目录
一、单词
01.现在分词作伴随状语；
02.It seems/looks as if …；
三、语法
that、which、who、whom、whose引导的限制性定语从句;
二、句型
一 本单元单词
1.disaster / dɪˈzɑ:stə(r) / n.灾难；灾害
natural disasters 自然灾害 （P47）
an air disaster 空难
It was the second in less than two months. 这是不到两个月内的第二
次空难了。
Thousands of people died in the disaster. 数千人在这场灾难中丧生。
disaster
2.slide / slaɪd / vi. & vt. (slid, slid ) (使 ）滑行；滑动
We slid on the ice. 我们在冰上滑行。
The door slid open. 门慢慢开了。
She slid the door open 她滑开了门。
slide into（使）滑入; 溜进
The thief _________the room. 小偷悄悄溜进房间。slides into
3.flood / flʌd / n. 洪水；大量
The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country. 大雨使全国许多地方泛滥成灾。
a flood of 大量的
He received a flood of thank-you letters. 他收到大量感谢信件。
vi.淹没；大量涌入
Water __________through the back door. 水从后门涌进来。
vt使灌满水；淹没
The heavy rain flooded the village. 大雨淹没了这个村庄。
floods
4. rescue / ˈreskju: / n.& vt. 营救；救援
Ten fishermen were saved in a sea rescue. 在一次海上营救行动中，十名渔民获救。
rescue sb./ sth. from… 从……中营救某人/某物
Firefighters_________________________-a burning building
消防队员从着火的大楼里救出了一个孩子。
【拓展】
rescuer /'reskju:ə(r)/ n. 救援者；救助者
Many people burst into tears when _________carried a girl out of the ruins.
当一名救援者从废墟里抱出一个女孩时,在场的许多人不禁潸然泪下。
have rescued a baby from
a rescuer
5.damage n.&vt.损失；损害
Which buildings were damaged in Seoul? (教材P48)首尔哪些建筑物受损？
体会damage的用法和意义
Damage caused by the earthquake disaster can’t be ignored.
地震灾害导致的损失不容忽视。
Eating too much meat one time will cause/do damage to your stomach.
一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。
As we all know，smoking can our health.
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
damage
[自主发现]
①cause/do damage ____________ 对……造成损害；损害……
②________________ 损害某人的健康
[巩固内化] 补全句子
①Your father is angry because you have _____________________________ the flower
beds. (damage n.)
你把花坛损坏了，你父亲对此非常生气。
②He had an accident and ___________________________________.(damage vt.)
他遇到意外事故，把自行车弄坏了。
to
damage one’s health
caused/done damage to
damaged the bike
6.destroy/dɪ'strɔɪ/ vt. 摧毁 ；毁灭
Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. 城里几乎所有的东西都被毁了。（P49）
They've all the evidence. 他们销毁了一切证据。
Heat gradually destroys vitamin C. 加热会逐渐破坏维生素C。
You have ________ my hopes of happiness. 你毁掉了我得到幸福的希望。
destroyed
destroyed
7.ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏
[合作探究] 体会ruin的用法和意义
The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，which made us awake all night.
地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。
Heavy smoking ruins your health，so you should give up smoking.
吸烟过量损害你的健康，因此你应该戒烟。
If you don’t give up the computer games，you’ll _____ .
如果再不戒掉电脑游戏，你会毁了自己的。
Shortly after suffering from a big earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took
on a new look.
在遭受大地震并沦为废墟之后不久，这座城市就呈现出新的面貌。
ruin yourself
[自主发现]
①________________ 成为废墟；毁灭
②reduce...to ruins 使……成为废墟
③________________ 自我毁灭
be/lie in ruins
ruin oneself
[巩固内化] 补全句子
①He ____________________ through drinking when he was young.
他年轻时喝酒毁了他的健康。
②Three days later, the fire was put out and some 500 blocks ____________________.
三天后火被扑灭了，大约500个街区夷为平地。
[思考] 表示“破坏”的单词还有哪些？请说出它们的区别。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
ruined his health
lay/were in ruins
(1)ruin指毁坏某种好的或者有用的东西。用作名词，意为“毁灭；废墟”。
(2)damage损坏、毁坏，指部分损坏，降低某物的价值，通常接物。
(3)destroy指彻底地破坏，一般不可修复，常作“破坏；毁灭”讲。也可以指希望、
计划等的破灭。
8. affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
effect n.效应；影响；结果 vt.引起；实现；使发生
82 killed，500，000 affected (教材P49)82人死亡，50万人受影响
[合作探究] 体会affect与effect的用法和意义
①The noise from the coming and going cars of the road affected our study.
马路上来往车辆的噪音____________了我们的学习。
②Most people present at the meeting were deeply affected by his speech.
出席会议的大多数人被他的演讲____________了。
③My parents’ divorce had a great effect on me.
父母的离婚给我带来了很大的____________。
影响
深深打动
影响
[自主发现]
④affect sb/sth 影响某人/某事
⑤be deeply ____________... 被……深深打动
⑥have an effect ____________... 对……有影响
[辨析比较]
(1) affect主要用作动词，意为“影响”，相当于have an effect on。
(2) effect作动词时指“引起；实现；使发生”，着重“造成”一种特殊的效果。作名
词时指affect(影响)的结果，常用于短语have an effect on...中，表示“对……有影响”。
affected by
on
[巩固内化]
(1)选词填空(affect/effect)
①Don’t play around here！Your noise ____________ my job badly.
②Playing computer games too much will have a bad ____________ on your study.
(2)补全句子
③The firefighter’s lung ________________ because of breathing in the poisonous gas.
由于吸入了有毒气体，那位消防队员的肺部受到了侵袭。
④What you say or do will ____________________ others.
你所说或所做的每一件事都会对别人产生影响。
affects
effect
was affected
have an effect on
9.shelter n.[C]避难处；居所 [U]庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
Shelters set up by the government(教材P49)政府设立的庇护所
[合作探究] 体会shelter的用法和意义
It’s so hot，and we’d better find a tree to take shelter from the sun.
太热了，我们最好找棵大树来遮阳。
We sat in the shade，sheltering from the sun.我们坐在背阴处，避免被晒到。
Trees the house from the wind.树给房子挡住了风。shelter
[自主发现]
①take shelter _______________... 躲避……
②________________ 保护/遮蔽……不/免受……
③________________ 躲避……
[巩固内化] 单句语法填空
①They found shelter ____________ the storm in a garage.
②We must find a place ____________ (shelter)from the downpour.
[思考] 请说出shelter作及物动词时的同义词并造句。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
from
shelter...from...
shelter from...
from
to shelter
protect
The wall can protect/shelter our houses from being flooded.
10. crack /kræk/
n.裂纹 ；裂缝
There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。（P50）
This cup has a crack in it. 这杯子有一道裂痕。
vi. & vt. (使 ）破裂
The glass will crack if you pour hot water into it. 别往玻璃杯里倒热水，不然会烫裂杯子。
The ice __________ as I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。
The little boy failed _________the walnut. 小男孩没能砸开核桃。
She dropped a plate and cracked it this morning. 今天早上她把一个盘子掉在地上打破了。
cracked
to crack
11.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊
shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的 shocking adj.令人震惊的
[合作探究] 体会shock的用法和意义
I looked at my husband in shock，waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood
everything. But he only shook his head.
我震惊地望着丈夫，期待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。但他只是摇了摇头。
His situation was a great shock to us all.
他的处境使我们大家都大为震惊。
I to hear that our factory would have to close.
听说我们工厂将被迫关闭，我非常震惊。
was shocked
The news of his sudden death is so shocking that everyone is very shocked at it.
他突然死亡的消息如此令人震惊，以至于每个人听到时都感到很震惊。
[自主发现]
①____________ shock 震惊；吃惊
②be a shock to... 使……吃惊
③________________ 做某事很吃惊
④be shocked ____________ 对……感到震惊
in
be shocked to do sth
at
[巩固内化] 完成语段
People ________________ that the UFO was flying over the city. The ____________
news ____________ all the people around，which was also a great ____________ people
all over the country.
人们十分吃惊地发现不明飞行物在这座城市的上空飞行，这个让人震惊的消息震动
了周围的人们，也使全国各地的人们感到震惊。
[思考] 请说出shocked和shocking的区别。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
were shocked to see shocking
shocked shock to
shocked adj.“感到震惊的”， 表示人的心理状态和心理感受； shocking adj.“令人
震惊的”， 说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。
12.trap /træp/ vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套
Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were
trapped and to bury the dead.
地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。（P50）
be trapped in… 被困在……中
Some of the workers the ruins. 有些工人被困在废墟中。
trap sb into（doing）sth诱使某人（做）某事
They ______________________ their son. 他们诱使她嫁给他们的儿子。
n. 险境；陷阱
A fox was caught in a trap. 一只狐狸掉进了陷阱里。
Some women see marriage as a ______. 有些妇女把婚姻视作围城。
were trapped in
trapped her into marrying
trap
13.bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心
[合作探究] 体会bury的用法和意义
She buried her face in her hands and wept.她掩面而泣。
Since his wife left，he’s buried himself in his work.
自从妻子离开以后，他一直专心于工作。
in his study，he didn’t know that all the others had left.
他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。
Buried
bury...in...
be buried in
bury oneself in
[巩固内化] 一句多译
由于他埋头读书，所以他不知道外面下雨了。
→______________________________________________________，he didn’t know it
was raining outside.(使用连词because)
→____________________________________，he didn’t know it was raining
outside.(使用现在分词burying作状语)
→_____________________________，he didn’t know it was raining outside.(使用过去
分词buried作状语)
Because he buried himself in/was buried in the book
Burying himself in the book
Buried in the book
14.breathe / bri:ð / vi.& vt.呼吸
Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。（P50）
It’s good for the health to breathe deeply. 做深呼吸对身体有益。
Most people don't realize that they are breathing polluted air.
大多数人没有意识到自己正呼吸着污染了的空气。
【拓展】
breath /ˈbreθ/ n. 气息；呼吸；一口气
You can see people’s breath on a cold day. 冷天能看到人们呼出的空气。
She took a deep breath. 她做了一次深呼吸。
one’s breath 屏住气
上气不接下气Out of breath
hold
15.revive / rɪˈvaɪv / vt.& vi复活；（使 ）苏醒
Tangshan began to revive itself and get up on its feet again.
唐山开始恢复元气，重新站起来。（P50）
They managed to revive the injured driver at last. 他们最终使受伤的司机苏醒了过来。
The flowers soon in water. 这些花见了水很快就活过来了。
The economy is beginning . 经济开始复苏。
revived
to revive
16.wisdom / ˈwɪzdəm / n. 智慧；才智
Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people
must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
唐山市已向中国和世界其他地区证明：在灾难时期，人们必须团结一致, 展现智慧，保
持积极的心态，重建更光明的未来。（P50）
A man of great wisdom often appears slow . 大智若愚。
【拓展】
wise / waɪz / adj. 聪明的；有智慧的
She made a very decision. 她作了一个非常明智的决定。
I'm wiser after ten years in the business. 在商界混了十年之后，我变得聪明了。
wise
17.erupt / ɪˈrʌpt / vi.& vt. ( 火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出
The couple volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
火山爆发后这对夫妇自愿帮忙。（P52）
An active volcano may erupt at any time. 活火山会随时喷发。
A fight has outside the restaurant. 饭馆外发生了斗殴。
【拓展】
eruption /ɪ'rʌpʃn/ n. 火山爆发；（战争等）爆发
The eruption of the volcano destroyed many villages. 火山爆发破坏了很多村庄。
erupted
18. tap / tæp/
vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
He was busy tapping away at his computer. 他埋头敲着电脑键盘。
He me on the shoulder. 他轻轻地拍了拍我的肩膀。
n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
the hot/cold tap热水 / 冷水龙头
He never drinks tap water. 他从不喝自来水。
Turn the tap on/off . 打开 / 关上龙头。
Don't leave the tap running. 别把水龙头开着白白流水。
He felt a tap on his shoulder and turned round. 他觉得有人轻轻拍他的肩膀便转过身来。
tapped
19.whistle / ˈwɪsl /
vi.吹口哨；发出笛声
whistle for help 吹哨求救。（P52）
The crowd whistled as the player came onto the field. 那队员上场时，人群吹口哨。
The kettle began to whistle. 烧水壶呜呜地响了起来。
vt. 吹口哨
He a tune as he was walking. 他一边走，一边用口哨吹曲子。
n. 哨子（声）；呼啸声
He scored the winning goal just before the final whistle. 他就在终场哨声前打进了制胜的一球。
He listened to of a train. 他听着火车呼啸而过。
was whistling
the whistle
20.emergency/ iˈmɜ:dʒənsi / n. 突发事件；紧急情况
Call an emergency number. 拨打紧急电话（P53）
We must keep as cool as a cucumber . 我们要在危急时刻保持镇定自若。
This door should only be used in an emergency .这道门只能在紧急情况下使用。
emergency room/ exit急诊室/紧急出口
emergency care 紧急救治
in an emergency
21.aid / eɪd /
n.援助；帮助；救援物资
first aid 急救
economic /emergency aid 经济 / 紧急援助
with the aid of 在…的帮助下
He succeeded with the aid of a new method he discovered.
借助于自己发现的一种新的方法，他获得了成功。
vi.& vt. (formal) 帮助；援助
the poor farmers, the government provided them with a lot of money.
为了帮助贫穷的农民，政府给他们提供了很多钱。
To aid
22. sweep /swi:p/ vt. & vi. ( swept, swept) 打扫；清扫
Could you please sweep the floor?
你扫扫地好吗？
Sweep the leaves into the corner where they won't be noticed.
把落叶扫到墙角去,那儿不会被人注意.
sweep away消灭；彻底消除
Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars away by huge wave.
渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被巨浪冲走了。（P54）
The boy helped Mother sweep the dirt away. 男孩帮助母亲清除尘土.
Let's sweep away the broken glass. 让我们把这些碎玻璃扫走.
were swept
23.wave / weɪv /
n.海浪；波浪
Cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake.
汽车被强烈地震引起的巨浪冲走了。
Children were playing in the waves . 孩子们在海浪中嬉戏。
vi.& vt. 挥手；招手
The people on the bus waved and we waved back.
公共汽车上的人挥手致意，我们也向他们挥手。
They came to the front door to . 他们来到前门挥手告别。wave goodbye
24.deliver/ dɪˈlɪvə(r) /
vt. & vi.递送；传达
However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult food and supplies.
然而，危险的状况和被毁坏的道路将使运送食物和供应品变得困难。（P54）
vt. 发表
The president will deliver a speech about the economic development.
总统将就经济发展发表讲话。
vt. 接生；生(小孩)
be delivered of a baby 分娩；生孩子
She was delivered of a healthy boy. 她生下一个健康的男孩儿。
to deliver
25. summary /ˈsʌməri / n. 总结；概括；概要
A summary is a short statement of the main points. 摘要是对要点的简短陈述。（P55）
Here's a summary of the day's news. 下面是今日新闻简报。
in summary总的来说
, this was a disappointing performance.
总的来说，这场演出令人失望。
to sum up 总结
In summary
26.effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
[合作探究] 体会effort的用法和意义
Another reason why we should never give up is that we can learn from our mistakes only
if we .
另一个让我们永不放弃的理由是，只有我们努力了，我们才能从错误中学习。
The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save money.
公司为节省资金遣散了150名工人。
If it is a matter of life and death，we should solve it.
如果这是一个生死攸关的问题，我们就应该不遗余力地去解决它。
make an effort
spare no effort to
[自主发现]
①make ____________ effort to do sth 努力做某事
②____________________ 为了做某事
③____________________ 不遗余力地做某事
an
in an effort to do sth
spare no effort to do sth
[巩固内化] 一句多译
我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
→We’ll _________________________________________ you，but you must get prepared
to meet all kinds of difficulties.
→We’ll ________________________________________ you，but you must get prepared
to meet all kinds of difficulties.
→We’ll _______________________________________ you，but you must get prepared to
meet all kinds of difficulties.
try/do our best to help
make an effort to help
spare no effort to help
27.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.受苦 sufferer n.患病者；受苦者；受难者
suffering n.苦难；痛苦
What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need？(教材P51)
你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？
[合作探究] 体会suffer的用法和意义
As far as I know，he has ever suffered from a serious illness.
据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。
The gas price dropped sharply，and many countries suffered great losses.
油价急剧下跌，许多国家遭受巨大损失。
The old man is said to have gone through varieties of sufferings during the war.
据说这位老人在战争期间经历了各种痛苦。
[自主发现]
①suffer pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hardship遭受痛苦/失败/损失/贫困/艰难
②________________ 受……之苦；患……病
suffer from...
[巩固内化]
(1)选词填空(suffer/suffer from)
①Fortunately he ____________ no pain.
②They ________________ all kinds of diseases in those years.
(2)单句语法填空
③A lot of money has been collected to help those ____________(suffer) from the floods.
suffered
suffered from
suffering
28. power n.电力供应；能量；力量；权力 powerful adj.强有力的
Go to an open space away from buildings，trees，or power lines.(教材P53)
去一个开阔的地方，远离建筑物、树木或电线。
[合作探究] 体会power的用法和意义
China is a country where the people are in power.中国是个人民掌权的国家。
It is reported that as soon as the new president comes to power，he will meet with a lot
of problems.据报道，新总统一上台就会有很多问题(需要解决)。
With years’ hard practice，he now has the power to finish the action perfectly.
经过数年的艰苦训练，现在他能完美地完成这个动作。
The difficult job is .这工作太难了，我干不了。beyond my power
[自主发现]
①be in power 执政；掌权(状态)
②________________ 上台；执政(动作)
③________________ to do sth 具有做某事的能力
④beyond/out of one’s power 某人力所不能及的
[词块积累]
seize power夺取政权
turn off the power关掉电源
come to power
have the power
[巩固内化] 补全句子
①Since he ________________，he has been ____________ for almost five years.
自从他上台，已执政将近五年了。
②I’m afraid it’s ____________________ to help you.
我恐怕无力帮助你。
came to power in power
beyond my power
29.calm adj.镇静的；沉着的；平静的 vt.&vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定
Stay calm.(教材P53)保持冷静。
[合作探究] 体会calm的用法和意义
Calm down！There is nothing to worry about.
冷静下来！没有什么可担心的。
She tried to calm them down but only to make matters worse.
她尽力使他们平静下来，不料却适得其反。
Tina tried to ignore the danger，and did her best to keep calm.
蒂娜试图不理睬危险，尽量保持镇静。
[自主发现]
①________________ 平静下来
②________________ 保持镇静
③________________ 使某人平静/镇定下来
[辨析比较]
(1)calm意为“平静的，沉着的”。指无风浪或人的心情不激动。
(2)quiet意为“宁静的，安静的”。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、忧虑。
(3)still意为“静止的，不动的”。指没有运动或动作的状态。
(4)silent意为“寂静的，沉默的，不出声的”。指没有声音或不讲话。
calm down
keep calm
calm sb down
(2016全国一）Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a
woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
They told her to stay ________ until the emergency
personnel arrived.
A.quiet B. still C. away D. calm
B
[巩固内化]
(1)选词填空(calm/quiet/still/silent)
①She is a ____________ girl. She stood ____________ and kept ____________ when
the teacher asked her some questions. But after a while she answered all the questions in a
____________ voice.
(2)补全句子
②He ______________________ before danger. How brave he is!
在危险面前他保持镇静。太勇敢了！
③After she ____________________，she sang better.
她平静下来后，歌唱得更好了。
quiet still silent
calm
remained/kept calm
calmed down
30. supply n.[C]供应量，补给量；(多用复数形式)补给品；[U]供应，补给 vt.供应；
供给
The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the
country.(教材P52)向灾区提供的物资来自全国各地。
[合作探究] 体会supply的用法和意义
I’d like to know the reason why the milk is in short supply in this area now.
我想知道目前该地区牛奶供应不足的原因。
I don’t know whether they have a good supply of food in the area.
我不知道这个地区是否有良好的食物供应。
The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes to the local people since the
earthquake occurred.
→The government has supplied the local people with plenty of food and clothes since
the earthquake occurred.
政府在地震后已经向当地人民提供了大量的食物和衣服。
[自主发现]
①________________ 短缺
②____________________ 备有许多……
③supply sth ____________ sb 向某人提供某物
④supply sb ____________ sth 给某人供应某物
in short supply
have a good supply of...
to
with
[巩固内化] 补全句子
①__________________ has been cut off because of the terrible earthquake.
因为可怕的地震，水供应被切断了。
②We can _______________________________________ whatever you need.
我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。
③Potatoes ______________________________________ because of the bad harvest.
马铃薯因为收成不好，供应短缺。
[思考] 表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：
________________________________________________________________________
The water supply
supply you with
are in short supply
provide sb with sth; provide sth for sb; offer sb sth；offer sth to sb等。
31.survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过 survivor n.幸存者；生还
者 survival n.[U]幸存；[C]残存物
She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.(教材P52)
她在喂养地震中生还的婴儿。
[合作探究] 体会survive的用法和意义
I don’t know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy’s salary.
我真不知道你们只靠杰里米的薪水是怎样生存的。
As far as I know，the old woman survived her husband by ten years.
据我所知，这位老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。
If he couldn’t find his way out of the forest，there would be little chance of survival.
如果他找不到走出森林的路，他生存的可能性很小。
[自主发现]
①survive sth 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来
②________________ 依靠……生存下来
③A survive B (by...) A比B活得长(……)
[名师提醒]
(1)survive本身已表示“幸存；幸免于”，因而不要加多余的in或from。
(2)当survive意为“比……多活多长时间”时，用“A survives/survived B by＋时间”
结构表示。
survive on
[巩固内化]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①After he ____________ the earthquake，the old man became one of the few
____________ of the family and his ____________ made his old friends very
happy.(survive)
(2)补全句子
②After the traffic accident，____________________ except a girl who was badly injured.
交通事故之后，除了一个受伤严重的女孩没有一人幸存。
③They did not know how the boy could ____________________.
他们不知道那个男孩是怎么挨过这个寒冷之夜的。
survived
survivors survival
no one survived
survive the cold night
32.crash vi.& vt.碰撞；撞击 n.(汽车的)撞车事故；(飞机的)失事；撞击声
The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into
coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6，500 people in Indonesia, India,
Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. (教材P54)昨天，过去40年来最强烈
的地震引发的海啸袭击了亚洲各地的海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来
西亚以及至少其他四个国家6 500多人死亡。
[合作探究] 体会crash的用法和意义
①A lot of passengers were killed in the train crash.
许多旅客在____________中丧生了。火车相撞
②The car crashed into a big stone and burst into flames.
汽车突然____________一块大石头上并燃烧起来。
③The tree fell with a great crash all of a sudden.
突然，那棵树____________倒了下来。
[自主发现]
④________________ 撞到……上/里
⑤________________ 哗啦一声
[词块积累]
a loud crash 一声巨响 an air crash 飞机失事 a crash of thunder 一声炸雷
撞在
哗啦一声
crash into/onto...
with a crash
[巩固内化] 补全句子
①He was the only one to ____________________.
他是飞机坠毁中的唯一生还者。
②I accept that the plane has no choice but to ____________________________.
我认为那架飞机只有坠入海里，别无选择。
survive the crash
crash into sea
33.strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；罢工；打动；迷住；
突然想起；报时 n.罢工；罢课
The undersea quake struck around 7：00 am Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s
Sumatra Island. (教材P54)这场海底地震发生在星期天早上7点左右，地点在印度尼西
亚苏门答腊岛西海岸。
[合作探究] 写出下列句中strike的含义
①The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake.____________
②It struck me that I had left my bag and books at home.____________
③When the clock strikes six，the children go home for dinner.____________
④They went on strike for higher pays.____________
⑤The area was struck by an outbreak of flooding.____________
迷住
突然想起
报时
罢工
侵袭
be struck by...
go on strike
自主发现
⑥_______________被。。。打劫/袭击
⑦sth strike sb
⑧it strikes sb that
⑨_____________举行罢工
某人突然想起
Badly________by the monster, the Snow White
is totally frightened.
A. to strike B. struck
C. striking D. strike
B
二 本单元句型
01.现在分词作伴随状语；
02.It seems/seemed as if …；
1.现在分词作伴随状语
原文句子：Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the
water.
老鼠跑出田野找地方躲藏，鱼跳出水面。
句子解析：此句整体上是and连接的两个并列连句，and前的句子中的looking for…为现
在分词作伴随状语，look与主语Mice是主动关系，因此要用现在分词looking。
例句： He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby
boy. （2018 全国III 完形填空）
他出现在医院，带着给刚当妈妈的Lindsey和她的宝贝儿子的礼物。
2. It seems/seemed as if …
原文句子：It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！
似乎世界就要灭亡！
句子解析： as if＝as though“仿佛；好像”，引导表语从句。
例句： Hurry up! It seems as if the train is going to leave.
快！似乎火车要离开了。
三 本单元语法
that、which、who、whom、whose引导的限制性定语从句；
一、定义
1.在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词
或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
2.关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和关系副词(when，
where，why等)两类。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who引导的定语从句
The children who were injured in the car accident are being treated in the hospital now.
目前，在车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。
Danny was the man who we rescued from the ruins.
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。
who指人，在定语从句中可以充当____________________。主语、宾语
2.whom引导的定语从句
Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.
罗丝是你应该关心的人。
The boy(whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
whom指人，在定语从句中作____________，可省略，也可用____________代替。宾语 who
3.whose引导的定语从句
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.
我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。
He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。
whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作
____________。定语
4.which引导的定语从句
The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring(which) he had lost on the train.
那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。
The little girl is having an apple which is big and red.
小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。
which指____________，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。物
5.that引导的定语从句
The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)
The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.
地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)
that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作_________________，作宾语时可以省略。
习惯上指人多用____________替代，指物多用____________替代。
主语、宾语或表语
who/whom which
[注意]
(1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从
句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
[提醒]
关系词有两个作用：
一、引导定语从句
二、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。
理解概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。
[巩固内化]
(1)用适当的关系代词填空
①Do you know the man ____________ is talking with your mother?
②This is the person ____________ you should thank for helping your son.
③The girl ____________ graduated from Cambridge University is called Amanda.
④I like those books ____________ topics are about history.
⑤Any student ____________ family is too poor to go to school can get help from the
government.
⑥Look，here are some people ____________ I want you to meet.
who
who/whom
who
whose
whose
who/whom/that
⑦Do you still remember the chicken farm ____________ we visited three months ago?
⑧The picture ____________ was about the accident was terrible.
(2)判断正误
昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。
⑨The film (that/which)we saw it last night is very frightening.( )
⑩The film (that/which)we saw last night is very frightening.( )
that/which
which/that
F
T
三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
1.当先行词为all，little，few，some，none，something，everything，nothing，
anything，much等不定代词时。
Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做了。
2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食品。
3.先行词被all，every，the only，the very，the last等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。
The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.
她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。
I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
4.当先行词既指人，又指物时。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
1. 非限制性定语从句
非限 起补充说明作用，在句子中不充当成分，缺少也不会影
响全句的理解，
2. 介词 + which
1. (2019全国二) Now Irene Astbury works from 9a.m. to 5p.m.
daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ___ ___ she opened with
her late husband Les.
2. (2016浙江卷) Scientists have advanced many theories about
why human beings cry tears, none of ______ has been proved.
A. whom B. which C. what D. that
which
which
(2017全国一)
3. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the
health.
（2017北京卷）
4. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great
inventions.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
(2015安徽卷)
5. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education
depends.
A. it B. that
C. whose D. which
which
A
D
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