英语中的省略现象课件

英语中的 省略现象 The ellipsis in English 在英语中，为了避免重复，句子 中的某些部分经常省略，给考生 的理解增加了困难。在近几年的 NMET中，省略现象十分常见,为 帮助考生更好地迎战高考，现对 省略现象总结如下: 简单句中的省略 1、省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略。 (1) (You) Be seated, please. (2) ( I ) Thank you for your help. (3) (It) Doesn’t matter. (4) ( I ) Beg your pardon. 简单句中的省略 2、省略主/谓或主谓语的一部分 (1) (There is) No smoking . (2) (Is there) Anything else ? (3) (You come) This way,please. (4) (Will you) Have a smoke ? (5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ? 简单句中的省略 2、省略宾语 (⑴)--- Do you know Miss Gao? --- I don’t know (her). (2)--- Which of them is the better choice? --- Well, it’s hard to tell (it). 简单句中的省略 4、省略表语 (1) –Are you thirsty? --Yes, I am (thirsty). (2) His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (lazy). 5、同时省略几个成分 (⑴)--- Are you feeling better now? --- (I’m feeling) Much better (now). (2) –-Have you finished your work ? ---(I have) Not (finished my work) yet. 简单句中的省略 6. 其他一些省略结构 1) 名词所有格修饰的名词,若表示住宅/店铺/教堂 或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以 省略。 We spent the weekend at the Blacks’ (familly). 2) 感叹句中,常可省略主语it和be动词 What a wonderful victory (it is)! 简单句中的省略 3) 不定式省略,单独使用不定式符号to a)代替动词不定式后被省略的代词,常在be afraid,cxpect,forget,hope,intend,like,love, mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后边. I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to (see the film). b)在have, need, ought, be going. used等后 I didn’t want to go there, but I had to (go there) . 简单句中的省略 c)在某些形容词,glad,happy,pleased,delighted 等后 ---Will you join the game? ---I’d be glad to (join the game) . d)否定句形式的省略用notto ---Shall you go instead of him? ---I prefer not to (go there) . e)如果不定式中含有be,have,have been通常保留 be,have和have been 简单句中的省略 ---Are you a sailor? ---No, but I used to be. ---He hasn’t finished yet. ---Well, he ought to have. 注:1)主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式 的to可带可不带。 All we can do now is (to) wait. 注: 2) 某些使役动词（let, make, have）及感官 动词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作宾语补足语的不定 式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to 复原。 I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. The boss made us work 12 hours a day. We were made to work 12 hours a day. 简单句中的省略 复合句中的省略 (1)定语从句中作宾语的关系代that,which,whom 常可以省略;当先行词是time,reason,place 时 作状语的关系副词when,why,where也可以省去. This is the first time (when) he had trouble with the boss. (2)当wh-连接代/副词引导宾语从句且后边的内容 与前边重复时,可以把重复的内容省去,而保留 wh-连接代/副词. Tom was sad, but I don’t know why (he was sad). 复合句中的省略 (3)状语从句中的省略现象 一般来说，省略现象多出现与下列五种从句中: a)时间状语从句 b)条件状语从句 c)让步从句 d) 比较状语从句 e)方式状语从句 1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以 省略状语从句中的主语和动词be，这时从句中可 出现如下结构： a.连词(as,as if,once)+名词 Once (he was) a teacher,he now works in a government office. 复合句中的省略 b. 连词thouhg,whether,when+形容词 Work hard when (you are) young, or you’ll regret. c.连词(whether,as if,while)+介词短语 He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something. d. 连词(when,while,though)+现在分词 While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 复合句中的省略 e. 连词(when,if,evenif,unless,once,until, than)+ 过去分词 The exhibintion is more interesting than(it was) expected. f.连词(asif,as thouhg)+ 不定式 He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak. 2) 当从句中的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动 词be时，可以把it和be一起省略。构成: 连词(if, unless, when, whenever)+形容词 Unless (it is) necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary. 3)连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的 语序有变化。 (⑴) Had they time, they would certainly come and help us. (2) Were I you, I would do the work better. (3)Should there be a flood, what should we do? 4)if so/not 可用so/not代替上文内容 Get up early tomorrow. If not (=you don’t get up early), you will miss the first bus. 复合句中的省略 复合句中的省略 He may not be at home then if so (=he is not at home), leave him a note. 注:so/not可代替被省略的某个词,词组或句子常 代替be afraid, believe, become, call, do, expect, fear, hear, hope, imagine, say, see, speak, think, suppose等后的宾语。 ---Is he the best student in the class? ---I think so (=He is the best student in the class) . ---I think not (= He is not the best student in the class). 5)主句和从句各有一些成分省略。 The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be). 复合句中的省略 1.When first _____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 分析：when引导的时间状语从句，如果从句的主语和主句的 主语相同，且从句中谓语部分有be时，可以省略句中的主语和be， 本句中when后面省略了these products were. 2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _____ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 分析：本句when后面省略了I was 3. —Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer? —______? A. What for B. What is it C. How is it D. How come 分析：第二个人不知道为什么要倒空抽屉，所以问 为什么。What for（为什么）它的完整表达应是 What are you going to use the empty drawer for ? 4. I’m looking forward as much to her return as she herself to _____ me. A.have seen B. seeing C. meet D. be met 分析：本句后半部分as she herself to _____me是as she herself is looking forward to seeing me的省略。 6. Who can you turn to in time of danger, if not ______? A. Ourselves B. ours C. we D. us 分析： if not ______ 是if you don’t turn to us 的省略。 7. —Did you visit the museum last week ? —No, we _____, but we spent too much time shopping. A. could have B. could C. must have D. must 分析：句中we _____是we could have visited the museum last week.的省略形式。 8. —Is your mother going to the supermarket ? —No, ______. A. she doesn’t B. she’s cooking C. she gets by bus D. to a tailor’s shop 分析：根据对话的语境，表明：我妈妈不打算 去超市，而是去裁缝铺。to a tailor’s shop 是She is going to a tailor’s shop.的省略。 9. —She may not be free today. —_____, we’ll have to put the meeting off. A. If may B. If not C. If she may not D. If she may not be free today 分析：答语的前半部分的完整回答应是： If she is not free today. 1. _____, I will help you with your work. A.If I am possible B. If it possible C. If possible D. Possible 2. —Do you follow me? —Yes, _____. A.it is good B. I will C. perfectly D. very good 3. —How are you getting on with your work ? —Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as _____. • plans B. planning C. planned D. to plan 4. —Are you a teacher? —No, but I _____. I worked in a middle school for three years. • am B. will C. do D. was 5. —How many poor counties will there be in our province by 2010? —There will be only a few, if _____. A.much B. some C. any D. many 6. —Why didn’t you come to Mike’s birthday party yesterday ? —Well, I_____, but I forgot it. A. should B. must C. should have D. must have 7. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don’t take medicine _____. A. like directed B. to be directed C. as directed D. so that directed 1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 　　A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss. 　　A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ______whether he was going in the right direction. 　　A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 4. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 　　 A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 　　 B C D B 5. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. 　　A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 6. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year. 　　A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 7. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. 　　A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 8. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. 　　A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun A A A D 答案 1.C If possible：如果有可能的话。 已经成为了惯用语是If it is possible的省略。 2. C perfectly 是I follow you perfectly的省略。 3. C 事情不象计划的那样好。 完整句是：…as it was planned. 4. D but I _____是But I was a teacher 的省略。 5. C if _____的完整表达是： If there were any poor provinces…. 6. C I_____的完整表达是： I should have gone to Mike’s birthday party yesterday. 7. C 有50%的病人没有按医嘱吃药。 完整表达是：as many as 50% of patients don’t take medicine as they are directed by the doctors. Good-bye