非谓语动词
中考专项复习 语法篇之
中考考点
1. 动词不定式的用法。
2. 动名词的用法。
3. 现在分词或过去分词的用法。
考点一 动词不定式
1.作主语 (1) 常用 ____ 作形式主语,而将真正的
主语__________置于句末。
常用句型结构为 (a) ____+_____+(____________)
+_________.对于某人来说做某事是...的。
例1 向老师寻求帮助是必要的。
__________________________is necessary.
=___ is necessary _____________________.
例2 听见你的声音真是太好了!
__________________________ is so nice .
= ___ is so nice ___________________________.
it
to do
It’s adj. for/of sb
to do sth
To ask the teacher for help
It to ask the teacher for help
To hear your voice
It to hear your voice
(b) ____+_____+(____________)+_________.
例 1 帮助你学英语是我的荣幸。
___ is my pleasure ___________ with your
English .
(c) ___ takes sb... ___________.花费某人...时间去
做某事。
例 1 每天做作业花费我3个小时的时间。
_____ takes me three hours _________
every day .
(2) 用于某些谚语中
例 1 眼见为实。 ___________ is _____________.
例 2 说起来容易做起来难。 _______ is easy ,but
_______ is hard .
It’s n. for/of sb. to do sth.
It to help
It to do sth
It to do my homework
To see to believe
To say
to do
注意 :1. 动词不定式做主语时谓语动词用
_________形式。
2. 在句型(1)中,for多为描述 不定式行为
特征 的词,如:important ,necessary 等。
而多为描述 主语的品质特征 的词,如 :
clever , kind , friendly 等。
例 1 It is easy ____ her to learn English well .
例 2 It is clever ____ you to solve the problem .
单数
for
of
2.作宾语(1)即: 由_______+ ________ .后接不
定式作宾语的动词有
____,_____,______,_______,______,________,
_______,____,_______,_______,______等。
例 1 I hope __________ there before dark.
我希望天黑以前到那儿。
例 2 She plans ________________ in the
country . 她希望去乡村教书。
动词 to do sth
to get
to go and teach
(2)在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作______,
而将______移至形容词之后,构成“_____+_____
+____(形式宾语)+________(形容词/名词)+
_______”结构。
例1 我发现解决这个问题很难。I
found________________________________.
(3)用在 动词+______ +_______ 之中,此句型
中 _____ +______ 合起为动词的 宾语。
例 1 我不知道接下来该做什么。 I don’t know
___________ next .
例 2 他不能决定买哪本书。 He can’t decide
_____________.
形式上的宾语
真正的宾语 主语 谓语
it 宾语补足语
to do sth
it hard to solve this problem
特殊疑问词 to do sth
特殊疑问词 to do sth
what to do
which book to buy
3.作宾语补足语
(1) 动词 + ______ (sb/sth) +_______ 后面
能接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有
______,_____,_____,_____,_______,_______
_,_______,_______ 等。
例1 The teacher told us _________
Exercise 1.
老师告诉我们做练习一。
宾语 to do sth.
to finish
(2) 一些 _______动词和_______动词也用不定式作
宾补。这时不定式要_____to。这些动词有:一感
_______、二听______ ,________、三让
_______,_______,______、四看
_____,______,______ ,________。但这些动词变
_______语态时,作补语的不定式必须_____to。
例1 We often ________________. 我们经常听见
她唱歌。
被动语态: She _____ often ____________.
使役 感官
省略
feel listen to, hear
make let have
watch see look at notice
被动 还原
hear her sing
is heard to sing
4.作状语
常见的状语有_______状语、______ 状语、
_______状语等。
(1) 原因状语 主语 + be + ______ (表情感)+
__________.
例1 听到那事我很难过。 I am sorry
_________________.
例2 见到你我很高兴。 I am glad
__________________.
原因 目的
结果
adj.
to do sth.
to hear that
to see you
(2) 目的状语 即 ______
例1 那个人闯进屋里去救那个女孩。 The man ran
into the room ________.
(3) 结果状语
例1 常用于 ________+______/______+ _______ 结
构和 _____/______ enough ______ 结构中。
例1 他太小不能去上学。
He is ____ ____ ____________.
He is not _____ _____ ____________.
do sth to do
to save that girl
too adj. adv. to do sth.
adj. adv. to do sth.
too young to go to school
old enough to go to school
5.作定语
动词不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词的
______,作____定语。若不定式结构中的动词是不
及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,则不
定式后面要加上适当的_____。
例1 I don't have a partner __________________.
我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。
例2 I had to find a place ___________.
我不得不找一个住的地方。
后面 后置
介词
to practice English with
to live in
6.作表语 即 be 词 之后
例1 Their duty is
__________________________ the animals.
他们的职责是照看动物。
to look after
考点二 动名词
动名词由“______+______”构成,其
与______同形。动名词既有_____的性质,也
有______ 的性质。
1.作主语
动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语,在很
多情况下可以_____ 。
例1
______________________/________________
_______ is bad for your eyes.过度地玩电脑游
戏对你的眼睛有害。
动词 ing
现在分词 动词
名词
通用
Playing computer games too much To play computer games
too much
2. 作宾语 即 _______+_______ 结构
后常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有
_____,______,______,______,______,______,______,
______,_______ 等。
后接doing作宾语的动词和短语记忆口诀:
完成实践值得忙______, _______,
_______,_________
继续习惯别放弃 ________ , ________, _________
考虑建议不禁想_________ , ________,
_______ ,_______
例1 Have you _____________ the book? 你读完这
本书了吗?
动词 doing sth.
finish practice
be worth be busy
go on get used to give up
consider suggest
couldn’t help feel like
finished reading
3.作表语
例1 The nurse's job is
____________________________ the patients.
护士的工作是照顾病人。
4.作定语
例1 I often go to the __________________. 我经
常去阅览室。
[注意] 有些词后既可接不定式又可接v.ing形式作宾
语,但表达的意义不同。常见短语:
remember , forget , stop , need , try , hear 等
looking after/taking care of
reading room
考点三 分词
分词分为_____分词和______分词两种。现在分词
(v.ing)有_____、_____之意;过去分词(v.ed)有
_____、_____之意。
1.作定语
例1 China is a ___________ country. America is a
____________ country.中国是一个发展中国家,美
国是一个发达国家。
例2 I know the boy _______ Li Ming.
我认识那个叫李明的男孩。
现在 过去
主动 进行
被动 完成
developing
developed
named / called
2.作宾语补足语
例1 I saw her _______________ .我看见她正站
在一棵树下。
例2 I want to have some photos _________. 我
想拍几张照片。
3.作状语
例1 ________________, they went into the
room. 他们有说有笑地进了房间。
4.现在分词与过去分词的区别
(1)在语态上,现在分词表示______,过去分词
表示_______ .
(2)在时间上,现在分词表示________ 的动作,
过去分词表示________的动作。
standing under a tree
taken
Laughing and talking
主动
被动
正在进行
已经完成
二. 考点过关训练
I. 词汇运用
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.It's very nice of you ________ (help) me.
2.My computer doesn't work. I must have it ________
(repair).
3.Please stop ________ (smoke). It's bad for your health.
4.The kids had fun __________ (swim) in the water.
5.We decided ________ (visit) the Great Wall.
6.I'd like you ________ (go) shopping with me.
7. As we all know, it's impolite to keep others ________
(wait) for a long time.
8.John used to ________(get) up late, but now he's used to
________ (get) up early.
9.Would you mind ________ (give) your seat to the old man?
10.Students in our class have finished ________ (read) the
article.
11.The movie is very educational and it is well worth
________ (see).
12.That made me ________(feel) very happy.
13._______________ (ride) a bike to the countryside must
be a lot more fun. I can't wait.
14.Lost in Thailand is a Chinese comedy ________ (direct)
by Xu Zheng.
Ⅱ.单项选择
1.[2016·长春] I bought a big box ________ books for kids in poor
areas.
A.collects B.to collect
C.collect D.collected
2.[2016·绥化] His grandparents are used ________ in the morning.
A.to exercise B.to exercising C.exercise
3.Entering the house, I found Jane ________ something.
A.write B.writing C.wrote
4.—What would you like for breakfast?
—I don't feel like ________.
A.to eat something B.eating anything
C.to eat anything
5.My watch needs ________, but I have no time to go to town to
have it ________.
A.to repair; repaired
B.to be repaired; repairing
C.repairing; repaired
三. 作业 : 完成配套的习题训练