专题 英语人教版高一必修一定语从句基础版

1 / 14 授课主题 专题复习之必修一定语从句 1（1）的讲解 教学目的 通过对本节知识点的学习使学生： 1.理解并熟练掌握重点单词的分类 2.掌握词组及句型的用法 重、难点 重点单词及句型的掌握 教学内容 课程导入 什么是从句，什么是定语从句 知识讲解 概念引入： She is the girl who sings best of all. This is the best film that I have ever seen. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. Give me the book whose cover is green. 语法点拨 定语从句的定义 Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good. 2 / 14 他前天买的那本书很棒。 He is the man whom we should learn from. Her friend whose home is very far came to see her. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词 后面。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：上面例子中的关系代词 who, whom, which, that 是用来引导定语从句的连接 词。这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。例如： Those students who study in this school are good at football. （who 代替先行词 students 在从句中充当主语） There is still much homework which we must finish. （which 代替先行词 homework 在从句中充当宾语） 关系代词引导的定语从句 I. who 和 whom 1. who 和 whom 代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用 who 引导，作宾语时用 whom 引导。 The girl who is singing is my best friend. His friend who works as a doctor is very interesting. I have to find the boy whom I saw yesterday. He is the man whom I met yesterday.  练一练：who 还是 whom？ 1. The man _______ is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 2. Do you know the girl _______ I talked to just now? 3. Is he the man _______ wants to see you? 2. whom 在定语从句中充当宾语时常可省略，注意 whom 可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词 的宾语，而介词提前时 whom 不能省略。 Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. 3 / 14 Ling Feng is just the boy (whom) I want to see. (whom 代表先行词 the boy 作动词 see 的宾 语) This is the girl (whom) he worked with. (whom 代表先行词 the girl 作介词 with 的宾语) This is the girl with whom he worked. (whom 不 能省略) 3. 在口语和非正式语体中关系代词 whom 常用 who 代替，可省略。 The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. II. which 先行词是事物，在从句中作主语或宾语时，我们就用 which 引导定语从句。同样，在从 句中作宾语时可以省略，但是此介词提前，不能省略。 They had a radio which could send out messages. He told us a story which made everyone laugh. (代替先行词 story 在从句中作主语) Where is the car (which) you bought last month? The package (which) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which 在从句中作宾 语） They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had refused to sell to tourists. (2016 浙江高考) III. that 1. 代替先行词 radio 2. which 在从句中作主语 3. 代替先行词 car 4. which 在从句中作宾语 4 / 14 that 前的先行词可以是人也可以是物。指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相 当于 which。that 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises by one million. 来这个城市参观的人数每年增加一百万。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天上午看见的那个人在哪儿？ I’ve got a novel (that/which) you may like to read. 我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。 IV. whose whose 可以指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，表示“……（先行词）的”，若指 物，可以同 of which 互换。 …the prince went to the house looking for the girl whose foot fit the shoe… ……王子去那幢房子，寻找脚能穿上那只鞋的女孩儿…… (whose foot 指女孩儿的脚) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. (whose roof 指房子的屋顶) 我曾经住在一个屋顶塌陷的房子里。 The classroom whose door (=the door of which) is broken will soon be repaired. 门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。 Do you like the book whose cover (=the cover of which) is yellow? 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗？ 必须用 that 作为连接词的情况 技巧 1 看先行词是什么东西。 1.当先行词是 all, anything, nothing, everything, none, much, little, few, the one 等不定代词时。 He did everything that he could to save the patient. 他做了能做的一切来挽救这个病人。 I mean the one that was sold yesterday. 我的意思是说昨天被卖掉的那个。 There’s nothing in the world that can defeat him. 这世界上没有能打败他的东西。 All that I want is peace and quiet. 我想要的一切就是和平宁静。 2. 当先行词既有人又有物时。 Look at the girl and her dog that are crossing the street. 快看正在过街的小姑娘和她的小狗。 We’ve still remember things and persons that appeared in the school. 5 / 14 我们还记起来发生在学校的一些人和事。 技巧 2 看先行词被什么修饰。 1.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 The first lesson that they learned is the most difficult of all. 他们学的第一课是最难的一课。 This is the most interesting book that I’ve ever read. 这是我读过的最有意思的一本书。 2. 当先行词被 the very, the only 修饰时 This is the very book that I’m interested in. 这正是我感兴趣的那本书。 The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们能做的唯一的事情就是等待。 3. 当先行词被 all, any, every, no, only, very, last, next, one of 等词所修饰时。 You can take any seat that is free. 你可以坐任何一个空座。 I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 我已经读完了你给我的所有书。 注意：以 which, who 等开头的疑问句中，用 that 引导从句，以避免重复。 Which is the car that killed the old lady? 要了老太太的命的是哪辆车？ 不能用 that 作为连接词的情况。 1. 在非限制性定语从句中。 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳给地球升温，这点对我们很重要。 2. 关系词在从句中作介词宾语且介词提前时。 He took the money away without which they couldn’t live. 他把那些钱带走了，没有这些钱我们没法活。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖这片土地，从那儿我们取得了食物。 3. 当先行词本身是 that 时。 What’s that which flashed in the sky just now? 刚从天空一闪而过的是什么？ 关系词的省略和关系词的数 关系词的省略 6 / 14 1. 当关系词代表先行词在从句中作宾语的时候，一般可以省略。 He would give me the book (which/ that) he bought yesterday in the shop. 他会给我他昨天在商店买的那本书。 I hated those people (whom/ that) I met in the party. They were so rude. 我讨厌在晚会上遇到的那些人。他们太粗鲁。 2. 在下面两种情况下，关系词也不能省略。 1）非限制性定语从句中。 They came from Beijing, which I love very much. 他们来自北京，那是我非常喜欢的一个城市。 2）从句的介词提到关系词前面时。 I am still looking for the book about which they talked yesterday. 我还在找我们昨天谈到的那本书。 关系词的数 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，要根据先行词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。 He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。 God helps those who help themselves. 自助者，上帝也助之。 She is the only one who knows the secret. 她是唯一知道这个秘密的人。 She is one of the teachers who know the secret. 她是知道这个秘密的老师之一。 巩 固 练 习 一、选择合适关系代词（which，who，whom，whose，that）填空 1. He has written a book _________ name I’ve forgotten. 2. This is the factory _______ I visited. 7 / 14 3. It is the third dress _______ she has tried on today. 4. This is the most interesting book _______ I have ever read. 5. He is a man _______ means what he says. 6. Those _______ pretend to know what they do not know will be punished one day. 7. Who is the man _______ you just shook hands with. 8. The student with _______ we were talking is the tallest student in our class. 一、选择合适的关系代词（which，who，whom，whose，that）填空 1. whose。代替先行词 book，在定语从句中作定语，表示“书的”。 2. which/that。代替先行词在定语从句中作 visited 的宾语，可以省略。 3. that。try on 试穿，先行词 dress 作 try on 的宾语，用 that/which 引导定语从句，但因为 有序数词修饰，只用 that。可以省略。 4. that。因为有最高级修饰，且代替先行词 book 作定语从句的宾语，用 that，可以省略。 5. who/that。代替先行词 man 在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。 6. who。先行词是人，且在从句中作主语，用 that 或 who 引导从句；又因为 those，who 是最佳答案。 7. that。先行词是人，且在从句中作宾语，用 that/whom/who 引导从句；又因为主句主语 Who，that 是最佳选择。 8. whom。先行词是人，作从句介词宾语，且介词提前，用 whom。 本知识点小结 对定语从句 1 做个总结。 做题目的时候有什么启发？ 能否有个知识框架呢？ 8 / 14 课 堂 检 测 三、单句改错 1. Anyone likes it can borrow it from me. 2. The man you saw him just now is my math teacher. 3. He is a person who often help me. 4. He is the person whose the family is very rich. 5. Apple eaters are healthier than those don’t. 6. There are many people, but none of whom I know. 7. That is all what I have known. 8. Is this the book that you are interested? 9. This is the longest train which I have ever seen. 10. The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong. 11. They talked for about an hour of the girl and her story which they read in the newspaper. 12. Did you see the man whom I nodded just now? 13. I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you. 14. I’ll tell you all what he told me last week. 9 / 14 15. On the wall hung a picture, which color is blue. 三、单句改错 1. 本句缺少作从句的主语的关系代词，先行词为 anyone，关系代词应为 who/that. 2. 本句中从句部分的 him 重复，关系代词代替先行词 the man 已经在从句中充当宾语，并 且省略，him 指代重复，应该删去。 3. 本句从句部分的谓语 help 形式错误，从句的主语 who 代替的先行词 a person 为单数， help 应该用第三人称单数形式。 4. 定语从句中，whose 修饰名词 family，the 多余。 5. those 所带的定语从句中缺乏主语，应该补充 who，从句承前省略 eat apples。 6. none of whom I know 为从句，和第一句构成主从句的关系，而不是并列句的关系，删 去 but。 7. 当先行词为不定代词（all）时，关系代词应该用 that，what 不是关系词，不能用于引 导定语从句。 8. 本句中的从句部分句子结构不完整，are interested 不能直接接宾语，应增加介词 in。 9. 从句的先行词被形容词最高级 the longest 修饰，关系代词只能用 that 而不是 which，当 然在本句关系代词代替先行词作从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，把 which 改为 that 或者省略关系代词。 10. 从句中关系代词 which 代替先行词作从句的宾语，故从句中 it 多余，应该去掉 it。 11. 本题中的先行词既有人又有物，关系代词应该用 that 而不是 which，因此应该把 which 改为 that。 12. 从句中 nod 为不及物动词，不能直接带宾语。分析句子逻辑，关系代词 whom 应该代 替先行词 the man 在从句中作宾语，因此需要补充介词 to，nod to sb. 向某人点头示意。 13. 在定语从句部分，关系代词代替的先行词是 I, 根据主谓一致的原则，从句的谓语用 am 而不是 is。 14. 本句包含的是定语从句而不是名词从句，定语从句的先行词为 all，并且指物，因此关 系代词应该用 that 或者省略。 15. 定语从句部分先行词和 color 一起构成从句的主语，并且二者是所属关系，关系词应 该用 whose 而不是 which。 10 / 14 课堂总结 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词 后面。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：上面例子中的关系代词 who, whom, which, that 是用来引导定语从句的连接 词。这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。例如： Those students who study in this school are good at football. （who 代替先行词 students 在从句中充当主语） There is still much homework which we must finish. （which 代替先行词 homework 在从句中充当宾语） 家庭作业 单项选择 1. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 2. Please pass me the dictionary ______ cover is black in the book shelf. A. which B. its C. that D. whose 3. —Is this the museum ____ you visited the other day. —I have no idea. A. that B. whose C. to which D. the one 4. This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 5. (2016 北京高考) I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise. A．whose B．why C．where D．which 6. —Is this the shop _______ sells children’s clothes? —Yes, I think so. A. in which B. where C. 不填 D. that 7. Is there anyone in your class ______ family is in the country? 11 / 14 A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 8. I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 9. That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 10. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 11. You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it. A. who; / B. /; whom C. whom; / D. /; who 12. This picture ______ has a house and flowers is the one ______ I like best. A. who; which B. which; that C. who; who D. whose; that 13. She is the girl ______ I guess is a good student. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 14. —Did you ask the guard _______ happened? —Yes, he told me all _______ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 15. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 16. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 17. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 18. Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 19. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 20. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which 短文改错 (2016 广东湛江期末) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中 12 / 14 共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 Great changes have been taken place over the past five years in my hometown, that is a famous historic city. The streets used to be narrow, filling with small shops. Rubbish can be seen everywhere. Nowadays the streets are wider and clean with trees and flowers planted along the sidewalks. Besides, four new parks have been open to public and a number of high buildings has arisen in the city. However, some of the historic buildings have been torn down to make rooms for the high buildings. Our city now is modern and clean and it has lost its own special characteristics. From my opinion, we should try to protect all the historic buildings in the process of urban development. 二、单项选择 1. B. 先行词为 things and persons，要填的关系代词代替先行词在从句中作宾语，所以用 that。 2. D. whose 和 cover 一起构成从句的主语部分，whose 在从句中作定语。 3. A. that 作从句部分的宾语（不是地点状语）。 4. A. 本句话的先行词应该是 films, 因此关系代词 that 是复数概念，其谓语动词应用复数 的被动语态 have been shown。如果句中的 one 前面使用了定冠词 the，则 the one 应该 视为先行词。 5. A。a couple（一对夫妻）是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children 和 couple 是所属关 系，故用 whose 作定语，whose children 相当于 the children of whom，故选 A。 6. D。要填的关系代词代表先行词 shop 在从句中作主语，所以填 that，不能省略。 7. D. whose 引导定语从句, 在从句中作主语 family 的定语。 8. A. that 引导定语从句, 因为先行词是 all, 所以只能选用 that 引导。 9. A. which 是关系代词，在从句中作 forget 的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。 10. C. two thirds of whom 即 two thirds of the 2,000 workers. 11. D. 先行词 person 后有两个定语从句，第一个从句省略了关系代词 whom/who，因为作 13 / 14 从句中 met 的宾语，可以省略；第二个从句中 who 做主语，不可省略。 12. B. this picture 为物用 which，而先行词为 the one 只能用 that。 13. C. I guess 为插入语，who 在定语从句中作主语。 14. A. what happened 是宾语从句。all 之后 that he knew 是定语从句。先行词是 all，所以 关系代词只能用 that。 15. C. 本句话的定语从句是“who own cars”。 其先行词是 people，因此定语从句的谓语动 词要用 own。主句的主语是 The number of 指“……的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句 的谓语动词要用 is。 16. D. that followed 是定语从句，关系代词 that 在从句中作主语，follow 为不及物动词。 17. A. 先行词 gas 被 the only 修饰，关系代词要用 that，而不用 which。 18. C. “和谁讲话”要用 speak to sb. 本题全句应为“Do you know the man whom I spoke to?”。whom 是关系代词，作介词 to 的宾语，可以省略。 19. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是 all 为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的 has been。关 系代词 that 引导定语从句，并在从句中做主语。 20. A. which 用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。 短文改错 Great changes have been (1 删去) taken place over the past five years in my hometown, that (which) is a famous historic city. The streets used to be narrow, filling (2 filled) with small shops. Rubbish can (could) be seen everywhere. Nowadays the streets are wider and clean (cleaner) with trees and flowers planted along the sidewalks. Besides, four new parks have been open to (3 加 the) public and a number of high buildings has ( have) arisen in the city. However, some of the historic buildings have been torn down to make rooms (4 room) for the high buildings. Our city now is modern and clean and (but) it has lost its own special characteristics. From (In) my opinion, we should try to protect all the historic buildings the process of urban development. 疑难解析： 1. take place 表示“发生”，不用被动语态。 2. 街道被充满了小商店(the streets were filled with small shops)，因为句子已经有了谓语 used to，fill 要用非谓语动词，因此用过去分词作非限制性定语，补充说明前面的 streets。 3. the public 公众。 4. room 表示“空间”，是不可数名词。 14 / 14