Unit 5 基础知识
1. 辨析 few & little & a few & a little
few 表示 (肯定/否定), 意为“ ” 修饰 名词
a few 表示 (肯定/否定), 意为“ ”
little 表示 (肯定/否定), 意为“ ” 修饰 名词
a little 表示 (肯定/否定), 意为“ ”
2. 辨析 quite a few & quite a little
quite a few
意为“相当多,不少”;
修饰可数名词复数。
They have been married for quite a
few years.
quite a little
意为“相当多,许多”;
修饰不可数名词。
There is still quite a little milk in the
bottle.
3. none & no one 辨析
none
意为“没有一个人或物”,既可指人,也可指物;课作代词或
副词,表示全部否定;
作代词表示 3 者或 3 者以上的否定;
作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数都可,可以和 of 连用。
None of us know/
knows him.
no one
意为“没有一个人,谁也不”,专指人,不与 of 连用;做主
语时谓语动词用单数。
No one knows
how to do it.
4. every one & everyone
every one
意为“每个,每一”;
既可指人,也可指物,后可+of 短语
Every one of us is here.
everyone
意为“每人,人人,所有人”,代词,只可指人,后
不接 of 短语;
作主语时,其后谓语动词用单数。
Everyone is here.
5. any one & anyone
any one
意为“任一,任何一个”,既可指人,也可指物;
其后可+of 短语。
Is any one of you in the
office?
anyone
意为“任何人”,代词,一般用在否定句和疑问
句中;只用来指人,其后不可+of 短语。
Is anyone in the office?
6. 征求别人意见,询问某人对某人或某物、某事的看法
What do you think of ...? = How do you like...? = How about...?
e.g. What do you think of going shopping with us?
=How do you like going shopping with us? = How about going shopping with us?
7. It is/was one’s first time to do sth. 意为“某人第一次做某事”
“first time”可替换成“second time”, “third time”, ...“last time”等,表示“第某次”做某事。
8. nothing ... but... 意为“除......外什么也没有”
当前有 do 时,but 后面的动词可以省略 to;前面没有 do 时,but 后面的动词要+to
e.g. He has nothing to do but sleep. (省略 to)
He has no choice but to sleep. (不能省略 to)
9. bored & boring
bored
adj. 意为“厌倦的,烦闷的”,修饰人
be bored with “对...感到厌烦” I am bored with the boring
lecture.
boring
adj. 意为“令人厌烦的,无聊的”,
一般用于修饰物,表示某物给人的感觉
10. arrive v. 不及物动词;
(1) arrive 的基本意思是“到达”,可用于具体地点,也可以用于指抽象事物,还可表示
“(时间)到来”;
(2) arrive 引申可表示“新鲜事物的出现”“人在事业等方面取得成功”等。
arrive at 表示“到达某地点”时,往往指到达较小的地点;
arrive in 表示“到达的区域”时,往往指较大的地方;
arrive on 则表示“到达某现场”。
11. decide v.
意为“对...做出抉择,决定,选定;裁决,判决;影响(或决定)...的结果;成为(某人)做
某事的原因”。
decide to do sth. = decide on doing sth. 意为“决定做某事”
e.g. She decided to live in Jinan. = She decided on living in Jinan.
decide & make up one’s mind
decide
表示“做出一定的选择”,强调经过
考虑或商议。
She decided to live in Jinan.
make up one’s mind
意为“打定主意”,与迟疑、困惑、
动摇等相对,表示不再犹豫不决等。
She made up her mind that
she would win.
12. try v. 意为“尝试;设法;努力”
try to do sth.
意为“设法努力做某事”;
强调付出一定的努力,想要把事情做成;
try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事
He tried to solve the
problem.
try doing sth.
意为“尝试”做某事。
表示一种尝试、试试看的想法,不一定付出很多
努力。
He tried to solving
the problem.
13. seem v. 意为“好像,似乎,看来”
其后可+to do 不定式、名词或形容词等 e.g. They seemed (to be) very happy.
14. feel like
feel like
意为“给......的感觉,感受到”,
其后+名词或从句
This new man-made material feels like
real father.
意为“喜欢/愿意做某事”,
其后+名词、代词或动名词
I feel like giving a party.
15. make a difference 意为“改变; 起(重要)作用; 有...不同”
(1) make a difference 意思是对某事产生巨大的影响或者作用,尤其是好的方面.
可以用这个短语∶ make a big/ a great deal of / a lot of difference
e.g.The fact that I can now organize my own time makes a big difference.
现在我能自己安排时间了,这对我有很大的作用。
(2) 当想改变一件事情的时候,可以用∶We hope that we can make a difference!
difference
(1) difference 作“差异,区别”时,指一事物区别于另一事物的不同之处,可指事物之间
的本质差别,也可指事物之间的非本质的差别,可充当不可数名词,也可作可数名词。
(2) difference 还可作“差距,差额”,指的是事物之间存在的一个差额值,作不可数名词。
(3) difference 引申还可作“分歧,争执”,这时常用作复数形式。
16. wonder
(1) v. 意为“想知道,琢磨”;后+at/about/从句,意为“对某事感到惊奇”;
“I wonder if...”常用来表示委婉的请求。
(2) n. 意为“奇异,奇观” “(It is) no wonder that...”意为“难怪......”
17. because & because of
because
连词,后+句子,用来回答 why 提出的问题,
或者解释原因。
I bought that house because it
was large.
because of
介词短语,后面+名词、代词、动名词或短
语。
The game was cancelled
because of the rain.
18. below & under
below
adv. 意为“在下面,到下面”;
prep. 意为“在......之下”;
表示在下方,但不一定垂直。
The sun is below the horizon.
under 表示在......下面,表示垂直于下方。 Nobody under 18 is allowed to buy alcohol.
19. enough
(1) adj. 意为“足够的,充足的,充分的”;修饰名词时,可放在所修饰的名词前或后;
We have enough time/ time enough to finish the work.
(2) adv. 修饰形容词或副词,须置于所修饰的词后;
The ride is wide enough for three buses to run side by side.
20. another
在句中意为“另,又,再”,与数词连用可与 more 互换
We need another three chairs. = We need three more chairs.我们还需要三把椅子。
21. top
意为“顶部,表面”,常用于短语 at/on the top of (在......顶部)
At the top of a mountain there is a big tree.
22. dislike v.意为“不喜欢,厌恶”,其后可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。同义词 hate。
I dislike playing computer games.
23. 语法补充
1. 一般过去时补充:
(1)有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确切时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或
存在的状态,这时也要用一般过去时。
I didn’t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。
(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去
时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are in Paris.)
(2)有些动词,如 except,hope,intend,plan,want 等,用于一般过去时且后接不定
式的完成时或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般时,表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或
希望。
I hoped to have been invited to attend his wedding ceremony
→ I had hoped to be invited to attend his wedding ceremony.
我本希望他来邀请我参加他的婚礼。
2. 不定代词中由 body,one,thing 等构成的合成代词∶
somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody
someone, anyone, everyone, no one, none
something, anything, everything, nothing
当以上合成代词与形容词连用时,不定代词在前,形容词在后。
e.g. We went to eat something special for lunch.