Section Ⅱ
Discovering Useful Structures
阅读下列句子,注明画线部分是做定语还是表语
1.The letter was touching.
2.There is a car waiting outside.
3.The food at the party did not seem very inviting.
4.The boy sitting behind me is my brother.
5.Going from junior high school to senior high school is
challenging.
6.The girl swimming in the pool is my daughter.
7.Class is over,but she remains sitting there.
8.During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China,families gather
to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.
表语
定语
表语
定语
表语
定语
表语
定语
It was great fun walking along the streets,enjoying the
relaxing atmosphere!(Page 6)
沿着街道漫步,享受轻松的气氛,真是让人开心!
★atmosphere n.气氛;氛围;(地球的)大气(层)
The hotel had a lovely relaxing atmosphere.
那家宾馆的气氛愉快轻松。
The atmosphere at home was rather tense.家里的气氛很紧张。
Different kinds of clouds have different shapes at different
heights in the atmosphere.
不同种类的云,在大气层的不同高度中有着不同的形状。
【合作探究】
记一记·长知识
atmosphere用于定语从句中做先行词时,其后的关系副词常
用where。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
(1)He is good at creating a lovely atmosphere _________ his
students learn actively.
完成句子
(2)这些有毒的气体污染城镇的大气层。
These poisonous gases pollute ______ _____________ ______
towns and cities.
where
the atmosphere of
知识脉络
动词-ing形式
做表语和定语
语法精讲
动词-ing形式做表语和定语
动词-ing形式是非谓语的一种,在句子里面不能单独充当谓
语,但能充当其他的一些成分(定语、表语、补语、状语)。本
单元讨论动词-ing形式做表语和定语,下一单元讨论动词-ing
形式做状语和宾语补足语。
一、动词-ing形式做表语的用法
1.动词-ing形式做表语有时具有形容词的性质,说明主语的
性质、特征等。许多形容词化的动词-ing形式是由能够表示
人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有
moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,sur
prising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing等。这类词有“令
人……的”的含义,常修饰物。
The argument is very convincing.这个论点很令人信服。
Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.
你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。
2.表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作,一般说明主语的内容。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
=Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
【合作探究】
记一记·长知识
to do和done也可做表语,但to do通常强调一次性的、具体
的、将要发生的动作,带有一定的目的性和目标性。做表语
的过去分词往往相当于形容词,如:moved,interested,
encouraged,excited,inspired,bored,surprised,puzzled,
amused,astonished。
Her dream is to become a singer.她的梦想是成为一名歌手。
They were excited at the news.
听到这个消息,他们很兴奋。
二、动词-ing形式做定语的用法
1.说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。如:
They set up an operating table in a small house.
他们将手术台设在一个小房子里。
He may be in the reading room.
他说不定在阅览室里。
2.与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作。
There were about 200 children studying in the art school.
有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。
Who is the woman talking to our English teacher?
正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位女士是谁?
3.有些动词-ing形式已经转化成形容词,常做定语用来修饰
物,表示“令人……”。常用的此类词有:exciting,amusing,
amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,
disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,
touching,moving,interesting,satisfying,terrifying,frightening
等。
That must have been a terrifying experience.
那准是一段可怕的经历。
The experiment was an amazing success.
那次试验是一个惊人的成功。
【合作探究】
记一记·长知识
(1)单个的动词-ing形式做定语往往用作前置定语;动词-ing短
语往往用作后置定语。
(2)动词-ing短语后置的情况,其作用相当于定语从句,例如:
A man living in the village rarely sees subways.=
A man who lives in the village rarely sees subways.
住在村子里的人很少看到地铁。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
(1)His hobby is _________(collect) stamps.
(2)That was a really _________(touch) moment.
(3)It was __________(astonish) to see the animals and plants
that are found nowhere else in the world.
(4)Ladies and gentlemen,please go and wait in the _________
(meet) room.
(5)The man _________(shake) hands with Mr Li visited our
class yesterday.
collecting
touching
astonishing
meeting
shaking
一、单句语法填空
1.The performances were just _________(amaze).
答案:amazing
2.His aim is _________(become) a professional player.
答案:to become
3.Her job is _________(keep) the whole building clean.
答案:keeping
4.There was an _________expression on her face when she
heard the _________news.(excite)
答案:excited;exciting
5.When asked about her age,Mary felt rather _________
(embarrass).
答案:embarrassed
二、句型转换
1.The teacher standing at the school gate is Mr Wang.
→The teacher ______________at the school gate is Mr Wang.
答案:who stands
2.The number of people who are learning English is
increasing.
→The number of people __________________is increasing.
答案:learning English
3.There’s a note saying when the shop will open again.
→There’s a note __________________when the shop will
open again.
答案:that says
4.The factory that makes these TVs is a big one.
→The factory _________these TVs is a big one.
答案:making
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