Brevity is the soul of wit.
言以简为贵
Among the grammar items,which kind
of grammar can reflect this point?
Ellipsis and Elliptical sentence
They are widely used in our daily life.
Can you give us some examples?
a. I’d like to
b. beg your parden?
c.John gives more help than Tom does.
d. Sounds good to me
e. Sorry to hear that
f. Good idea
…
Definition:
为了使语言简洁人们常常把某些词省掉，
这种现象为省略，这种句子为省略句。
The function of it let’s translate some
sentences to make you understand it better
迈克说过他第二天要来学校看我,但是他并没有(来)
Mike said that he would come to school to see
me the next day, but he didn’t.
约翰是1994年的获胜者鲍勃是1998年(的获胜者)
John was the winner in1994 and Bob in1998.
真理讲话声太低,虚伪hypocrisy(讲话声)太大
Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud.
强调重点
突出信息
避免重复
减少累赘
连接紧密
结构紧凑
THE TYPES OF Ellipsis
句子成分的省略：
观察下面所给出的例句说出省略的句子成分是什么？
Beg your parden.
Haven’t seen you for ages
(even)The wisest man cannot know everyting
Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash and you’ll dry.
Are you ready?--- yes, I am.
The river was deep and the ice thin.
(you have got the ) Wrong number
He spent part of the money,and the rest he saved.
He didn’t come though he promised to
Subject
Subject
Adverbial
Object
Predicative
Predicate
Subject &
Predicate
Attributive
infinitive
1) (You) Come in, please.
2) (I) See you tomorrow.
3) (I) Thank you for your help.
4) (I) Beg your pardon.
简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语: 祈使句中的主语通常被
省略; 其他省略主语的情况多限于少
数现成的说法。
1) (It) Sounds a good idea.
2) (Will you) Have a smoke?
3) (Would you like) Something to drink?
4) (You come) This way, please.
2. 省略主语或谓语的一部分
1) ---Do you know Miss Hu?
---I don’t know (her).
2) Don’t touch anything unless the
teacher tells you to (touch).
3) ---Are you a teacher?
---No, but I want to be (a teacher).
4) ---He hasn’t finished the task.
---Well, he ought to have (finished it).
3. 省略宾语
可以省略宾语的全部;
可以省略作宾语的动词不定式, 只保
留to, 但如果该宾语是动词be或完成
形式, 则须在to后加上be或have。
NOTES
Find out what have been left out.
1. Haven’t seen you for ages.
2. Some more tea?
3. Sounds like a good idea.
I haven’t seen you for ages.
Would you like some more tea?
That/It sounds like a good idea.
4. Doesn’t matter.
5. Sorry to hear that.
It doesn’t matter.
I’m sorry to hear that.
6. Pity you couldn’t come.
7. Terrible weather !
It’s / What a pity you couldn’t come.
It is terrible weather !
并列句compound sentence和复合
句complex sentence中的省略
并列句中的省略
有人借了我的笔，但是我记不得是谁了。
Someone borrowed my pen,but I don’t
remember who.
我们能够，而且一定会赢得明天的比赛。
We can, and certainly will win tomorrow’s
match.
Who borrowed my pen
We can win tomorrow’s match
NOTES
并列句中如果后面分句与前面分句
有相同的部分就常常被省略掉以避
免重复。有时省略也出现在前一分
句中。
Rewrite these sentences by taking out the
unnecessary parts
The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was
very painful.
The burn that she got from the iron was red and very painful.
He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor.
He went to the doctor because he had to.
Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most
of the students haven’t done a first aid course.
Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most
haven’t.
She could not decide whether to send him to hospital or not to
send him to hospital.
She could not decide whether to send him to hospital or not .
复合句中的省略
While doing so, he trembled a little.
Though exhausted, he stayed up late.
Work hard when young,or you’ll regret.
What has been left out ?
While he was doing so,…
Though he was exhausted,…
Work hard when you are young,…
Notes
在状语从句中，如果谓语动词是Be，主
语又和主句的主语一致，主语和Be常可
以省略
宾语从句和定语从句中的其他一些从句
中也可以省略一些词
我希望你尽快康复 I hope you’ll be
fine soon.
这就是你一直在找的人 Here is the
man you’ve been looking for
1. that的省略
(1) 宾语从句中常省略that, 但多个宾语
从句并列时, 通常只省略第一个that。
He said (that) the text was very important and
that we should learn it by heart.
(2) 在定语从句中that在作宾语时才能省略。
The book (that) I borrowed yesterday was hers.
其他省略
2. 不定式符号to的省略
(⑴)并列的不定式可省去后面的 to。
我告诉他坐下来等一会。
I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
(2) help 当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾
补的不定式符号to可带可不带。
(⑴) I will help (to) do it for you.
I will help you (to) do it.
(3) 介词but前若有动词do, 后面不定式不带to。
The boy did nothing but play.
(4) 某些使役动词（let, make, have）及
感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice,
observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面
作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to,
但在被动语态中须将to 复原。
I saw the boy fall from the tree.
The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
The boss made us work 12 hours a day.
We were made to work 12 hours a day.
(5) 主语从句中有动词do, 后面作表语
的不定式的 to可带可不带。
What we can do now is (to) study.
3. 条件从句中有should, were或had时,
可以省略if, 但要将should, were或had
提至句首。 例如：
If I had had time, I would have run
round that lake again.
Had I had time, I would have run
round that lake again.
If there should be a flood, what should
we do?
Should there be a flood, what should we
do?
practice
1.---Will you go home tomorrow evening?
---- No,I’m going to a lecture,or at least I am planning____.
A. so B.to C. it D.that
2.---Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
---Yes.____, I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.
A.If ever B. If possible C.If anyting D.If busy
3. The pianos in the other shop will be____,but_____.
A. cheaper; not as better B.more cheap; not as better
C. cheaper; not as good D.more cheap; not as good
4. English words are easily forgotten,______.
A.if constantly repeating B. while constantly repeating
C.unless constantly repeated D.when constantly repeated
5.The research is so designed that once____nothing can be done
to change it.
A. begin B. having begun C.beginning D.begun
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