核 心 考 点
课 堂 突 破 案
Unit 3 Science and nature
英 语
内 容 索 引
核心考点 课堂突破
随堂巩固 迁移运用
核心考点 课堂突破
1.on the one hand...on the other hand... 一方面……另一方面……
[教材原句]On the one hand,some scientists point out that if you clone an
embryo,you can produce valuable human tissues—such as bone or lung
tissue—that could be used to save human lives.On the other hand,many
people,including some scientists,disagree and are afraid that,if mankind toys
with nature in this way,we may be on our way to producing a real-life
Frankenstein’s monster.一方面,一些科学家指出,如果克隆人类胚胎,你就
可以制造出宝贵的人体组织——如骨组织或肺组织——它们可以用来拯
救人类的生命。另一方面,包括一些科学家在内的许多人持不同意见,他们
担心如果人类如此戏弄自然,可能将制造出一个现实生活中的弗兰肯斯坦
怪物。(P42)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
① (一方面),we are supposed to appeal to the public to
deepen the understanding. (另一方面),we ourselves
should do it immediately.
②I won’t go. (一则),I have seen the film;
(二则) I have an important meeting to attend tonight.
On the one hand
On the other hand
For one thing for another thing
[小话题写作]
③一方面,我可以挣钱来减轻家庭的负担。另一方面,我可以积累社会经验,
这对我将来的生活也有好处。
,I can earn some money to reduce the burden of my family.
,I can accumulate some social experience,
.
On the one hand
On the other hand
which does good to my future life
考点必记
on the one hand...on the other hand...意为“一方面……另一方面……”,常用
来表述一个事物的两个方面。通常用于引出不同的、尤指对立的观点、
思想等;for one thing...for another thing...意为“首先……,再者……”,陈述的
两个方面的情况常常一致。
2.intention n.意图,目的;企图
[教材原句]Although he researches cloning,his intention has never been to
create copies of humans.尽管他研究克隆技术,但他的目的从来就不是制造
人类的复制品。(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Using emojis can add humor and feeling,keeping (intend)
clear.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
②He returned the intention of spending the New Year with his
family.
③Having always been musical from an early age,the singer seems to
(intend) for the concert stage.
④I have no intention of (come) to this terrible place again!
intention
with
have been intended
coming
[句式升级]
⑤The project was intended for them to do something special.
=They started the project . with the intention of doing something special
考点必记
(1)with the intention/purpose of doing sth带着……目的做某事
without intention无意地
by intention故意地
have no intention of doing sth没有做某事的打算
(2)intend vt.计划,打算,想要
intend to do/doing打算做,想要做
be intended for/to do sth旨在做某事,为……打算/设计
3.anxiety n.忧虑,焦虑,不安
[教材原句]Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety,it is good
news for Faye Wilson,a 41-year-old saleswoman who cannot have a baby.尽管
克隆人类引起了很多不安,但对于不能生育的41岁女销售员费依·威尔逊来
说却是个好消息。(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①People were waiting (anxious) for the government’s final
decision.
②She was driven almost out of her mind anxiety.
[完成句子]
③You’re (太热衷于赚钱) and too fond
of bullying people.
anxiously
with
too anxious/eager to make money
考点必记
(1)the anxiety for sth/to do sth对……的渴望
with anxiety焦虑地
(2)anxious adj.焦虑的,担心的;渴望的,非常希望的
be anxious to do...渴望做……,急于做……
be anxious that...盼望/渴望……(从句中常用“should+动词原形”)
(3)anxiously adv.忧虑地,不安地
[名师指津]
anxious/ready/willing/eager等词用于too...to...句型时,意义不是否定的,而是
肯定的。
4.adopt vt.收养,领养;采用,采纳
[教材原句]I don’t want to adopt someone else’s child—if I had the
chance,I would have a cloned baby right now.我不想领养别人的孩子——如
果我有这个机会,我会立即要一个克隆婴儿。(P42)
语境巧练
[用adopt的适当形式填空]
①People with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in
the sport.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②Paul’s mother had him because she couldn’t look after
him.
③He was brought up by parents in Kentucky.
④We argued her into the of the plan.
adopting
adopted
adoptive
adoption
[完成句子]
⑤我希望你采纳我的建议,祝你玩得愉快。
I hope you would and have a good time. adopt my suggestions
考点必记
(1)adopt sb收养某人
be adopted by被……所收养
be adopted from选自……,取自……
adopt the homeless child收养无家可归的孩子
adopt methods/a suggestion采用方法/建议
(2)adoptive adj.领养的
adopted adj.被领养的
adoption n.领养;采纳
5.push ahead with义无反顾地进行,努力推进
[教材原句]While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries,some
scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a
cloned human baby.尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家还不合法,但一些科学家
已经在加紧研究,以制造出克隆的人类婴儿。(P42)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①We had come to the conclusion that we must
(推行我们的计划) to increase production.
②The government decided to go on
(努力推进经济改革) in the next five years.
③The start of the game (推迟) from 2pm to 4pm.
push ahead with our plan
pushing ahead with economic reforms
was pushed back
考点必记
push sth forward提出某事
push back把……向后推,推迟
push through使……通过,使……得到批准
push aside不考虑,不去想
push in推入
push off离开
push out推出,排出
push sb/sth over使某人/某物倒下或被推翻
6.transform vt.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向);使改变形态
[教材原句]On a personal note,cloning would totally transform my life.就我
个人而言,克隆将彻底改变我的生活。(P43)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①She helps transform literature braille.
②They seem to transform from boys men overnight.
into
to
[完成句子]
③当你走路时,一台小型机器将行走所产生的能量转换成电能并储存起来。
When you walk,a small machine the energy produced by
walking electric energy and stores it.
transforms
into
考点必记
(1)transform A into B 使A变成B
transform...from A to B 把……从A 变成B
transform into 转化成;改变为
(2)transformation n.(外观或性质的)改变,变革
7.if 引导虚拟语气
[教材原句]If I had the chance,I would clone her immediately so that I could
be with her again.如果我有机会,我会立刻克隆出她来,这样我就能够重新
和她在一起了。(P43)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①They might have found a better hotel if they (drive)a few
more kilometers.(2018·北京卷)
②If we (catch)the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our
holiday on the beach now.(2018·天津卷)
③Had I known about this computer programme,a huge amount of time and
energy (save).
④This printer is of good quality.If it (break)
down within the first year,we would repair it at our expense.
had driven
had caught
would have been saved
should break/broke/were to break
⑤We (be) back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the
map.
⑥ If Tom (spend) more time studying,he (be)
able to do well in the test now.
would be
had spent would be
[一句多译]
要不是你的帮助,我们是不会成功的。
⑦ your help,we couldn’t have succeeded.(if
there)
⑧ your help,we couldn’t have succeeded.(if it)
⑨ your help,we couldn’t have succeeded.(but for)
⑩ your help,we couldn’t have succeeded.(without)
If there hadn’t been
If it had not been for
But for
Without
考点必记
[句中if引导虚拟语气]
三种情况 虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事实相反的假
设
动词的过去式(be动
词一般用were)
would/could/should/
might+动词原形
与过去事实相反的假
设 had+过去分词 would/could/should/
might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反的假
设
(1)动词的过去式
(2)were to+动词原形
(3)should+动词原形
would/could/should/
might+动词原形
提示:(1)当if引导的虚拟条件句中的谓语动词含有had,should,were时,可将if
省略,而将had,should,were置于句首,采用倒装结构。若省略的条件句中的
谓语动词是否定形式,不能用谓语动词的省略形式。
(2)当条件句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称作
“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
(3)有时不是用条件句而是由介词短语(without没有,but for要不是)、连词
(but但是)、副词(otherwise否则等)或上下文来含蓄地表示某种假设的情况。
8.judgement(=judgment) n.判断力;看法;评价;(法律)判决
[教材原句]I think we should be cautious and use good judgement when
making decisions about cloning.我觉得在做有关克隆的任何决定时,我们都
应该谨慎小心,判断准确。(P49)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Judging her letters,Mother seems to be feeling a lot better.
②His (judge) and references are decidedly American,as well
as his delicate stomach.(2020·山东卷)
③ (judge) will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners.
(2020·山东卷)
from/by
judgement
Judges
考点必记
(1)make judgements 做出判断
(2)judge vt.审判;判决 n.裁判员;法官
judge that...断定……
judging from/by...根据……来判断
judge sb to be...认为某人是……
9.conduct vt.实施;指挥(乐队);进行;传导 n.举止;行为
[教材原句]I am sure that if you conducted a survey among UK citizens,it
would show that the majority of people would not support this type of
scientific research.我坚信,如果你对英国公民进行一项调查,就会看到大多
数人不支持这种科学研究。(P56)
语境巧练
[写出句子中conduct的含义]
①He is famous for his good conduct.
②A study conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,for example,discovered that greener
areas of the city experienced less crime.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
③Who is conducting the band this evening?
④Silver has the best quality of conducting electricity.
行为
进行
指挥
传导
考点必记
(1)conduct an experiment/inquiry/opera 进行实验/询问/指挥歌剧
conduct oneself 举止,表现
(2)conduction n.传导
conductor n.(乐队等的)指挥;售票员
(3)conductive adj.导电的;能传导的
10.majority n.多数,大多数
[教材原句]I am sure that if you conducted a survey among UK citizens,it
would show that the majority of people would not support this type of
scientific research.我坚信,如果你对英国公民进行一项调查,就会看到大多
数人不支持这种科学研究。(P56)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The majority (be) in favour of banning smoking.
②The majority of people interviewed always (prefer) TV to
radio.
③People who can speak English are the majority in this country.
is/are
prefer
in
[完成句子]
④当我有不同的观点时,我可能会选择放弃自己的看法,而去尊重大多数人
的观点。
When I have a different opinion,I may choose to give it up and
. respect the opinion of the majority
考点必记
(1)the majority of...大多数……,大部分……,后接名词复数形式。
(2)the majority单独作主语时,单数或复数形式都可以。
(3)in the/a majority占多数
11.take...into consideration 考虑……
[教材原句]In summary,I insist that you take the opinions of the people of the
UK into consideration,and end this practice immediately.总之,我坚决要求你
考虑一下英国人民的意见,立即结束这种行动。(P56)
语境巧练
[介词填空]
①Your proposals are still consideration.
②Taking everything consideration,the event was a great success.
③He showed no consideration my feelings.
under
into
for
[用consider的适当形式填空]
④They didn’t give him heavy work his youth.
⑤Damage to the building was .
⑥It is of him to wait.
considering
considerable
considerate
[完成句子]
⑦I hope my teacher will (考虑到) the fact that I
was ill just before the exams when she marks my paper.
⑧After (考虑了所有因素之后),I
decided on science as my main subject of study.
take into consideration
taking everything into consideration
考点必记
(1)give consideration to...考虑……
show consideration for体谅;体贴
under consideration正在考虑中
out of consideration for出于对……的考虑
(2)consider vt.考虑;认为
consider (doing) sth考虑(做)某事
consider+wh-clause+to do (sth)考虑做什么
consider+宾语(+to be)+adj./n./as...把……认为/看作……
(3)considerate adj.考虑周到的
considerable adj.相当多的
considering prep.& conj.考虑到;就……而言,鉴于
12.ordinary adj.普通的,一般的
[教材原句]Since only the best animals are cloned,cloned animals produce
tastier meat that offers better nutrition than the meat of ordinary animals.因为
被克隆的只是最优秀的动物,克隆动物所产生的肉味道更加鲜美,比普通动
物的更加有营养。(P57)
语境巧练
[用common,general,ordinary,usual填空]
①Jackson is a English name.
②Yesterday morning he got up earlier than ,for it was not a(n)
day.
③We are working together for a purpose.
④Despite the threat of war,people went about their work as .
⑤The opinion is that the conference was a success.
common
usual
ordinary
common
usual
general
[完成句子]
⑥她是一位热爱自己的工作并对学生表现出极大感情的普通教师。
and shows great affection
for her students.
She is an ordinary teacher who loves her work
考点必记
[易混辨析]
common,general,ordinary与usual
(1)common侧重“普通”,表示“时时发生,人所共有”,其反义词为rare。
(2)general侧重“普遍”,表示在大多数人或事物中流行并受到关注,其反义词
为specific。
(3)ordinary与common基本同义,侧重“外表平凡的,普通的”,表示“随时可以
碰到,不值得惊奇”,其反义词为superior。
(4)usual用来指事物,强调习惯性,一贯如此,意为“通常的,惯常的”,含有“随
集体风俗或个人习惯而常常发生”之意,其反义词为unusual。
13.confirm vt.&vi.证实,证明;确认;使确信
[教材原句]Therefore,we cannot confirm that food from cloned animals is
really safe for humans to eat.因此,我们还不能确认克隆动物形成的食品人
类吃起来是否真的安全。(P57)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① has been confirmed that there was no such danger.
②I came here to confirm you are understanding or not.
③The official (confirm) that the paintings were originals and
worth as much as $50 million.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
It
whether
confirmed
考点必记
confirm sb in sth使某人确信某事
confirm sth/that...证实……
confirm whether...or not确认是否……
It has been confirmed that...已经确定……
14.in favour of 赞同,支持
[教材原句]Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favour
of nature?会有人说为了保护自然就应该停止发展吗?(P58)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①They are favour of keeping a fine balance between socio-
economic development and the spiritual needs of the people.
②That might be in (you) favour.
in
your
[完成句子]
③我写信告诉你一些关于我即将到来的暑假的计划,我也希望你帮我一个
忙。
I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer
vacation and I also want you to . do me a favour
考点必记
do sb a favour=do a favour for sb帮某人一个忙
in sb’s favour对某人有利
out of favour(with)失宠;不再受欢迎
ask a favour of sb请某人帮个忙
owe sb a favour欠某人一个人情
15.比较级形式表示最高级
[教材原句]Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified(GM)food.
转基因食品就是最好的例子。(P59)
语境巧练
[一句多译]
汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
①Tom is more intelligent than student in his class.
②Tom is more intelligent than the other students in his class.
③Tom is more intelligent than all students in his class.
④Tom is more intelligent than anyone in his class.
⑤ is as intelligent as Tom in his class.
⑥No one is intelligent than Tom in his class.
⑦Tom is intelligent student in his class.
any other
any of
the other
else
No one
more
the most
考点必记
句中nowhere...truer...是比较级的形式表示最高级的含义。在英语中,否定
词与比较级连用表示最高级的含义,譬如,“no other+单数名词/nothing/no
one/nobody/none...+比较级+than...”,意为“再没有比……更……的了”。
最高级意义的多种表达法:
(1)比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数
(2)比较级+than+any of the other/all the other+可数名词复数
(3)比较级+than+anyone else
(4)否定词+so/as+形容词/副词原级+as
(5)否定词+形容词/副词比较级(+than)
(6)the+形容词/副词最高级
16.permission n.准许,许可,批准
[教材原句]Since no one really knows whether GM food is safe,many
countries have hesitated to give permission for the production of GM foods,as
they would rather be cautious with this new technology.由于没有人确切地知
道转基因食品是否安全,许多国家在是否允许生产转基因食品问题上犹豫
不决,他们宁愿对这项新技术持谨慎的态度。(P59)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①No one is allowed into the lab without the teacher’s (permit).
②The rules of the club do not permit (smoke).
③Cash machines permit you (withdraw) money at any time.
④Even if you have a ,I won’t you to enter the hall
without my .(permit)
permission
smoking
to withdraw
permit permit
permission
[完成句子]
⑤ (如果时间允许),we’ll discuss both questions.
= (如果时间允许),we’ll discuss both questions.
If time permits
Time permitted
考点必记
(1)with/without(one’s)permission得到/未经(某人的)允许
ask sb for permission征求某人的许可
give sb permission to do sth允许某人做某事
have one’s permission得到某人的同意
(2)permit n.许可证 vt.允许
permit sth/ (one’s) doing sth允许某人做某事
permit sb to do sth允许(某人)做某事
work/entry permit工作/入境许可证
permit doing sth允许做某事
permit of容许(常用于否定句)
随堂巩固 迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.You can ask for (profession) help if you need.
2.The manager thought he was a (rely) person and told him all
about the new plan.
3.Such a mistake would perhaps lead to very harmful
(consequent).
4.Recently the company has called for supporters to join a “one person,one
mail” campaign to push for (permit) for it to operate in Hong
Kong.
5.I think he did it by accident,not by (intend).
professional
reliable
consequences
permission
intention
6.In order to start reading this book you must have had some idea that the
physical symptoms you were experiencing were due to (anxious).
7.He did her great favour by giving her some valuable suggestions
on her essay.
8.His success was a long history;but (brief) speaking,he
succeeded after many failures.
9.I would like a job which pays more, on the other hand I enjoy
the work I’m doing at the moment.
10.The majority who attended the meeting yesterday (be)
students.
anxiety
a
briefly
but
were
Ⅱ.短语填空
in favour of,push ahead with,burn out,toy with,take into consideration
1.The building was in a big fire.
2.While she was talking to me,she a pencil.
3.When comparing prices,one has to the quality of the goods
.
4.Are you women taking part in politics?
5.We are the educational reform across the country.
burnt out
toyed with
take
into consideration
in favour of
pushing ahead with
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.I agreed with him that some active measures should be adopt.
2.Mr Harris and three other teacher were there.
3.I’m writing to tell you about some symptoms of anxious among us students
before exams.
4.Young animals adapt quick to a new environment.
5.He is the first one finish the work.
adopt→adopted
teacher→teachers
anxious→anxiety
quick→quickly
finish前加to
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.转基因食物(GM food)是当下的一个热点话题。(hot)
2.尽管科学家在遗传学研究领域取得了重大突破,但很多人并不支持转基
因食物。(breakthrough,in favour of)
3.一方面,转基因作物更能抵御病虫害,保障更好的丰收,提高人们的收入。
(on the one hand,income)
4.另一方面,人们对转基因食物的安全性存在焦虑,担心其可能带来灾难性
后果。(on the other hand,anxiety)
5.我觉得政府应该认真考虑这个问题。(take it into consideration)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
GM food is a present hot topic.Although scientists have made a big
breakthrough in genetics,many people are still not in favour of GM food.On
the one hand,GM plants are better able to defend themselves against pests
and ensure a larger harvest and a better income.On the other hand,people
still have anxiety about its safety.They are afraid GM food may bring them
disasters.From my point of view,the government should take it into
consideration seriously.
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