人教版必修4Unit1语法导学案：主谓一致

1 新课标人教版必修 4 Unit 1 语法导学案：主谓一致 对比经典例句，巧记主谓一致 【考点精讲】 1. 不定式、动名词或名词性从句作主语 【经典例句】 (1) Shaking one’s head usually means disagreement. 摇头一般表示 不赞同。 (2) To become a scientist is her dream. 当科学家是她的梦想。 (3) What they need is money. 他们所需要的是钱。 【考点归纳】 不定式、动名词或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 2. 名词 + 介词短语作主语 【经典例句】 1. a. Gold, as well as silver, has recently risen in price. 金和银的价 格最近上涨了。 b. Vegetables, as well as gold, have recently risen in price. 蔬菜 和金的价格最近都上涨了。 2. a. Her parents, together with her, are going to see a film this evening. 她的父母和她今天晚上会去看电影。 b. She, together with her parents, is going to see a film this evening. 【考点归纳】 名词作主语，后接 including, as well as, together with, in addition to, except, accompanied by 等短语时，谓语动词应视这个名词的单复数而定，若 主语是单数名词，谓语用单数；若主语是复数名词，谓语用复数。 3．事件、国名、机构名词或作品名称作主语 【经典例句】 (1) The United Nations, formed in 1945, plays a very important 2 role in the international affairs. 联合国成立于 1945 年，在国际事物中起非 常重要的作用。 (2) The Old Man and the Sea by Hemingway is a very interesting short story. 海明威的《老人与海》是一篇非常有趣的短篇小说。 (3) The United States of America is made up of fifty states. 美国是 由五十个州组成的。 [考点归纳] 事件、国名、机构名词或作品名称作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 4. 不定代词作主语 【经典例句】 (1) Anybody who wants to can come in and buy a car from me. 任何 一个人，只要想来，就可以从我这里买一辆车。 (2) Both of them have gone to Beijing on business. 他们两个人都去北 京出差去了。 (3) Few of my classmates have passed the physics exams. 我的同学 几乎没有人通过了物理考试。 【考点归纳】 (1) one, every, everyone, everybody, each, any, either, neither, nobody, anyone, someone, somebody 等作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用 单数。 (2) Both, some, few, many, several 等作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用 复数。 5. 表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语 【经典例句】 (1) Ten years is a short time in history. 十年在历史的长河中只是短暂 的一瞬。 (2) Ten years have passed since he graduated from the Peking University. 自从他从北大毕业后，十年已经过去了。 (3) Two hundred miles is too far to travel on foot. 200 英里太远了， 3 不适合徒步旅行。 【考点归纳】 表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时，谓语动 词用单数。但是这类名词作主语时，若想到个体时，谓语动词可用复数。 6. 复数名词作主语 【经典例句】 (1) She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book have reached 50 million. 她创造了新的记录，那就是，她最新的一本书的销 售量已经达到五千万册。 (2) Do you think the rains have already come? 你认为雨季已经来临了 吗？ (3) As the Spring Festival draws near, the goods in the supermarket are selling very well. 由于春节临近，超市的商品非常畅销。 (4) a. All the means have been tried, but none has worked. 所有的 方法都试过了，但是没有一种方法起作用。 b. The quickest means of travel is by plane. 最快的交通工具是飞 机。 【考点归纳】 一般来说，单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，复数名词作主语，谓语动词 用复数。英文中有的名词只有复数形式，例如：goods（商品），means（方法， 手段，单复数同形），clothes（衣服）等等。另一些名词用于特殊含义时，只能 用其复数形式。例如：talks(会晤)，customs（关税），rains（雨季）等等。 这样的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词根据语法一致的原则，一般都用复数。 7. 定冠词加形容词泛指某一类人作主语 【经典例句】 (1) In many western films, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished. 在很多西方电影中，好人会得到回报，坏人会遭到报应。 (2) a. The beautiful lasts forever. 美的事物是永恒的。 b. The old are more likely to catch cold than the young. 老年人比 4 年轻人更容易患感冒。 【考点归纳】 定冠词加形容词泛指某一类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数；若表示一种抽象 的事物，则谓语动词用单数。 8. And 连接的两个名词作主语 【经典例句】 (1) -- What food would like to eat best for your breakfast? -- Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast. ---你早餐最喜欢什么样的食物？ ---我最喜欢吃涂了黄油的面包。 (2) A gin and tonic is my favorite drink. 一杯奎宁水加杜松子酒是我最 喜欢喝的饮料。 (3) The secretary and headmaster of the school is present at the meeting now. 学校的书记兼校长现在正在出席会议。 (4) a. Every boy and every girl likes playing games at the weekend. 每个男孩和女孩在周末都喜欢做游戏。 b. all boys and all girls like playing games at the weekend. 所有 的男孩和女孩在周末都喜欢做游戏。 【考点归纳】 （1）当由 and 连接的词作整体考虑，或在意义上指同一人或物时，谓语动 词一般用单数。例如： （2） 当用 and 连接的两个单数名词前有 each 或 every 修饰时，谓语动词 用单数。 9. 集体名词作主语 【经典例句】 (1)The police have asked that anyone who saw the accident shoul d get in touch with them. 警察已经要求任何事故目击者都要与他们联系。 (2) a. The family is the basic unit of the society. 家庭是社会的基本 单位。 5 b. The family are having a holiday in England. 这家人正在英国度 假。 【考点归纳】 集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数常取决于主语的意义。若主语表示整体 (unity)时，谓语动词用单数；若主语强调集体中的个体(member)时，谓语动词 用单数。这类集体名词常见的有：people, army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, team 等 ， 其 中 people, cattle, police 作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。 10. 一些表示数量的短语作主语 【经典例句】 (1) a. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 随着更多的森林遭到毁坏，每年 有大量的肥沃的土壤被雨水冲走。 b. A large quantity of magazines are published every year. 每 年有大量的杂志出版发行。 (2) a. About 70% of the earth’s surface is covered with water. 地 球表面大约 70%被水覆盖。 b. About 70% students in our school come from the countryside. 我们学校大约 70%来自农村。 (3) a. A number of students in the class have been accepted to many famous universities. 这个班有许多学生被很多著名的大学录取了。 b. The number of errors is surprising. 错误的数量让人吃惊。 【考点归纳】 一些表示数量的短语，如 a lot of, most of, half of, two thirds of, ninety percent of, part of, the rest of, some of, all of，a quantity of, plenty of 等，与名词连用作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。若名词是复数，谓语 动词用复数；若名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。 注意：a number of 与名词连用作主语时，谓语动词用复数；而当 the number of 与名词连用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。quantities of + 名词作主 6 语时，谓语动词用复数。 11. 并列连词连接两个名词作主语 【经典例句】 (1) Neither Tom nor I am fond of reading novels. 汤姆和我都不喜欢 读小说。 (2) Neither her brothers nor Mary is interested in basket games. 玛 丽和她的兄弟都不喜欢篮球比赛。 【考点归纳】 当 or, either… or, neither.. nor, not only … but also 连接两个名词作 主语时，根据相邻原则，谓语动词的数取决于与它相邻的主语的数。 12. more than one（或 more than one + 单数名词），many a +单 数名词作主语 【经典例句】 (1) a. More than one student has passed the driving license test.不 止一个学生通过了驾驶执照考试。 b. More than students than one have passed the driving license test. (2) a. Many a girl learns to dance before she can read. 很多女孩在识 字前就学会了跳舞。 b. Many girls learn to dance before she can read. 【考点归纳】 more than one（或 more than one + 单数名词），many a +单数名词作 主语时，谓语动词形式要用单数形式。但是 more + 复数名词+ than one 作主 语，谓语动词用复数形式。 13. “one of + 复数名词”结构作主语 【经典例句】 (1) He is one of the best students that have passed the difficult physics exam. 他是通过了那次非常难的物理考试的最好的学生之一。 (2)He is the only one of the students that has passed the difficult 7 physics exam. 他是学生中通过了那次很难的物理考试的唯一一个学生。 【考点归纳】 “one of + 复数名词”结构后的定语从句要求谓语动词一般应与复数名词一 致，但是当 one 之前加了 the 或 the only 修饰时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单 数。 【巩固练习】 I. 用 be 或 have 的适当形式填空。 1. a. The boy ______ playing soccer happily on the playground now. b. The boys ______ playing soccer happily on the playground now. 2. a. My family ______ looking forward to seeing you again. b. My family ______ very rich when I was young. 3. a. More than one question ______ asked by the students yesterday. b. More questions than one ______ asked by the students yesterday. 4. a. The manager said that a day or two ______ enough. b. One or two reasons ______ suggested by the manger. 5. a. Many a fine man ______ died in the earthquake. b. Many fine men ______ died in the earthquake. 6. a. The red and the white rose ______ both beautiful. b. The famous singer and pianist ______ going to give a speech in our school next week. 7. a. His works, which produces radios, ______ very large. b. The goods made in the factory ______ shipped to the United States. 8. a. Ten years ______ a moment in history. b. Ten years ______ passed since I came to China. 9. a. Politics ______ often a topic for discussion among us. b. Their politics（政见）______ very different from ours. 10. a. Harley Potter ______ one of the best-sellers in the world. b. Dicken’s American Notes ______ published in 1842. 8 11. a. Fish and chips（炸鱼土豆片）______ a popular supper. b. Fish and meat ______ my favorite foods. 12. a. Every hour and every minute ______ important for English learning. b. All the books and all the papers ______ found by the police last week. 13. a. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ enjoying the film now. b. Not only the teacher but also the students ______ enjoying the film now. 14. a. Neither you or I ______ mad. b. Neither he or they ______ mistaken. 15. a. A teacher, with his students, ______ seeing a Chinese film right now. b. The students as well as the teacher ______ seeing a Chinese film right now. 16. a. This is one of the best stories that ______ been published this year. b. This is the only story that the writer ______ been published this year. 17. a. A pair of glasses ______ nice present for my grandmother. b. His clothes ______ very dirty, so I washed them for him. 18. a. A number of books ______ missing from the library in our school. b. The number of the books missing from the library ______ about 500. 19. a. He stayed at home and the rest of the boys ______ out at play. b. He ate some of the bread and the rest ______ eaten by a mouse. 20. a. Most of his time ______ spent travelling. b. Most of his students ______ from the United States. 9 II. 单句语法填空（用所给单词的适当形式填空） 1. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ________ saved for other purposes. (be) 2. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ______ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. (be) 3. Such poets as Shakespeare ______ widely read, of whose works, however, some ______ difficult to understand. (be) 4. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting ______ at the exhibition hall now. (exhibit) 5. It is reported that many a new house ______ at present in the disaster area. (build) 6. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks ______ so small that a day is unimportant. (be) 7. Professor James will give up a lecture on the western culture, but when and where ______ yet. (decide) 8. Most of what has been said about the Smiths ______ also true of the Johnsons. (be) 9. A poet and artist ______ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (be) 10. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third ______ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. (be) 【参考答案】 I. is; are 2. are; was 3. was; were 4. was; were 5. has; have 6. are; is 7. is; are 8. is; have 9. is; are 10. is; was 11. is; are 12. is; were 13. is; are 14. am; are 15. is; are 16. have; has 17. is; were 18. are; is 19. were; was 20. is; are II. 1. were 2. has 3. are;are 4. are being exhibited 5. is being built 6. is 7. has not been decided 8. is 9. is 10. are