Unit 5 Working
the Land
U s i n g
L a n g u a g e ( 2 )
Learning objectives
In this class, you will
1. work out the content, structure and language
features of the text；
2. write your opinion in an essay about
chemical farming or organic farming.
Warm-up
What does the picture show?
ü Where?
ü What?
ü Why?
ü …
CHEMICAL VERSUS
ORGANIC FARMING
Pre-reading: prediction
Read the text, check your prediction and answer
the questions:
ü What is chemical farming?
ü What is organic farming?
While-reading: Activity 1
ü What is chemical farming?
Chemical farming is farming using chemical
pesticides and artificial fertilizers.
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers
have been in widespread use in farming since
the middle of the 20th century. (Paragraph 1)
common
ü What is organic farming?
Organic farming is simply farming without
using any chemicals.
Read the text, and answer the questions on page 56.
1. Why did many farmers welcome the introduction
of chemical farming?
2. What concerns many people about the use of
pesticides?
3. What is one problem with the use of chemical
fertilizers?
While-reading: Activity 2
While-reading: Activity 2
4. How is organic farming different from chemical
farming?
5. Why do organic farmers change the kind of crop
grown in a field every year?
6.(1) What is the goal of using organic farming methods?
(2) Do you think it can be reached? Why or why not?
1. Why did many farmers welcome the introduction
of chemical farming?
Many farmers welcomed them as a great way
to fight crop diseases and increase production.
2. What concerns many people about the use of
pesticides?
Their long-term use can sometimes harm both
the land and people’s health.
Over time, however, what some scientists have
found is that their long-term use can sometimes
harm both the land and people’s health.（Paragraph 1）
3. What is one problem with the use of chemical
fertilizers?
Crops grown with them usually grow too fast
to be rich in nutrition.
4. How is organic farming different from chemical
farming?
Organic farming is simply farming without
using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on
keeping their soil rich and free of disease
through natural means.
5. Why do organic farmers change the kind of crop
grown in a field every year?
Different crops are grown because they put
important minerals back into the ground,
making it ready for the next batch of crops.
6. (1) What is the goal of using organic farming
methods?
The goal of using organic farming methods
is to grow good food while avoiding
damage to the environment or to people’s
health.
6. (2) Do you think it can be reached?
Why or why not?
Yes, I think this goal can be reached.
Farmers worked for centuries without using
any kinds of chemicals and without harming
the environment, and the food they produced
was just fine.
Match the main ideas (A-D) below with the paragraphs.
Then complete the sentences in the table. (P56)
While-reading: Activity 3
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers have been
in widespread use in farming … Over time, however,
what some scientists have found is that their long-term
use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s
health.
For example, … they often have less flavor as well.
Paragraph 1-2
Main idea：D The problems with chemical farming
Paragraph 1-2
Main idea：D The problems with chemical farming
Detail：
• Pesticides can kill helpful bacteria and insects.
• Some pesticides have been prohibited because
of the damage they cause.
• Crops grown with chemical fertilizers usually
grow too fast to be full of nutrition.
Paragraph 3
Main idea：
Detail：
A What organic farming is
• Many organic farmers use natural waste
from animals as fertilizer.
Paragraph 4
Main idea：
Detail：
C Organic methods for producing rich soil
• They often change the kind of crop grown in each
field every year.
• They also plant crops that use different depths of
the soil to help keep it rich.
Paragraph 5
Main idea：
Detail：
B Why man-made chemicals are still
used in farming
• Organic farming is nowhere near being able to
meet the high demand for food around the world.
Read the text again and complete the table below
with the help of the signposts in it.
While-reading: Activity 4
Read the text again and complete the table below
with the help of the signposts in it.
While-reading: Activity 4
Chemical farming
Benefit: üfight crop diseases
üincrease production
(serve the high demand for food
around the world)
Chemical farming
Problem:
1. pesticide—sometimes harm land and people’s
health
• kill helpful bacteria and insects
• stay for a long time and affect crops, animals
and people
2. chemical fertilizer—not rich in nutrition and
have less flavor
Chemical farming
Solution: switch to organic farming
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers have been
in widespread use in farming since the middle of the
20th century. When they were first introduced, many
farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop
disease and increase production. Over time, however,
what some scientists have found is that their long-
term use can sometimes harm both the land and
people’s health.
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
For example, pesticides can damage… but also
helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals … for a
long time. This affects the crops … and, in turn, the
animals and humans who digest them. In fact, some
pesticides like DDT … As for chemical fertilizers, …
They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside …
and they often have less flavor as well.
Organic farming
Benefit: ü keep soil rich and free from disease
through natural means
• natural waste from animals as fertilizer
• change the kind of crop in each field every year
• plant diverse crops using different depths of soil
Organic farming
Problem:
ü unable to serve the high demand for food
around the world
Organic farming
Solution: There is still a long way to find a
suitable solution.
As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic
farming, and many customers have turned to organic food
when they shop at the local grocery. … For example,
many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as
fertilizer. This makes the soil in their fields richer in
minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free of
chemicals.
Paragraph 3
something offering the possibility of different choices
Paragraph 4
Organic farmers also use many other methods to
produce rich soil. They often change the kind of
crop grown in each field every year. For instance,
they may grow corn or wheat … Organic farmers
also plant diverse crops that use different depths of
soil to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts …
Paragraph 5
Some people … What keeps them from doing so is
the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand
for food around the world. Organic farming is
nowhere near able to meet that need. Therefore, there
is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts
sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping
people and the environment as healthy as possible.
Signposts
1. Add more information:
…, but also… ; …, and …as well;
In addition, …; also; Moreover…
2. Explain or support a point:
For example, …; For instance, …
3. State a conclusion: Therefore, …; Hence...
Signposts
4. Say something that contrasts with what has
just been said:
…, but…; …, however, …; nevertheless...
5. Sequencing: In turn, …
6. Emphasizing: In fact, …
7. Introducing a new topic/thing:
As for…; As an alternative, …
Discussion
1. Is the author of the passage for or against
organic farming? How do you know?
2. What other disadvantages of organic farming
can you think of?
Post-reading: Activity 1
1. Is the author of the passage for or against
organic farming? How do you know?
Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-
made chemicals in agriculture entirely. … Organic
farming is nowhere near able to meet that need.
Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable
solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table
while keeping people and the environment as healthy
as possible.
2. What other disadvantages of organic
farming can you think of?
ü higher cost of producing food
ü greater effort required to farming
ü …
Write an essay showing whether you support chemical
farming or organic farming. Complete the outline first.(P57)
Post-reading: Activity 2
Topic sentence: In my opinion, _____farming
is preferable to _____ farming because________.
Point 1: _________________________
(Detail ) _________________________Supporting
details/evidence
Argument 1 (Topic
sentence)
Organic farmers also use many other methods to
produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop
grown in each field every year. For instance, they may
grow corn or wheat in a field one year and then grow
beans there the next. … Organic farmers also plant
diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help
keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the
ground’s surface, …
Conclusion: __________________
Review
Conclusion: __________________
Conclusion: In closing, exploring space provides
the world with many different benefits.
Opinion: However, others feel this is a shallow view
which fails to realise how exploring space
helps us.
Rephrase the opinion
Opinion
Body
* argument /topic sentence
* supporting details
Rephrase the opinion
Summary
ü Do you do a good job of expressing your opinion?
ü Does each paragraph have one main idea?
ü Does each paragraph have at least one detail to
support its main idea?
ü Do you sequence the points in a logical order?
ü Do you do a good job persuading others to accept
your opinion?
Use the checklist to review your draft.
Homework
Finish and revise your draft.
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