如果那样的话
in any case 无论如何
in no case 决不，任何情况下都不
13. dive into 跳水（头朝下）；将手伸入……中；（对活动、问题等）全心投入，潜心
研究
【观察示例】
Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods.
偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。
The boy dived into the river from the bridge.
这男孩从桥上跳入河中。
He dived into his pocket and pulled out a quarter.
他将手伸入口袋中取出一枚 25 美分的硬币。
He dived into/in the history of China.
他潜心研究中国历史。
【规则提示】
dive into 作“潜心于……”讲时和 devote oneself to sth.的意思一样，但 devote oneself to sth.
还有“投身于……；把自己奉献给……”的意思。
14. set out to do sth.为了某个目标而努力
【观察示例】
Bell never set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple
telegraph.
贝尔从来没打算去发明电话，他所努力去设计的是一种复合电报。
He set out to break the record for the channel swim.
他决心打破游过海峡的记录。
They set out to examine the ship.
他们着手检查这艘船。
【规则提示】
set out to do sth.和 set about doing sth.的意思一样。
set out for=set off for=leave for 意为“出发到哪里去”。
15. hang on 不挂断；紧握住
【观察示例】
Hang on(to the trap) and the bus is about to start.
英语 24 字整体教学
强化训练 习题精做 名校名师整理材料 助同学们一臂之力 6
抓紧（皮圈），公共汽车就要开动了。
I’m afraid the line is busy, would you like to hang on?
电话恐怕占线，你能再等一会儿吗？
I know you’re tired, but try to hang on a bit longer .
我知道你累了，但是再坚持一会儿吧。
【规则提示】
hang on 作“别挂断，坚持”讲时和 hold on 的用法一样。
Hold on a minute，I’ll just get a pen.
请稍等，我拿一枝笔来。
Try and hold on until help arrives.
想办法坚持到有人来帮助。
hang up 的意思是“挂断电话”。
I was so angry that I hang up on him.
我一气之下挂断了他的电话。
16. get through 设法联系上（尤指打电话）；（设法）做完；通过（考试）；用完；用
光；使（成功）
【观察示例】
I can’t get through.
我接不通（电话）。
We were all delighted when we heard you had got through(your exam).
听到你（考试）及格时，我们都很高兴。
We got through a whole chicken at one sitting.
我们一次吃了一只鸡。
The government managed to get the new law through.
政府想法使新法案通过。
【规则提示】
get sth.through 把……向某人讲清楚
Her father has been trying to get it through to her that she must work harder if she wants to
pass the exam.
她父亲一直试图使她明白，如果她想通过考试，就必须更加努力。
go through 也可以指“使法律通过”，但指“通过考试”常用 get through。
17. ring back（给……）再打电话；回复电话
【观察示例】
I told him you weren’t in, so he said he’d ring back later.
我对他说你不在，于是他便说晚些时候再（给你）来电话。
I didn’t get through just now but soon he rang back.
刚才我没接通（电话），但很快他就打了回来。
【规则提示】
ring off 挂断 ring up 给……打电话
ring to/with 回响
The courtyard rang with/to their shouts.
他们的呼喊在院子里回荡。
ring round 给许多人打电话，遍打电话
She rang round to tell all her friend the news.
英语 24 字整体教学
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18. get down to 开始认真对待……；开始认真干……
【观察示例】
This time when I got down to examine the snakes I found them very sleepy.
这次当我认真检查那些蛇的时候，我发现它们都昏昏欲睡。
It’s hard to get down to work after a nice holiday.
度过愉快的假日之后，很难一下子认真投入工作。
I really must get down to filling in my tax form.
我真的要认真填写报税表了。
【规则提示】
get down to 中 to 是介词，其后应跟名词、代词或动词的－ing 形式。
set out to do 中的 to 为不定式符号，其意思是“为……目标而努力”，而 get down to 的意
思为“着手认真地去干……”。
基础示例
1．1）同义句转换
The scientist discovered a lot of new things about the matter of the universe.
The scientist__________ a lot of __________about the matter of the universe.
答案：made; discoveries
2）完成句子
The__________（发现）of the new land made us surprised and excited.
答案：discovery
3)单项填空
Gilbert __________electricity and Edison __________the electric light bulb.
A. invented; discovered
B. discovered; invented
C. invented; invented
D. discovered; discovered
提示：invent 意思为“发明”；创造出原来并不存在的东西；discover“发现，看出，显示”，
原来已经存在的东西（但尚未为人所知）被发现，如矿产、事实等。
答案：B
2．完成句子
(1）An__________（突然的）change of policy made everything up.
(2）Our communication was__________（突然地）interrupted.
(3）The__________（意外突然）of his appearance made a mess of our plan.
(4）His__________（粗鲁的）speech made all the audiences angry.
答案：(1)abrupt
(2)abruptly
(3)abruptness
(4)abrupt
3．1）完成句子
We bought this house for its__________（方便）：it is very__________（方便）for the library
and it has lots of __________（便利设施）.
答案：convenience; convenient; conveniences
2)单项填空
Come and see me whenever__________ .
英语 24 字整体教学
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A. you are convenient
B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you
D. it will be convenient to you
提示：判断 whenever 引导时间状语从句后根据时间、条件状语从句中要用一般时态代
替将来时态去掉 B、D 两项；convenient 的主语一般为物或用于结构 It is convenient to sb./for
sb.to do sth.中。
答案：C
4．单项填空
（1）We thought John would do well, but he has succeeded__________ .
A. in our expectation of
B. beyond our expectation
C. against expectation
D. in our expectations of
提示：句意为“我们预料到约翰会做得不错，但他做得更加超乎预料”。
答案：B
（2）He closed the windows__________rain.
A. in the expectation of
B. in expectations of
C. in the expectations of
D. in expectation of
提示：句意为“他预计会有雨，（所以）关上了窗户”。
答案：D
（3）I thought I could get the patent, but__________expectations, I didn’t.
A .in B. against
C. out D. beyond
提示：句意为“我预计会得到专利，但正相反，我没有得到”。
答案：B
5．英译汉
（1）Although I tried my best to encourage the boy, he remained passive.
______________________________________________________________________
（2）Our army put the enemies in a passive position.
______________________________________________________________________
（3）Can you change the passive voice sentence into an active voice one?
______________________________________________________________________
（4）He played a passive role in the relationship.
______________________________________________________________________
答案：
(1)尽管我尽力去鼓励那个孩子，可他仍然很消极。
(2)我们使敌人处于被动状态。
(3)你能把这被动语态的句子变成主动形式吗？
(4)他在他们的关系中处于被动地位。
6．单项填空
（1）I can’t bear him__________her.
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A. married to B. to marry
C. marrying D. have married
提示：句意为“我不能忍受他娶了她”。marry 是一次具体动作，而非常态动作。
答案：B
（2）I can’t beara__________lone.
A. living
B. live
C. having been lived
D. lived
提示：句意为“我难以忍受一人独住”。Live alone 是一个表示长期动作或状态的常态
动词。
答案：A
7．完成句子
（1）He is always （无所事事）doing nothing.
提示：句意为“他总是无所事事”。doing nothing 作伴随状语。
答案：messing/around about
（2）The workmen cleaned up （所有肮脏东西）before they left.
答案：all the mess
（3）The unexpected stranger__________（弄成一团糟）of the party.
提示：句意为“不速之客把聚会搞砸了”。
答案：made a mess
（4）The unexpected stranger__________the party__________（弄糟）.
答案：messed, up
8．英译汉
(1）current coin/money
(2）current opinion/beliefs
(3）the current year
(4）the current issue of magazine
(5）a cold current of air
(6）currents moving through a wire
(7）the current events
(8）the current fashion
(9）the current of a river
(10）the current of public opinion
答案：
(1)流通货币
(2)时下的观点
(3)今年
(4)杂志的最近一期
(5)寒流
(6)电流
(7)时事
(8)时装
(9)河里的水流
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(10)当前公众的观点
9．1）完成句子
(1）The matter is of great__________（重要）.
(2）Education has lots of__________（重要性）.
答案：
(1)importance
(2)importance
2）单项填空
He made another important discovery, of great importance to science__________.
A. which I guess is
B. which I guess it is
C. which I guess it
D. I guess which is
提示：从选项结构看，应是 which 引导的定语从句，引导词应在前面，去掉 D 项；把 I
guess 看成插入语，去掉缺动词的 C 项，which 在从句中作主语。B 项中 it 多余。
答案：A
10．单项填空
(1)The machine is too complex to be__________.
A. impractical B. practical
C. practice D. practise
提示：句意为“这个机器太过复杂而不实用”。
答案：B
（2)The musician has been used to__________.
A. practise playing piano every morning
B. practise playing the piano every morning
C. practicing playing the piano every morning
D. practicing playing piano every morning
提示：be used to 意思是“习惯于”；practise “练习”；都在后面接 v.－ing 作宾语；乐器
前加定冠词。
答案：C
11．单项填空
（1）When I __________Tom, he was doing some shopping.
A. called on B. called up
C. called off D. called over
提示：call on 可以后接 sb.但填入后的意思“我去拜访他”与主句“他正在买东西”构不成
合理情景。
答案：B
（2）The film__________scenes of childhood.
A. looked back on B. looked back to
C. called up D. called out
提示：句意为“这部电影（让人）想起少年时的情景”，主语是物。
答案：C
（3）The government__________the army to help put out the forest fire.
A. called on B. called up
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C. called in D. called out
提示：句意为“政府调集军队帮助扑灭森林大火”。call on 在此处含义不贴切。
答案：C
（4）—Hello, this is Tom speaking.
—Hi, Tom, please stay at home. I’ll __________you at five o’clock and we’ll go
shopping.
A. call at B. call for
C. call out D. look for
提示：句中两处关键信息 stay at home 和 we’ll go shopping 中间缺乏“相会”环节，所以
选择 call for sb.“去接某人”。look for 是“寻找”，而已知 Tom 在家，不必寻找。
答案：B
12．1）完成句子
（1）__________（不管怎样）I shall return in a day or two.
（2）I’ve got the key__________（以防）we want to go inside.
（3）__________（无论如何都不）are you to leave your post.
（4）__________（如果那样的话）I have no more to say.
答案：
(1)In any case
(2)in case
(3)In no case
(4)In that case
2）单项填空
I had to go to work, in__________case my child would always live with his
grandmother.
A. this B. that
C. which D. /
提示：which 代表主句，引导定语从句。
答案：C
13．单项填空
（1）He__________the bag and brought out two red apples .
A. put into B. dragged into
C. dived into D. caught into
提示：A 项应为 put his hand into, B、D 两项不存在。
答案：C
（2）He__________his career and made a great contribution to our country.
A. dived himself into
B. devoted himself to
C. dived in
D. devoted to
提示：dive 是不及物动词，去掉 A；而 devote 是及物动词。
答案：B
14．单项填空
（1）At dawn, they set__________to get ready for the work of the day.
A. off B. about
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C. out D. in
提示：set off 后接 for 或状语，set about 后接 v.－ing 形式，set out 后接不定式，意为“动
身去做……”。
答案：C
（2）They set__________at about 8 o’clock.
A. about to work
B. about to working
C. about working
D. out work
答案：C
15．1）单项填空
（1）He hung__________until the rope broke.
A. down B. to
C. on D. up
提示：句意为“他抓住绳子，直到它断裂”。
答案：C
（2）It’s hard work, but if you__________on long enough you’ll succeed.
A. insist B. hang
C. stick D. go
提示：句意为“这份工作不好干，但只要你坚持下去肯定会成功”。insist on/go on 后接
v.－ing。stick 连用介词 to。
答案：B
2）同义句转换
Please don’t ring off. I still have something to tell you.
Please don’t __________ __________. I still have something to tell you.
答案：hang up
16．1）单项填空
(1）—It’s a good idea. But who’s going to__________the plan?
—I think Tom and Greg will.
A. get through B. carry out
C. go through D. carry on
提示：句意为“计划不错，但谁来执行？”carry out 意为“执行；实践”；go through 意思
为“穿过”；carry on 意思为“坚持干；继续做”。
答案：B
(2）Tom failed but his sister__________in the exam.
A. went through
B. pass through
C. got through
D. succeeded through
提示：D 项应去掉 through; pass through 意思为“经过；路过”。
答案：C
17．完成句子
(1）I__________（给她打电话）for several times but I couldn’t get through.
(2）He （挂断电话）before I could say a word.
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(3）You should not （遍打电话）to ask them such a silly question.
答案：(1)rang her up
(2)hung up
(3)ring around
18．单项填空
(1 ） Jerry did research in that field for a long time. He__________invent something
useful.
A. got down to
B. hoped himself to
C. set out to
D. devoted himself to
提示：A、D 两项中 to 为介词，后接 n., pron., v.－ing 或宾语从句；B 项不存在，
可以说 hope to do 或 wish sb. to do。
答案：C
(2）After a wonderful travel, he got down to__________ a book about it.
A. write B. to write
C. have written D. writing
答案：D
重难突破
1.seem to do/seem(to be)/seem like/as if/It seems that...似乎……
【观察示例】
They seem to have made their home there.
他们似乎在那安了家。
There only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.
似乎只有一些设计好用来杀死蛇的药末。
Things are not always what they seem(to be).
事物并非总是与表象一致。
It would seem that there is no way out of our difficulty.
我们似乎无法摆脱困境。
It seems like years since I last saw you.
似乎有多年没见你了。
It seems(as if)there will be an election soon.
似乎不久就要进行选举了。
【规则提示】
seem to do sth.“似乎要做……”，有各种时 态，如 ：
seem to do sth.
seem to be doing sth.
seem to have done sth.
seem like 后一般跟名词，seem as if 后跟句子，有时 as if 可省略。
seem 后跟从句时，主语一般用 it。
seem to be + adj. 结构中，to be 可以省略。
2.It was/is...that/who...强调句型
【观察示例】
It was this exploring around problems that led to his most famous invention —the
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telephone in 1876.
就是对问题地不断探索在 1876 年成就了他最著名的发明——电话。
It was not until five days later that Bell sent the first telephone message to his assistant,
Watson.
在（专利给予他）五天之后贝尔才向他的助手华生发出了第一个电话信息。
It is in the city that you are going to pay a visit to that this kind of beer is produced.
这种啤酒是在你将要去参观的那个城市里生产出来的。
It is the school and the teachers that they often talk about.
他们经常谈论的是学校和老师。
【规则提示】
强调句型中被强调的对象可以是名词、代词，也可以是介词短语。
It is/was...that/who...如果被去掉，句子仍然成立。但上文的第二个例句中若去掉 It was
和 that，主句则需倒装。
要特别注意含有定语从句的强调句型，如上文的第三个例句中前面一个 that 引导句子作
city 的定语从句，可以换成 which，也可以省略。后面的 that 才是强调句型中的 that，不可
省略。
3. 倒装句
【观察示例】
Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.
只有你已经获得了那种认证，你才能说你是一个真正的发明者。
Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really
is different from everybody else’s.
直到调查表明你的产品确实与其他人的不同，你才能得到专利。
Only the students in Class 3 can do the exercises.
只有三班的同学才能做这些练习。
Never can you pass the exam if you don’t devote yourself to your study.
如果你不全心全意地去学习，你是不能通过考试的。
Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing.
这回我有机会表现一下自己了，我要发明某种东西。
Here comes the bus!
汽车来了！
【规则提示】
以 only 开头的句子，如果 only 修饰的是句子的状语，则句子的主句要部分倒装，但当
only 修饰句子的主语时不倒装。
以否定词 no, not, never, hardly, seldom 等开头的句子，句子的主句要部分倒装。
以 here, there, away, out 等副词开头的句子常完全倒装。但主语为代词时部分倒装，
如 Here you are！（给你。）而不是 Here are you.
活学巧用
1．1)同义句转换
（1）He seems to know everything.
_________ _________ _________ he knows everything.
（2）What he had done sounded reasonable.
What he had done_________ _________ _________ reasonable.
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（3）It seems as if he has been at the scene of the crime.
He seems_________ _________ _________ at the scene of the crime.
答案：(1)It seems that
(2)seemed to be
(3)to have been
2)单项填空
You’d better tell Mum the truth—she seems_________ told everything.
A. to be B. to have been
C. to have D. that has been
提示：seem 是人作主语时后不加从句，去掉 D 项；据情景“母亲已经被告知”，所以不
定式的动作应该是被动和完成。
答案：B
2.1）汉译英
（1）在公园里你遇到的就是我。
______________________________________________________
（2）就是在公园里你遇到了我。
______________________________________________________
答案：
(1）It was me who you met in the park.
(2）It was in the park that you met me.
2）填空题
（1）It was at 3 o’clock _________ I arrived.
（2）It was 3 o’clock _________ I arrived.
（3）It was in the room _________ you were born _________ we had a talk.
答案：（1）that
（2）when(引导定语从句)
（3）where ；when
3)同义句转换
Not until I had finished my homework did I go to bed.
It was_________ _________ I had finished my home-work_________ I went to bed.
I_________ go to bed _________ I had finished my homework.
答案：not until; that; didn’t; until
3.单项填空
（1）Only when your identity has been checked_________.
A. you are allowed in
B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allow in
D. will you be allowed in
提示：“only+状语”放在句首时用部分倒装，状语包括副词、状语从句等。
答案：D
（2）Not a single song_________ at yesterday’s party.
A. she sang B. sang she
C. did she sing D. she did sing
提示：否定副词（含半否定副词）放在句首时用部分倒装。
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答案：C
（3）Little_________ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
A. does he care B. did he care
C .he cares D. he cared
提示：little 在此处是副词“少”的意思，不是形容词“小”。
答案：B
语法精讲
过去分词作定语和状语
【观察示例】
Prepared with these findings. I decided on three possible approaches.
带着这些发现我作好了充分准备，决定了三种有可能的方法。
Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to send my invention to the patent office to
get recognition for my successful idea.
在朋友和亲戚的力劝下，我决定把我的发明送到专利办公室去，以便让我的成功想法获
得认可。
One day as he was experimenting with a straw joined to a deaf man’s ear, Bell noticed that
when he spoke into the ear, the straw drew sound waves on a piece of smoked glass.
一天，当他用一根连到聋人的耳朵上的管子做实验时，贝尔注意到当他对着（聋人的）
耳朵说话时，那管子把声波聚集到一块熏黑的玻璃片上。
All the broken doors and windows have been repaired.
所有的坏门窗都修好了。
Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.
带我们参观了实验室之后，又带我们参观了图书馆。
【规则提示】
过去分词作定语时，它与被修饰的词之间的在逻辑上是被动关系，即被修饰词是这个动
词所表动作的承受者。如果这个动词是不及物动词，其过去分词表示动作的完成。例如：
a fallen leaf 落下的树叶（表完成）
a broken cup 打碎了的杯子（表被动和完成）
过去分词修饰句子作状语时，它所修饰的句子的主语与其是逻辑上的被动关系。
单个分词作定语常放在被修饰词前面，分词短语常放在后面。
考题再现
单项填空
(1）（经典回放）___________more time, he’ll make a first class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give
C. Giving D. Given
提示：句意为“假以时日，他会成为一名一流的网球选手”。主句主语与作条件状语的分
词间有被动关系，表达为:if he is given more time。
答案：D
(2)（经典回放）Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ___________only to people with
specific knowledge.
A. being know B. having been know
C. to be known D. known
提示：空缺处部分作定语，把它化为定语从句可辨出时态，表达为 which is known to...
很显然没有必要使用将来时（C 项）、进行时（A 项）、完成进行时（B 项）的含义。
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答案：D
(3)（经典回放）___________in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in
the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded
C. Founded D. Founding
提示：found 与 Harvard 有动宾关系。（去掉 D 项），且不表与主句动作同时发生（去掉
A 项），选 B 项时句子缺乏连词。
答案：C
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