UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
素养导航
主题语境——人与自然 自然探索
“探险”,既是人类对未知的挑战,也是人类对自身的挑战。“探险”,
有成功的欣喜,也有失败的悲壮。探险过程中的任何艰难险阻,都
阻挡不了人类探索未知世界的激情,阻挡不了人类迈向全新领域的
脚步。欧内斯特·亨利·沙克尔顿把自己的一生奉献给了南极探险。
Ernest Henry Shackleton
Ernest Henry Shackleton was born on February 15th 1874 in
Ireland.The second of ten children,he was brought up in
London,attending Dulwich College before joining the Merchant Navy
aged 16.
Shackleton was certified① as a Master Mariner in 1898 and was
accepted in 1901 on the Discovery expedition to Antarctica led by
Robert Scott.He was chosen to accompany② Scott on the most
southern march towards the South Pole for research purposes,returning
home due to ill health.
On January 1st 1908 he led a crew on the Nimrod expedition,sailing
to Antarctica again.Trekking towards the South Pole in the quest to be
first,they reached the closest ever achieved before turning back or
facing certain death.It was a race against starvation③ but they made it
back to the ship just in time to return to England.
On his return he was greeted as a hero by King Edward Ⅶ.After the
South Pole was reached by Roald Amundsen in 1912 he decided to
plan for the last great Antarctic expedition,to cross the continent.
On August 8th 1914 he set sail from Plymouth.Encountering④
awful weather,the Endurance became stuck in the ice before sinking in
November 1915.With no chance of rescue or raising the
alarm,Shackleton planned a daring and dangerous rescue to sail in a
lifeboat to South Georgia and reach a whaling station.
With four other crew they launched the James Caird into the seas of
the Antarctica and against all the odds they reached South
Georgia.Then having to go across mountain ranges to the other side of
the island they finally reached help on May 20th 1916 before rescuing
the rest of the crew on August 30th.
In September 1921 Shackleton embarked⑤ on another expedition
to Antarctica on the ship Quest.Whilst in South Georgia Shackleton
suffered a fatal heart attack and died on January 5th 1922.He was
buried in the Grytviken cemetery in South Georgia.
Sir Ernest Shackleton remains one of the greatest leaders and
inspirational⑥ explorers in history.
词海拾贝
①certify vt.授予(专业合格证书)
②accompany vt.陪伴
③starvation n.饥饿
④encounter vt.遇到
⑤embark vi.从事;着手
⑥inspirational adj.鼓舞人心的
典句欣赏
After the South Pole was reached by Roald Amundsen in 1912 he
decided to plan for the last great Antarctic expedition,to cross the
continent.
译文:在1912年罗阿尔德·阿蒙森到达南极后,他决定计划穿越大陆,
做最后一次伟大的南极探险。
分析:本句是一个复合句。he decided to plan...是主句,After the
South Pole was reached...是时间状语从句。
探究思辨
1.What inspired Shackleton to make the great expedition to Antarctica?
2.What do you learn from Shackleton’s story?
答案 1.His spirit of adventure,his bravery and his persistence.
2.We must never give up in face of difficulties and stick to our goals
until we succeed.
Section A Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.adversity n.
2.expedition n
3.endurance n.
4.vigour n.
5.qualified adj.
6.cupboard n.
7.steward n.
8.crush vt. n.
9.stove n.
困境;逆境
探险;远征;探险队
忍耐力;耐久力
精力;力量;活力
符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
橱柜;壁橱;衣柜
(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员;服务员
毁坏;压坏;压碎 拥挤的人群
炉具;厨房灶具
10.belongings n.[pl.]
11.banjo n.
12.miserable adj.
13.voyage n.& vi.
14.navy n.
15.cosy adj.
16.selfish adj.
17.good/bad-tempered adj.
18.persevere vi. →
perseverance n.
财物;动产
班卓琴
痛苦的;令人难受的
航海;航行
海军;海军部队
温馨的;舒适的
自私的
脾气好的/坏的
坚持;孜孜以求
毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
19. n.工资
20. adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的
21. adj.热情的;热心的
22. adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
23. vt.分派;布置;分配
24. n.& vt.羡慕;妒忌
25. vi.沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没
26. vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃
wage
bitter
enthusiastic
aboard
assign
envy
sink
abandon
27. n.毯子
28. adj.相当不错的;正派的;得体的
29. adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的
30. vi.& vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;
坚定的信念→ n.决议;解决;坚定
31. n.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员;专业团队;
一群人
blanket
decent
genuine
resolve
resolution
crew
重点短语
1. 拒绝(某人)
2. 梦想……
3. 为……做好了准备
4. 精力充沛
5. 出发
6. 返航;往回走
7.be stuck in
8.call sb together
9.keep up
10.from bad to worse
11.after all
12.fill sb with hope
turn sb down
dream of
be ready for
be full of vigour
set off
turn back
被困在……
把……召集在一起
保持;不落后
越来越糟
毕竟
使……充满了希望
重点句式
1.Well,it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read
the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
2.Without Frank and Ernest,we’d all be dead by now.
Ⅱ.阅读导学
A.阅读P38-P39课文内容,判断正(T)误(F)。
1.The author learned about the Antarctic adventure from the
newspaper.
2.The author had been dreaming of an expedition to the South Pole.
3.At the beginning of the adventure,the author was very excited.
4.Shackleton allowed Hussey to keep the banjo because he was fond
of music.
5.The sailors felt desperate when Shackleton left them in his small
ship.
答案 1.T 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F
B.根据P38-P39课文内容,选择正确答案。
1.Why was the author turned down by Shackleton?
A.Because he was not well prepared.
B.Because he was not fit enough.
C.Because he was not full of vigour.
D.Because he wasn’t old enough and lacked experience.
2.What can we know about the author?
A.He went on aboard the ship without permission.
B.He wanted to serve as a cook on the ship.
C.He came out of his hiding place 3 days later.
D.He was caught by Shackleton on the ship.
答案 D
答案 A
3.How did Shackleton feel when they had to abandon the ship?
A.He became worried.
B.He remained calm.
C.He felt frightened.
D.He grew anxious.
4.What do you think of Shackleton?
A.He is adventurous and responsible.
B.He is generous and helpful.
C.He is strict but warm-hearted.
D.He is courageous but careless.
答案 B
答案 A
重点词汇
1.However,when I applied to join the expedition,Shackleton turned
me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.
然而,当我申请加入探险队时,沙克尔顿拒绝了我,因为他认为我太
年轻,不合格。
【词汇精讲】 turn sb down拒绝(某人)
He asked Jane to marry him,but she turned him down.
他请求简嫁给他,但她拒绝了。
【词汇拓展】
She could not bear the loud music and turned down the volume.
她受不了这么大声的音乐,就把音量调小了。
You shouldn’t always turn to the dictionary when you meet new
words in reading.
阅读的时候遇到生词你不应该总是查字典。
Some compromises were unavoidable,but the video turned out
perfect.
一些妥协是不可避免的,但视频证明是极好的。
2.But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them
that I secretly went aboard his ship,the Endurance,and hid in a small
cupboard.
但我太热衷于和他们一起去的想法了,所以我偷偷地上了他的
船,“坚忍”号,藏在一个小橱柜里。
【词汇精讲1】enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的
The villagers are friendly and they always give visitors an
enthusiastic welcome.
村民们很友好,他们总是热情地欢迎游客。
The teachers are enthusiastic and have a sense of purpose.
教师们很热情并且很有决心。
【词汇拓展1】
I’m sure it will appeal to you,for you’ve been enthusiastic about
sports.
我确信它会对你有吸引力,因为你一直热衷于体育运动。
We are too tired,but we keep it up with remarkable enthusiasm.
我们太累了,但我们还是情绪高昂地坚持下去。
【词汇精讲2】aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
We walked her to the wharf and put her aboard the ship.
我们陪她走到码头,将她安顿到船上。
The plane crashed,killing all 157 passengers aboard.
飞机坠毁,机上157名乘客全部遇难。
【词汇拓展2】
The ship’s leaving in half an hour,so we’d better go aboard now.
船在半小时内起航,我们最好现在上船。
We must not take combustible goods aboard.
我们切不可带易燃物上车。
3.He assigned me to be a steward,and I now serve meals for twenty-
eight men,three times a day.
他指派我做乘务员,我现在为二十八个人提供膳食,每天三次。
【词汇精讲】 assign vt.分派;布置;分配
The two large classrooms have been assigned to us.
这两间大教室分配给了我们。
The teacher assigned a different task to each of the children.
老师给每个孩子布置的任务都不相同。
【词汇拓展】
I’ve been assigned to look after the new students.
我被指派照顾新生。
You will need to complete three written assignments per semester.
你每学期要完成三个书写任务。
4.How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about
the amazing places I have been to!
当我回来告诉他们我去过的神奇的地方时,每个人都会多么羡慕我
啊!
【词汇精讲】 envy n.& vt.羡慕;妒忌
Gradually he began to acknowledge his feelings of envy towards his
deskmate.
渐渐地,他开始承认自己羡慕同桌。
I don’t envy the young ones who’ve become TV superstars and
know no other world.
我不羡慕那些成为超级电视明星但对其他一无所知的年轻人。
The happiness that we now enjoy is the envy of all who know us.
所有认识我们的人都羡慕我们现在享有的幸福。
【词汇拓展】
He envied Rosalind her youth and strength.
他羡慕罗莎琳德的青春和力量。
I feel green with envy when I see you in your new dress.
每当我看到你穿新装时,就感到嫉妒。
I am not envious of him,though he has got an enviable job there.
虽然他在那里谋了一份令人羡慕的工作,但我并不嫉妒他。
5.And when the ship sank,our hearts sank with it.
当船沉没时,我们的心也心灰意冷。
【词汇精讲】 sink vi.沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没
The wheels started to sink into the mud.
车轮渐渐陷进泥里。
The boat was sunk by a hurricane.
小船被飓风刮沉了。
【词汇拓展】
The ship hit an iceberg and sank to the bottom of the sea.船撞上冰山,
沉入海底。
They lost all their money and sank into desperate poverty.
他们失去了所有的钱,陷入了绝望的贫困。
6.Before we abandoned the ship,Shackleton calmly called us together
and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats,our
food,the cook stove,candles,clothes,and blankets.
在我们弃船前,沙克尔顿平静地把我们招集在一起,让我们挽救最
基本的补给——小船、食物、烹饪炉、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。
【词汇精讲】 abandon vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃
The officers and crew prepared to abandon the ship in an orderly
fashion.
全体船员秩序井然地准备弃船。
The storm got worse and worse.Finally,I was obliged to abandon the
bike and continue on foot.
暴风雨愈发猛烈,我最终不得不弃车步行。
【词汇拓展】
He owned a farm,which looked almost abandoned.
他有一个农场,看上去几乎废弃了。
They should abandon playing computer games and cheating in the
exams.
他们应该放弃玩电脑游戏和考试作弊。
7.Their genuine concern for others,their perseverance,and their resolve
fill me with hope.
他们对别人的真正关爱、他们的毅力和决心使我充满了希望。
【词汇精讲】 resolve vi.& vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决
心;坚定的信念
Both sides met in order to try to resolve their differences.
双方会晤以努力解决分歧。
We must find a way to resolve these problems before it’s too late.
我们必须及时找到解决这些问题的方法。
He made a resolve to go on a journey early in the next morning.
他决意明天一早就去旅行。
【词汇拓展】
She resolved to report the matter to the teacher.
她决心向老师汇报这件事情。
He resolved not to tell her the truth.
他决定不告诉她真相。
She resolved that she would never see him again.
她决心再也不见他了。
重点句式
1.Well,it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and
read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
嗯,碰巧有一天早上我买了一份报纸,看了关于南极探险的广告。
【句式剖析】本句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的句子。
It (so) happens that...意为“碰巧……”。
It happened that they spent their childhood in the same village.
碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。
Whether by accident or by design,it so happened that she just came.
不知是偶然还是故意的,碰巧她刚来。
【句式拓展】
it作形式主语的其他常用句型:
It occurs/occurred to sb that...某人突然想到……
It strikes/struck sb that...某人突然想到……
It hits/hit sb that... 某人突然想起……
Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical
training at that time.
突然我想起在那个年代,一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。
It hit me that I had met him somewhere.
=It struck me that I had met him somewhere.
=It occurred to me that I had met him somewhere.
我突然想起以前在什么地方见过他。
2.Without Frank and Ernest,we’d all be dead by now.
没有弗兰克和欧内斯特,我们现在都会死。
【句式剖析】本句是一个含有含蓄虚拟语气的句子,without意为
“没有”,引导的是一种含蓄的条件,当表示与现在或将来事实相反的
假设时,主句用“(could/should/might)+do”,表示与过去事实相反的假
设时,主句用“would(could/should/might)+have done”。
Without water,there would be no life on earth.
没有水,地球上就没有生命。
【句式拓展】
虚拟语气用于含蓄条件句中:
(1)在含有with,without,but for等介词或介词短语的句子中。
But for your help,I wouldn’t have finished the work on time.
要是没有你的帮助,我就不能按时完成那项工作。
(2)在含有or,otherwise,but,but that等连词的句子中。
I was busy;otherwise I would have attended your birthday party.
我很忙,不然的话我就去参加你的生日聚会了。
(3)其他情况。
Given more attention,the trees would have grown better.
给予更多的关注,这些树会长得更好。
Five minutes earlier,you could have met her at the station.
早来五分钟的话,你就能在车站见到她了。
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
My name is Perce Blackborow and I have been dreaming of 1
expedition to Antarctica with Sir Ernest Shackleton.One day,I read the
advertisement about the Antarctic expedition in the newspaper,but
when I 2 (apply) to join it,I was turned down because I was too
young and inexperienced.I got aboard the ship without 3 (permit)
and hid in a small cupboard,but 4 (discover) three days
later.Shackleton assigned me to be a steward,and I cooked for twenty-
eight men.How 5 (excite) I was!
The journey was 6 (hard) than I expected.When we went near
the Antarctica,our ship became stuck 7 the ice and got
crushed.Before abandoning the ship,we were only allowed to take
some of our necessities and throw away the rest.We were camping on
the ice,but with spring 8 (come),the ice began to melt.
Having struggled for days,the conditions on Elephant Island were
going from bad to worse.Shackleton left us to find help on South
Georgia Island, 9 is 1,330 kilometres away.There was no food on
the island except seals or penguins we sometimes caught.I was in low
spirit.However,with the genuine concern of Frank and Ernest,I was
filled with hope and thought there was a chance we 10 (return)
home,after all.
答案 1.an 2.applied 3.permission 4.was discovered
5.excited 6.harder 7.in 8.coming 9.which
10.would return
Ⅱ.概要写作
根据课本P38-P39内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
参考范文
Having read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition,I went to
apply to join it,but was turned down because I was too young and
inexperienced.(要点1)I slipped on the ship without permission,but was
discovered 3 days later.Shackleton had to assign me to be a
steward.(要点2)Our ship crashed by the ice;we had to camp on the
ice.(要点3)Shackleton left us to seek help;we struggled to wait.(要点4)
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