Unit 2-Making a difference
单元核心考点解析&随堂专练-Section B
【词汇解析】
assistance n.帮助,援助
【课文原句】
In China,volunteers are also playing an increasingly important role in
environmental protection,disability assistance and many other fields.
在中国,志愿者们也在环境保护、伤残救助以及很多其他领域起着越
来越重要的作用。
【词汇精讲】
assistance 是不可数名词,相当于 help,意为“帮助,援助”。
One of her fellow passengers came to her assistance.
同行的一个乘客过来帮她。
【词汇拓展】
assistant n.助手;助理
assist vt.帮助
be of assistance 有帮助的
with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
assist sb with/in sth 帮助某人某事
assist sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事
assist sb in doing sth 帮助某人做某事
Not only did he assist me with the settlement problems,but also showed
me around the city.
他不仅帮我解决了安置问题,还带我参观了这座城市。
Those volunteers will assist you in finding somewhere to live.
那些志愿者会帮助你找到住的地方。
Good glasses will assist you to read.
好的眼镜会帮助你阅读。
confirmation v.证实,证明……
【课文原句】
...for confirmation 为了证实……
【词汇精讲】
confirmation 是名词,译为“证实,证明”,还可译为“批准”。
其动词为 confirm “证实,确认”。
There has still been no official confirmation of the report.
这则报告仍未得到官方的证实。
X-rays have confirmed that he has not broken any bones.
X 光片证实他没有骨折。
【词汇拓展】
confirm a theory 证实一种理论
confirm one’s belief 坚定某人的信念
It has been confirmed that ……已经证实……
The Defence Ministry refused to confirm whether the information was
true.
国防部拒绝证实此消息是否属实。
Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to
confirm a scientific theory.
通过观察和实验获得的证据经常被用来证明一项科学理论。
generous adj.慷慨的,大方的
【课文原句】
She’s usually very shy ,but she’s generous...
她通常很害羞,但是她很慷慨……
【词汇精讲】
generous 是形容词,意为“慷慨的,大方的”。
其名词是 generosity “慷慨,大方”。
Thank you from the bottom of my heart for your generous donations.
我从心底感谢你的慷慨解囊。
【词汇拓展】
be generous with sth 在……方面很慷慨
be generous to sb 对某人很大方
You can be generous with your smiles,your advice,and many other things.
你可以多奉献一些笑容,多提供一些建议,也可以在许多其他事情上表
现慷慨一些。
As far as I am concerned,not only will her generosity help those in need
realize their dreams and rebuild faith in life,but also it will motivate more
people to participate in such a good deed.
就我而言,她的慷慨不仅能帮助那些需要的人实现梦想,重拾生活信心,
而且还能激励更多人参与这样的一件善事。
hesitate v.迟疑,犹豫
【课文原句】
...never hesitates to help.
……毫不犹豫地帮忙。
【词汇精讲】
hesitate 是不及物动词,意为“迟疑,犹豫”,其后常跟动词不定式。
I hesitated for a moment before I offered my seat to her.
我犹豫了一会儿,然后把座位让给她。
【词汇拓展】
hesitant adj.犹豫不决的
hesitation n.犹豫不决
hesitate to do sth 迟疑做某事;不愿做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth(做)某事犹豫不决
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth 毫不犹豫地做某事
Don’t hesitate to contact me if you need any more information.
如果你需要更多信息,尽管跟我联系。
Considering the low salary,he declined the position without hesitation.
考虑到工资很低,他毫不犹豫地拒绝了这个职位。
sensitive adj.敏感的,容易生气的
【课文原句】
He’s sensitive...他很敏感……
【词汇精讲】
sensitive 是形容词,意为“敏感的,容易生气的”。其名词是 sense“感觉”。
You are far too sensitive.
你也太敏感了。
【词汇拓展】
be sensitive to 对……敏感的;体贴的;善解人意的
be sensitive about 介意……;在乎……
in a sense 在某种意义上
in no sense 决不(放在句首时,句子用部分倒装)
there is no sense in doing sth 做某事没有意义
make sense 有意义
make sense of 理解
There’s no doubt that the consumers are still very sensitive to the price.
毫无疑问,消费者仍对价格十分敏感。
There is no denying that people are very sensitive about their appearance.
不可否认,人们很在意自己的外表。
To be honest,it doesn’t make any sense to rent such an expensive house.
说实话,租这么贵的房没有意义。
【句式解析】
I think the support which is needed includes new technology for recycling
water and education on how to use and save water.
我认为在包括循环用水的新科技以及教育人们怎样利用和节约用水
等方面都需要支持。
【句式剖析】
该 句 为 “ 疑 问 词 + 不 定 式 ” 结 构 , 在 句 中 作 宾 语 。
whether,what,which,whom,who,where,when,how 等加不定式构成的结
构在句中起名词作用,可以作主语、表语和宾语。
There are so many amber decorations that I could not decide which one to
choose.
有如此多的琥珀装饰物,我无法决定选择哪一件。
When and where to hold the meeting remains to be discussed further.
何时何地举行会议有待于进一步讨论。
No one could tell me where to buy the interesting book.
没有人能告诉我在哪儿能买到这本有趣的书。
【句式拓展】
①在此结构中,不定式只能用主动式,而不能用被动式。
It is my honour to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn
in senior high school.
我很荣幸在这和大家分享高中要学习什么的看法。
②why 或 why not 后加不定式时,省略 to。
Why not form the habit of exercising to keep fit?
为什么不养成锻炼的习惯来保持健康呢?
...we need to not only donate money but also get new ideas.
……我们不仅需要捐钱,而且需要提出新想法。
【句式剖析】
not only...but also...“不但……而且……”,连接并列成分。其中的 also
有时可以省略。
They are not only experienced,but also patient and understanding.
他们不仅经验丰富,而且有耐心,善解人意。
I hope this opportunity will not only make you happy,but also satisfy your
interest in Chinese operas.
我希望这个机会不仅会让你高兴,还会满足你对中国戏剧的兴趣。
【句式拓展】
①若连接的两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
Not only the students but also their teacher likes playing football.
不仅是学生,老师也喜欢踢足球。
②若连接两个句子,且 not only 位于句首时, not only 后面的句子要用
部分倒装。
Not only should we raise money for them,but also we should help them
rebuild their home.
我们不仅应该为他们筹集资金,也应该帮助他们重建家园。
【语法解析】
过去分词作定语
动词-ed 形式是动词非谓语形式的一种,是高考英语考查的重点。
从性质上讲,动词-ed 形式相当于形容词或副词,因此它可以在句中作
表语、定语、宾补和状语。
下面我们主要就动词-ed 形式作定语的用法进行归纳总结。
1.单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义,常作前置定
语( preposed attribute )。
terrified people 受到惊吓的人们
polluted water 被污染的水
a broken cup 一个打碎了的杯子
注意:(1)-ed 作前置定语时,有时只有被动意义。
spoken English 英语口语
written exercises 书面练习
(2)少数不及物动词的过去分词作前置定语时只有完成的意义。
fallen leaves 落叶
boiled water 开水
the developed countries 发达国家
a retired teacher 一名退休教师
2.过去分词短语作后置定语,表示被动和完成意义。
farms abandoned by people 被人们遗弃的农场
the dictionary designed for beginners 专门为初学者设计的字典
the river polluted by the dirty water 被脏水污染的河
3.过去分词作定语,相当于一个定语从句。
The books,written by Mo Yan,were very popular.
可转化为
The books ,which were written by Mo Yan were very popular.
4.过去分词和现在分词以及动词不定式作定语的区别:现在分词表示
主动和进行,过去分词表示被动和完成,动词不定式表示将要发生。
boiling water 正在烧(煮沸)的水
boiled water 已煮沸的水
developing countries 发展中国家
developed countries 发达国家
falling leaves 落叶(正在进行)
fallen leaves 落叶(已经完成)
the meeting held yesterday 昨天举行的会议
the meeting being held now 现在正在举行的会议
the meeting to be held tomorrow 明天要举行的会议
5.某些动词的过去分词已转化成了形容词,表示某人的内心感受,有时
还可以修饰 voice,expression,look 等名词,而此种情况下的现在分词修
饰物或事情。
The frightened animals fled in all directions.
受到惊吓的动物四处逃窜。
That must be a terrifying experience.
那一定是一段可怕的经历。
From his disappointed look,I knew he didn’t pass the exam again.
从他失望的表情,我知道他又没有通过考试。
【随堂专练】
**单词拼写
1.His d prevents him from holding a job.
2.The girl student is very s to what others think of her and
easily annoyed by comments.
3.I couldn’t have gone through that bitter period without your g
help.
4.We ought not to h to meet any challenges in our life.
5.In this letter,I would like to convey my sincere appreciation to you for
your a .
6.If we wanted to go to the seashore for our vacation,we had better make
r in advance.
7.If you do not receive any c ,please contact us.
**用动词的正确形式填空
1.Nine out of ten women (interview) about the product
said they liked it.
2.The three guns (steal) from the police station were found in
the house.
3.I don’t like going to supermarkets (locate) in the centre of
the town.
4.The speaker answered all the questions (raise) by the
audience.
5.Hangzhou, (know) for its West Lake,has changed greatly.
6.A theory (put) forward by Einstein is well known to all.
7.He walked up and down the room,like an animal (trap) in a
cage.
8.Seeing the (frighten) snake,the (frighten)
girl held her father’s arm tightly.
**单句改错
1.In autumn there are many falling leaves on the ground.
2.The little frightening boy kept crying.
3.Prices of daily goods buying through the Internet can be lower than
store prices.
4.The girl be dressed in red won first prize.
5.The activity to be hold tomorrow is designed to raise our awareness of
environmental protection.
**补全句子
1.The book (一本农民写的书) is very popular.
2. (受伤的工人) are now being taken good care of in
the hospital.
3.The window (被那个顽皮的男孩打破
的) is being repaired.
4.The children (昨天在医院检查的) were
seriously ill.
5.The boy (受到老师严厉惩罚的) is
now a college student.
6.Most of the artists (被邀请去参加聚会的)
were from South Africa.
7. (受到鼓舞的学生)worked harder than ever
before.
**翻译句子
1.这个活动不仅可以丰富我们的校园生活,还能促进我们对中国传统
文化的了解。
2.为什么不经常锻炼,多吃水果和蔬菜呢?
3.下周五要举行的比赛被推迟了。
4.已经证实这对夫妻偷了邻居的贵重的包。
5.定期锻炼身体对你是有帮助的。
**语法填空
In many places like Britain and Italy,if you leave the house without
your wallet,you’ll be in a tough situation all day.But in China,you can
enjoy your day just 1. a smart-phone.
The other day,I set out 2. (see) how far a phone would
get me in the country’s capital.Admittedly,I was surprised to discover
how 3. (convenience) it was.
I used my phone to call a taxi to meet my Chinese friend,Gu Yu,4.
would guide me to get around Beijing.We paid for breakfast by 5.
(scan) a QR code on the window of a restaurant selling Jianbing,one of
China’s most popular street breakfasts.My purchase cost 6 yuan and 6.
(take) just a few seconds.At a nearby coffee shop,7. (it)
owner scanned a QR code on my phone.As we sipped our coffee,Gu Yu
paid her household water bill.She used the same simple process to pay
other bills and even her rent.We also paid by phone for movie
tickets,takeout food,shopping and for 8. (deliver).
I have known from Gu Yu that from tiny street stands to large
chains,9. huge number of people accept mobile payment,10.
(most) through popular apps Alipay and WeChat pay.
参考答案：
单句语法填空：
1. 答案:disability
2. 答案:sensitive
3. 答案:generous
4. 答案:hesitate
5. 答案:assistance
6. 答案:reservations
7. 答案:confirmation
动词恰当形式：
1. interviewed
2. stolen
3. located
4. raised
5. known
6. put
7. trapped
8. frightening；frightened
单句改错：
(1) 答案:falling→ fallen
(2) 答案:frightening →frightened
(3) 答案:buying→ bought
(4) 答案:去掉 be
(5) 答案:hold→ held
补全句子：
1. written by a farmer
2. The injured workers
3. broken by that naughty boy
4. broken by that naughty boy
5. punished severely by the teacher
6. punished severely by the teacher
7. The inspired students
翻译句子：
(1) 答案:The activity can not only enrich our school life but also promote
our understanding of traditional Chinese culture.
(2) 答 案 :Why not take exercise regularly and eat more fruit and
vegetables?
(3) 答案:The competition to be held next Friday has been put off.
(4) 答 案 :It has been confirmed that the couple stole their neighbour’s
valuable bag.
(5) 答案:Taking exercise regularly is of assistance to you.
语法填空：
with;to see;convenient;who;scanning;took;its;delivery;a;mostly
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