英语 24 字整体教学
强化训练 习题精做 名校名师整理材料 助同学们一臂之力 1
互动课堂
词汇梳理
1. differ vi. 不同；相异
【观察示例】
In pairs, look at these pictures and discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones
are man－made. Explain how they differ.
两人一组，观察图片并讨论哪些是自然无性繁殖，哪些是人工的。解释它们的区别。
Our views on the subject differ.
我们对这个问题见解不同。
Her method doesn’t differ much from mine.
她的方法跟我的没有很大不同。
Modern airplanes differ from early ones.
现代飞机跟早期的在很多方面有所不同。
I differ with him in how to solve the problem.
对于如何解决该问题，我跟他意见不一致。
They differ with each other on moral standards.
关于道德标准，他们的见解不同。
【归纳拓展】
differ 是不及物动词，主要有两个义项：不同，相异；不同意，意见相左。常见搭配有：
sb. differ from/with sb. on/about sth.; sth. differ from sth.; sth. and sth. differ in...
2. undertake vt. 着手；从事；承担
【观察示例】
The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course.
当然，这个过程很难实施。
The scientist undertakes the experiment.
科学家从事这项实验。
I can undertake the responsibility for the changes.
我愿意承担这项变革的责任。
The lawyer undertook a new case.
那个律师承接了一个新的案子。
【归纳拓展】
undertake 是及物动词，主要有两个义项：着手做，从事，进行；担任，承担，答应，
同意。
3. disturbing adj. 烦扰的
【观察示例】
Tom told us a disturbing piece of news.
汤姆告诉我们一则令人不安的消息。
The news from the front is very disturbing.
来自前线的消息令人极为不安。
It is very disturbing that there has been an increase in crime in the last six months.
过去六个月犯罪案件增加令人非常不安。
What disturbing news it is!
多么令人恐慌的消息!
【归纳拓展】
英语 24 字整体教学
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disturb vt. “扰乱；使不安；弄乱”。disturbed adj. “被扰乱的；动乱的；不安的”。
disturbing adj. “烦扰的”。
【特别提示】
现在分词表示“令人怎么样”，过去分词表示“被使得怎么样，感到怎么样”。如 ：
an interesting story 令人感兴趣的故事
an interested look 感到兴趣的表情
surprising news 令人吃惊的消息
surprised people （感到）惊奇的 人们
4. object v. 不赞成；反对
objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议
【观察示例】
On the other hand, Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact
on the media and public imagination.
另一方面，多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对，激发了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。
I feel a strong objection to getting up early.
我极不愿意早起。
Have you any objection to my opening the window?
你反对我打开窗子吗？
My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much.
我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。
We object to being treated like this.
我们抗议这种待遇。
I object to the plan.
我反对这项计划。
I’ll turn on the TV if you don’t object.
如果你不介意我就要开电视了。
I object that he is too young to take that position.
我提出反对意见他太年轻不适合那个职位。
They objected that he was too old for the job.
他们反对说他太老了不适合那份工作了。
【归纳拓展】
object 作不及物动词时后接介词 to 或 against。作及物动词时可接 that 引导的从句。
objection 作名词时，常与 have，take，feel 等连用构成词组：have objection to，take
objection to，feel objection to。
5. forbid vt. 禁止；不准
【观察示例】
Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human cloning.
政府开始感到不安，有许多政府禁止对克隆人的研究。
If you want to marry her,I won’t forbid you.
如果你要娶她，我不会禁止你。
Smoking should be forbidden in public places.
公共场所应禁止吸烟。
Her father forbid her to go out alone.
她父亲不许她单独外出。
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I forbid you entering my study.
我不许你进入我的书房。
You are all forbidden to leave.
你们都不准离开。
【归纳拓展】
forbid 是及物动词，常见的搭配有：
that
sth. sb.
sth. do tosb.
sth. doing
sth.
forbid
6. accumulate vt. & vi. 积累；聚积
【观察示例】
Some countries such as China and the UK continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant
medical aid that cloning could provide.
有些国家比如中国和英国继续收集克隆能提供丰富的医疗帮助的证据。
He accumulated a fortune by hard work.
他因努力工作而积蓄了一大笔财富。
The purpose of education is not just accumulating information.
教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。
Dust accumulated during my absence.
我不在期间灰尘积聚了起来。
【归纳拓展】
accumulate 可作及物动词和不及物动词,表示“收集；聚集；堆积”。另外 accumulation
n. 积聚。如：the accumulation of knowledge 意为“知识的积聚”。
7. retire vi. 退休；离开
【观察示例】
When he retired he would be able to look back on his life with great pleasure.
当他退休后将能够满怀喜悦地回顾他的生活。
He retired at the age of 65.
他 65 岁退休。
He will soon retire from the army.
他不久将退役。
The men went on talking while the ladies retired.
男人们继续交谈，而女士们退到了客厅。
She retired early that night.
那天晚上她睡得早。
He retired to his room.
他回到了自己的房间。
【归纳拓展】
retire 作不及物动词时有两个义项：退休，退役，退职；退出，退后，从餐厅回到客厅，
就寝（较 go to bed 正式）。
8. bother v. 打扰；操心
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n. 烦扰
【观察示例】
However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.
然而，她后来得了严重的肺病这个问题让科学家们感到烦恼。
Don’t bother yourself about me.
别为我担心。
Does the noise bother you much?
那噪音使你深感困扰吗？
—Shall I help you?
要我帮忙吗？
—Don’t bother. I’ll do it myself.
不用麻烦，我会自己做。
Don’t bother to call.
不用打电话来。
I found the house without any bother.
我毫不费事地找到了那座房子。
What a bother you are!
你真讨厌！
【归纳拓展】
bother 作及物动词表示“烦扰；打扰”，作不及物动词表示“麻烦；费事”，作名词表示“麻
烦；麻烦的事，引起麻烦的人”。构成的短语有 bother about sth./bother with sth./bother to do
sth.。
9. resist vt. 抵抗；对抗
【观察示例】
Others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to their children.
其他的将存活下来并传递给其后代抵抗这种疾病的能力。
They resisted the attack.
他们抵抗那次攻击。
She resisted being carried off.
她拒绝被带走。
The material resists water.
这材料是防水的。
She could not resist the temptation.
她无法抗拒那项诱惑。
【归纳拓展】
resist 作及物动词主要有三个义项：抵抗，对抗；抵挡，防止；（与 cannot， could not 连
用）无法抗拒，无法抵挡。
10. obtain vt. 获得；得到
【观察示例】
Meanwhile you will obtain a lot of information.
同时你将获得大量的知识。
She obtained her doctor’s degree in 1996.
她 1996 年获得博士学位。
The books can be obtained from the library.
英语 24 字整体教学
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这些书可以在图书馆里取得。
His achievement obtained him great fame.
他的成就使他获得很大的名声。
【归纳拓展】
obtain 指通过努力从特定的地方获得非常想要的东西，get 指得到，所取得的东西不一
定跟努力、意志有关， gain 指通过努力取得对自己有益或有价值的东西。
11. cast down 使沮丧
【观察示例】
Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illness were more appropriate to a
much older animal.
克隆科学家沮丧地发现多莉的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上。
He felt cast down when he discovered the fate of the breakthrough clone.
发现突破性克隆动物的命运使他很沮丧。
Don’t be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits.
不要这么沮丧，打起精神来！
【归纳拓展】
cast down 有两个义项：毁掉；使沮丧，另外，cast away“丢弃”，cast off “放弃；丢弃”，
cast out “赶走”。cast about/round for... “四处寻找”。
12. in favor of 赞成；有利于
【观察示例】
Is he in favour of cloning or against cloning?
他赞成还是反对克隆？
The score was 80 to 78 in favour of the guest team.
比分是 80 比 78，客队获胜。
The exchange rate is in our favour today.
今天的兑换率对我们有利。
【归纳拓展】
in favour of 意为“赞成，支持”,与 against 相对。
13. be bound to 注定；有义务做
【观察示例】
Dolly’s death, like her birth was bound to raise worries.
多莉的死和她的出生一样，注定要引起人们的忧虑。
The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.
明天天气一定会变好。
I feel bound to tell you that you are drinking too much.
我觉得有必要对你说，你喝得太多了。
【归纳拓展】
be bound to do sth.有两个义项：注定，一定会；有法律责任或义务做某事。
14. from time to time 有时；偶尔
【观察示例】
From time to time people suggest that the animals that have disappeared from the earth,
like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought back to life through cloning.
人们时常设想从地球上消失的动物，例如恐龙，有可能通过克隆技术使它们复活。
The car manufacturers changed the car modles from time to time.
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汽车制造商不时地改变车的型号。
He only comes to the company from time to time.
他只是偶尔到公司来。
He comes to see me from time to time.
他有时来看我。
【归纳拓展】
from time to time“有时，间或，偶尔”，相当于 occationally, now and then。
15. pay off （事业、计划等）成功
【观察示例】
You may find this hard at first, but it pays off when you come to speak.
开始你会觉得很难，但当你开始讲的时候，就会得到好处。
He paid off the crew of the ship.
他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。
In the end he paid off all his debts.
最终他还清了所有的债务。
【归纳拓展】
pay off 有三个义项：成功；付清薪水并解雇；偿还（债务等）。
基础示例
1．1)用介词 from, with, on, about, upon 或 in 填空
(1)We differ __________him __________that question.
提示:句意为“在那个问题上我们和他意见相左”。
答案：from; with/on/about/upon
(2)The two nations differ __________culture and religion.
提示:句意为“这两个国家在文化与宗教方面迥异”。
答案：in
(3)The climate here differ__________ that of the South.
提示:句意为“本地气候与南方气候大不相同”。
答案：from/with
2）单项填空
Thoughts of Westerners differ much __________Oriental(东方人) in a number of ways.
A. between B. between those
C. from D. from those of
答案：D
2.1）完成下列句子
(1)He will__________ __________ __________ (去旅行) next month.
(2)He__________ __________ __________ __________ (承担一项新任务).
答案：(1) undertake a journey
(2) undertook a new task
2）汉译英
他答应星期五前完成这项工作。
________________________________________
答案：He undertook to finish the task by Friday.或 He undertook that he would finish the task
by Friday.
3.1)用 disturb, disturbing, disturbed 填空
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(1)I’m very__________ about Alice.
提示:句意为“我为 Alice 感到非常不安”。
答案：disturbed
(2)Don’t__________ the papers on my desk.
提示:句意为“不要弄乱我桌子上的文件”。
答案：disturb
(3)This country is in a __________state.
提示:句意为“这个国家局势动荡不安”。
答案：disturbing
2)单项填空
However, at times this balance in nature is__________, resulting in a number of possibly
unfore-seen effects.
A. troubled B. disturbed
C. confused D. puzzled
提示:troubled 意为“添麻烦”；disturbed 意为“干扰、打乱”；confused 和 puzzled 意思均
为“使迷惑”。句意为“有时自然平衡被打乱，带来一些可能难以预见的后果”。
答案：B
4.1）同义句转换
(1)Have you any objection to my opening the window?
Would you__________ __________ my opening the window ?
提示:句意为“你反对我打开窗户吗？”
答案：object to
(2)I take objection to smoking.
I__________ __________ smoking.
提示:句意为“我反对吸烟”。
答案：object to
(3) “But he is too young,” she argued.
She __________that he was too young.
提示:句意为“她反对说他太年轻”。
答案：objected
2)英译汉
The proposal will go ahead despite strong objection from the public.
______________________________________________________________________
答案：尽管公众强烈反对，这项提案仍将付诸实施。
3)单项填空
We __________to punishing a whole group for one person’s fault.
A. complain B. object
C. oppose D. resist
提示:句意为“我们反对因一人之错而责罚全体”。
答案：B
5.1）完成下列句子
(1)The school__________ __________ __________ __________ (禁止学生吸烟).
(2)He is forbidden to__________ __________ __________ (进入这个房间).
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答案：(1)forbids the students to smoke
(2)enter the room
2）汉译英
(1)医生禁止我吃糖。
__________________________________________________
（2）由于篇幅所限这里不能深入阐述这个问题。
__________________________________________________
答案：
(1)The doctor has forbidden me sugar.
(2)Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.
3)单项填空
The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, __________after 11 p.m.
A. to stay out B. from staying out
C. staying out D. not to stay out
提示:be forbidden to do sth.意为“不允许 做…… ”。这道题在做的时候可以把逗号之
间的部分放在句首或句尾以方便分析句子。
答案：A
6.1)完成下列句子
(1)He quickly__________ __________ __________ __________ (积蓄了一大笔财富).
(2)Clouds began to__________ __________ __________ __________ (在天空中聚集).
答案：(1) accumulated a large fortune
(2) accumulate in the sky
2)汉译英
（1）他的债务开始增加。
__________________________________________________
（2）我好像已经收集了很多这方面的书。
__________________________________________________
答案：
（1）His debets began to accumulate.
(2)I seem to have accumulated many books in this field.
7.1）完成句子
(1)He worked as a guard after__________ __________ __________ __________ (退役).
(2)The troops__________ __________ __________ __________ (从战地退了回来).
答案：(1)retiring from the army
(2)retired from the field
2)写出 retire 的词形变化形式
答案：retired adj. “退休的”；
retiree n. “退休人员”；
retirement “退职(年龄)”；
retiring adj. “孤僻的；害羞的”。
8.1）将下列句子译成汉语
(1)The neighbours were bothered by the noise of the party.
______________________________________________________________________
(2)Don’t bother him while he is working.
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______________________________________________________________________
(3)Did you have much bother finding the address?
______________________________________________________________________
答案：
(1)邻居们被聚会的噪音所困扰。
(2)他工作的时候不要打扰他。
(3)你找到那个地址费了很大周折吗？
2)完成情景
（1）—Shall I wait?
—___________________________ (不，别费事了).
答案：No, don’t bother
(2)—I’m sorry he was so rude to you.
—__________________________ (没关系).
答案：It doesn’t bother me
9.将下列句子译成英语
(1)我无法抵挡巧克力的诱惑。
____________________________________________________________
(2)他们决定留下来抵抗敌人。
____________________________________________________________
（3）银行强烈反对降低利率。
____________________________________________________________
（4）我抵挡不住逃课的诱惑。
____________________________________________________________
答案：
(1)I cannot resist chocolate.
(2)They decided to stay and resist the enemy.
(3)The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.
(4)I found the temptation to miss classes too hard to resist.
10.1）将下列句子译成汉语
(1)She has obtained a driving licence.
____________________________________________________________
(2)He obtained entrance to Beijing University.
____________________________________________________________
答案：
（1）她已经拿到了驾照。
（2）他获得了北京大学的入学资格。
2）单项填空
After questioning the man for six hours, the police__________ the information they
wanted.
A. seized
B. recovered
C. appealed
D. obtained
提示:for six hours 说明是经过努力而获得。
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答案：D
11.1)将下列句子译成英语
（1）听到这个消息他很沮丧。
__________________________________________________
（2）发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。
__________________________________________________
答案：
（1）He was cast down to hear the news.
（2）Finding out the truth made him cast down.
2)用 cast away, cast off, cast out, cast about 的适当形式填空
（1）The town is trying to__________ its dull image.
(2)They were__________ on a desert island.
(3)He __________hurriedly __________something to say.
(4)He claimed to have the power __________the enemy.
答案：(1)cast off (2)cast away (3)cast; about (4)to cast out
12.将下列句子译成英语
（1）法院作了有利于老人的判决。
____________________________________________________________
（2）他赞成还是反对这项计划？
____________________________________________________________
答案：
(1)The court decided in favour of the old man.
(2)Is he in favour of or against the plan?
13.将下列句子译成汉语
(1)I’m not bound to please her.
____________________________________________________________
(2)He is bound to win.
____________________________________________________________
（3）We are not bound by the decision.
____________________________________________________________
答案：
（1）我没有义务要讨好她。
（2）他一定能赢。
(3)我们不该受决定的约束。
14.1）将下列句子译成英语
（1）他有时变得很没有道理。
____________________________________________________________
（2）他们有时吵架。
____________________________________________________________
答案：
（1）He becomes quite unreasonable from time to time.
（2）They quarrelled from time to time.
2）单项填空
While reading the book, she stopped __________to make some notes.
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A. from time to time B. here and there
C. more or less D. one by one
提示:读书时她时常停下来作笔记。here and there 意为“到处，处处”；more or less 意为“或
多或少”，是副词短语；one by one 意为“一个接一个”。
答案：A
15.1)将下列句子译成英语
你的努力会有好结果的。
____________________________________________________________
答案：Your effort is bound to pay off.
2)单项填空
After three years of hard work, they had at last paid__________ all the money they had
borrowed.
A. for
B. down
C. in
D. off
提示:pay for 意为“为……付钱”；pay down 意为“用现金付款”；pay in 意为“把钱存入银
行”。
答案：D
重难突破
1. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.
然后传来了多莉得了重病的令人烦恼的消息。
【例句观察】
In the window appeared the handwritten sign, “For sale. Irish sheets of first class quality.
The low price of $6.50”.
窗口出现了手写的招牌“售优质爱尔兰床单，低价 6.50 美元”。
Out rushed the children.
孩子们冲了出去。
【规则提示】
表示方位或方式的副词或介词短语,如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in,
away, off, out, in the room, on the wall 等,置于句首时,句子倒装。
2. It is useless to clone an animal if there is not enough diversity in the group for it to
overcome illnesses.
该群中如果没有足够的多样性使它克服疾病,克隆动物就没有用。
【例句观察】
It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they would have to live in the zoo.
如果克隆动物必须生活在动物园里，那么克隆绝种动物是不公平的。
It is not easy to finish the work in two days.
两天内完成这项任务不容易。
It is hard to do this thing.
做这件事很困难。
【规则提示】
当动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用 it 作句子的
形式主语。
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3. The popularity of the film Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several
different kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how interested ordinary people are in the
subject.
电影《侏罗纪公园》的受欢迎证实了普通人对这一话题是多么感兴趣，在该电影中一
位科学家克隆了几种不同的绝种恐龙。
【规则提示】
in which 引导定语从句，把定语从句与主句进行还原后可以看出 in 的作用：A scientist
clones several...in the film Jurassic Park .
4. Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different
ways.
群种的多样性指的是拥有基因排列方式不同的动物。
【规则提示】
with their genes arranged in different ways 作定语，in different ways 以不同的方式。
mean 意为“意味着”，后接动名词；意为“打算”时后接不定式。如：
What do you mean to do?
你打算做什么？
5. The procedure is difficult to undertake.
这一程序很难操作。
【规则提示】
本句是一个“主语+be+形容词+to do”结构，在此结构中，不定式和主语之间为逻辑上的
动宾关系，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
The person is difficult to deal with.
这个人很难对付。
The problem is easy to work out.
这个问题容易解决。
活学巧用
1．单项填空
At the foot of the mountain__________.
A. a village lie
B. lies a village
C. does a village lie
D. lying a village
提示:地点状语放在句首时句子全部倒装，即把谓语动词放于主语前。A 选项倒装且主
谓不一致，C 选项为部分倒装形式（谓语的一部分在主语前），D 选项缺乏谓语动词。
答案：B
2．单项填空
（1）（2006 全国高考Ⅱ，11）It is no __________arguing with Bill because he will never
change his mind.
A. use
B. help
C. time
D. way
提示:It is no use 后加 v.－ing 形式或不定式表示“做……事情是没有用的”。B 选项可以
改造为 It doesn’t help to argue with Bill.其余选项意思与题干不符。
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答案：A
（2）As the busiest woman in Norton, she made __________her duty to look after all the
other people’s affairs in that town.
A. this
B. that
C. one
D. it
提示:句中 made 后真正的宾语为不定式 to look after...,所以用 it 作形式宾语以取得句子
平衡。试比较上题中 it 作形式主语的情况。
答案：D
3．单项填空
We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us,
__________we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which
B. to whom
C. with whom
D. with which
提示:先行词 one of them 指的是人，因此排除 A、D 两项，先行词在从句中的位置 We gave
some bells and glasses to one of them.
答案：B
4．单项填空
If you think that treating a woman well means always__________ her permission for things,
think again.
A. gets
B. got
C. to get
D. getting
提示:句意为“如果你认为对一个女人好就是可以得到许可用她的东西，那你就错了”。
mean 在此处的意思是“意味着”。
答案：D
5． Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16－year－old boy, saying that he is not the
one__________ .
A. blamed B. blaming
C. to blame D. to be blamed
提示:本题运用主系表+to do 的结构。blame 与 he 之间有动宾关系。
答案:C
语法精讲
名词性从句——同位语从句
同位语从句跟在一个名词(fact, idea, news, promise 等)的后面，对其作进一步解释。
引导同位语从句的词：连接词：that, whether, 连接代词 who(ever), whom(ever), which(ever),
what(ever), 连接副词 when, where, how, why。如：
I have no idea when Chaplin’s film will be on again.
We were very excited at the news that our team had won.
The fact that women can work as well as men is clear.
英语 24 字整体教学
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【提示】
同位语从句和定语从句的区别
(1)从意识上讲，前者对名词加以补充说明，后者对名词进行修饰和限定。
(2)从结构上讲，前者由连接引导，后者由关系词引导。
(3)从内涵上讲，前者所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系，后者所限定的名词是从句的
主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等，如：
The news that we won the match is true.
(同位语从句，news 和从句没有逻辑关系)
The news that you told us yesterday is true.
(定语从句，news 是 told 的逻辑宾语)
(4)引导同位语从句的连词不可省略，而引导定语从句的关系词作宾语时常可省略。
(5)同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词，而定语从句所修饰、限定的名词则没有限
制。
考题再现
1． Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _________he had to meet his
uncle at the airport.
A. why B. that
C. where D. because
提示:that 引导同位语从句，具体说明 reason 的内容。that 在句中只起连接作用，不作任
何成分;why 引导定语从句，句子应改为 his reason why he was absent; where 引导名词性从句、
定语从句和状语从句表示“在……地方”。
答案:B
2.(2006 安 徽 高 考 ,29)A warm thought suddenly came to me _________I might use the
pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
A. if B. when
C. that D. which
提示:that 引导同位语从句具体说明 thought 的内容。if 不用于同位语从句，表示“是否”
要用 whehter。when 引导同位语从句表示时间，而句中已经有了隐含时间 for my mother’s
birthday。which 引导名词性从句的意思是“哪一个/些”。
答案:C
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