M8U2
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Welcome to Reading
1. universal
a topic of universal interest
a universal truth
the origin of the universe
go to university
It’s universally acknowledged that Mozart is a talented musician.
人们普遍认为
/
公认
……2. cast (cast, cast)
The economic crisis cast a shadow over his future.
We cast our net wide to get the right person for the job.
千方百计网罗
cast a vote/ballot
cast/throw/shed light on
使人对
……
有新认识
;
阐明
He was cast in the role of Othello.
He was cast as Othello.
---choose which people will act particular parts in a play or film
类似于：
play the role/part of
an all-star cast
If you were cast away on a deserted island, what would you miss most?
(
因沉船而
)
流落
(
荒岛、荒岸
)
He was cast down by the sad news.
使情绪低落
3. awesome
Your performance is really awesome.
= wonderful; terrific
He was a pretty awful driver, and almost scared me to death.
=terrible 可怕的
4. stubborn
She is as stubborn as a mule and refuse to change her mind.5. condemn
The prisoner was condemned to death.= be sentenced to death
She knew that society would condemn her for leaving her children.
谴责
His occupation condemned him to spend long periods of time away from his family./ ...to a life of poverty. = force6.dare
实义动词
(
可用于任何句型
)
Does he dare to go alone?
He doesn’t dare (to) go alone.
情态动词（否、疑、条件句）
He daren’t go alone.
Dare he go alone?
If he dare cheat in the exam, he will be punished.
She wanted the book badly, but she dared not ask for it.
（情态动词的过去式）
I dare say things will get better.
我想，我认为，大概，可能
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7. ask for one’s hand in marriage
He asked for her hand in marriage after the war.= propose to sb.
求婚
marry sb.
结婚
get/be married to sb.
be engaged to sb.
订婚
8. He fell in love with her at first sight.一见钟情
He fainted at the sight of blood.
There was no one in sight.
Out of sight, out of mind.
see the sights
go sightseeing9. seize
The army has seized control of the country.
seize sb. by the arm
seize/grab/grasp a chance/an opportunity
He was suddenly seized with guilt.
忽然感到一阵
10. demand
He tried to meet/satisfy the customers’ demands.
meet one’s needs/requirements
Books on popular science are in (great) demand.
需求量大
a demanding job
Her mother could be very demanding at times.
adj. 要求高的
vt.
的用法详解：
①The UN demanded that all troops (should) be withdrawn.
②She demanded an immediate explanation.
He demanded an apology from the boss.
③I demand to see the manager.
He demanded to be told the truth.
④No matter what she did, more was demanded of her.
He has most of the qualities demanded of a leader.
⑤They demanded of her to leave immediately.
= require sb. to do11. evident
It soon became evident/obvious that she was seriously ill.12. scold
Her father scolded her for upsetting her mother.
= criticize
Stop lecturing me, will you?
---
lecture
: talk angrily for a long time
13. merciful
The guard is merciful to the prisoners.
We were at the mercy of the weather.
a merciless killer
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show mercy to
have mercy on
have/take pity on
have sympathy for
sympathize with
同情；支持
14. dawn
We set off at dawn.
at dusk
黄昏时分
from dawn to dusk15. deadline
We are working hard to meet the deadline.
He missed the deadline for applications.16. broken
a broken window
a broken leg
broken English/French
He died of a broken heart.
He was broken-hearted when his girlfriend left him. Grammar to Task
1. unemployment
He has been on unemployment/welfare for two years.
领救济金
He has been unemployed for a month.= be out of work; jobless
失业
employer employee
the unemployment rate2. personnel
He made a complaint to the Personnel Department.
人事部门
human resources
All the medical personnel are busy with the survivors of the gas explosion.
医疗人员
staff
全体员工
crew
船员，机组人员
3. chorus
He sings with the university chorus.
“Thank you!” the kids cried in chorus.
异口同声
4. bachelor
He is the most eligible(
理想的
) bachelor in town.
钻石王老五
bachelor party
-- a party on the eve of a man’s wedding for him and his male friends 单身汉聚会
receive a Bachelor’s degree of Arts/Science
学士
a Master’s
硕士
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a Doctor’s
博士
Ph. D. (
哲学
)
博士
Doctor of Philosophy5. collection
a stamp/coin/record collection
The painting comes from his private collection.
收藏品
There was a collection of books on the floor.
批
Your suit is ready for collection.
取走
6. chart
bar/flow/pie chart
柱状图；流程图；饼状图
Her new single became a number one hit on the pop charts.
排行榜
Cook charted the coast of New Zealand in 1768.
vt. 绘制地图
Project
1. root
Jazz has its roots/origins in the folk songs of African Americans.
起源于
be rooted in
be anchored in
originate in2. trend 【C】趋势；潮流
The young started a trend towards living in the downtown area.
current trends in language teaching
当前的潮流
trendy/fashionable/stylish clothes
时髦的
follow the fashion
赶时髦
3. tendency 【C】趋势；倾向
There has been a tendency towards recycling.
There is a tendency among young people to get married at a later age.
Young people have a tendency to get married… =tend to
children with anti-social tendencies4. gradual
There has been a gradual change ___ climate.
I practised every day, and __________ got better.5. decline
There has been a decline in the size of families.
It is widely believed that educational standards in that school are in decline/on the decline.
下降，衰退，走下坡路
She declined an invitation to the party.
The spokesman declined to comment on it.
---refuse politely 婉言谢绝
6. seek (sought, sought)
He went to California in 1848 to seek his fortune.
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seek employment
seek a neighbor’s advice/help
=seek advice/help from a neighbor
The school is seeking to reduce the dropout rate.
试图，设法
7. prejudice 【C&U】偏见
Interviewers are often influenced too much by their personal prejudices.
There is little prejudice against Asian students.
He has a prejudice against modern Jazz.
I must admit a prejudice in favor of American universities.
“Pride and Prejudice”
by Jane Austen
The jury is prejudiced against him.
8. discrimination 【U】歧视
a victim of racial/race/sexual/sex/religious discrimination
discrimination against the elderly
discrimination in favor of the young
He showed great discrimination in his choice of friends.
辨别力，鉴赏力
discriminate against
歧视
discriminate/distinguish fact from opinion
discriminate between … and…
区分
9. break up
The police moved in and broke up the meeting.
If a parent dies, the family may break up.
When do you break up for the Dragon Boat Festival?
Use a fork to break up the soil.
解散；散伙； 散学
;
物理分解
break down
机器坏；谈判破裂；身体跨掉；感情失控
;
化学
/
物理分解
break in
break into
I am sorry to break in on you, but your wife is on the line.=interrupt
break away from
break out
break through the enemy line
make a breakthrough
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