人教版（2019）必修第一册unit3SportsandFitness知识清单

Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 1. track. n. 跑道，足迹；铁路轨道。Vt./vi 追踪，追赶。 《1》追踪，追赶:on the track of 《2》稳步前进；做法对头: be on track 《3》重新步入正确轨道: back on track 《4》了解、不了解、、、的动态，与、、、保持、失去联系:keep/lose track of 《5》思路正确、错误: be on the right/wrong track 《6》追踪到，追查到:track down 2.honour 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 《1》 为向、、、表达敬意: in honour of /in one’s honour 《2》 很荣幸最某事: have the honour of doing sth/ feel honoured to do sth 《3》 我做了一道特殊的菜向我们的来宾表达敬意。 I have cooked a special meal in honor of our guests. 《4》我很荣幸能邀请你到我们城市来观光。 I feel greatly honoured to invite you to our city for a visit. It is my honour to invite you to our city for a visit. 3. determine vt 下决心— determined. 有决心的--- determination. n 决心；决定 《1》坚决地: with determination 《2》下决心做某事: determine to do sth/ be determined to do sth 《3》对、、作出决定: determine on/upon. 《4》这件事增强了他为祖国争光的决心。 This matter strengthened his determination to win glory for his homeland. 《5》他下决心要照顾爷爷奶奶。 He determines to look after/is determined to look after/is determined that he will look after in the accident and was sent to hospital immediately. 4. 使受伤；损害----受伤的；有伤的-----伤害；损伤 《1》严重受伤:be/get badly/seriously injured 《2》伤害某人的情感: injure one’s feelings 《3》伤员: the injured 《4》你没有权利伤害别人的事情。You have no right to injure others’ feelings. 《5》他在事故中受伤严重，被马上送往医院。 He was badly injured in the accident and was sent to hospital immediately. 5. strength. n 力量；体力 ----strong. adj 强壮的 strengthen. vt 巩固；加强 《1》有做某事的力气/意志力: have the strength to do sth 《2》增强体力: build up one’s strength 《3》用尽全身的力气: with all one’s strength 《4》强项和弱项；优缺点: strengths and weaknesses 《5》我们要经常锻练以增强体魄。 We should work out regularly to build up our strength. 6. compete. Vi 竞争；对抗----competition 比赛；竞争 n-----competitor 比赛者；竞争者 《1》为、、、竞争: compete for 《2》 跟、、、竞争: compete against/with 《3》 在、、、方面竞争:compete in 《4》 他在各方面跟他的哥哥竞争。 He competes against/with his brother in everything 《5》他们为了祖国的荣誉跟别的国家竞争。 They compete for the glory of their homeland with/against other countries. 7. pretend vi/vt 假装；装扮 《1》假装做某事: pretend to do sth/that 《2》 假装正在做某事: pretend to be doing sth 《3》假装做过某事: pretend to have done sth 《4》假装是某人、某物: pretend to be sb/sth 《5》他们假装已经知道了这件事。 They pretended to have known the matter. They pretended that they had known the matter. 8. diet. 规定饮食；日常饮食 vi 节食 《1》 节食（表动作）: go on a diet 《2》 节食（表状态）: be on a diet 《3》规定、、、饮食: diet sb/oneself 《4》要想保持健康，我们必须健康饮食。 To keep healthy/fit, we must eat a healthy diet. 《2》重点短语: 1. come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快 （1）come about 发生；产生 （2）come across 偶然发现；偶然遇见 （3）come to 共计；达到；苏醒 (4 ) come out 出现；出版；开花；（真相）为人所知 （5）come up with 提出 用 come 短语填空 1. How did it come about that the party last night was a failure? 2. He came across an old photo in the drawer. 3. When it comes to sport, he knows everything about it. 4. What suggestion did he come up with at the meeting yesterday? 2. work out 锻炼； 计算出；解决； 《1》.这位运动员每周锻炼两次举重。 The athlete works out with weights twice a week. 《2》不是汤姆而是我有能力算出这道数学题。 Not Tom but I am able to work out this maths problem. 3. make it 获得成功；准时到达 《1》我从来没有想到克莱尔会成为一名成功的女演员。 I never thought Clare would make it as an actress. 《2》她们早晨起航，在黄昏前赶到了一个小镇。 They set sail in the morning and made it to a small town before dark. 4. set an example 树立榜样 《1》父母做出表率是极其重要的。 it is very important that parents should set an example. 《2》他为其他学生树立了榜样。 He sets an example for other students. 5. fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃 用 apart 短语填空The twin sister have so much in common that we can hardly tell them apart instantly.The little boy, out of curiosity, took the toy apart to see how it worked, but couldn’t put it together.The deal fell apart when we failed to agree on a price. 6. lose heart 丧失信心；泄气 lose one’s heart to 爱上 lose face 丢脸 lose one’s way 迷路 lose weight 减肥 lose control 失去控制 lose touch 失去联系 lose one’s sight 失明 他没有泄气。相反，他爱上了这门课程。 He didn’t lose heart. Rather, he lost his heart to the subject. 7. give up 放弃；投降 （1）give in 屈服 （2） give away 泄露；赠送 （3）give out 用完，耗尽；分发；散发 （4）give off 发出。放出（光、热、气味） （5）give way to 给、、让路；对、、、让步 （6）在任何时候我们都不能半途而费。 At no time can we give up halfway. (7)父母往往会屈从于他们的子女。 Parents often give in their children. 8. Make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表达清楚； 《1》Make sense of 弄明白（加宾语） 《2》Make no sense 毫无意义 《3》A sense of belonging 归属感 《4》A sense of duty 责任感 《5》A sense of humor 幽默感 《6》There is no sense in doing sth.做某事是没有意义的 《7》His speech makes great sense but I just can’t make sense of the last sentence he said. 8. make a difference 有作用，有影响 《1》make no difference to sb/sth 对某人、某物没有作用或影响 《2》make some difference to sb/ sth 对某人、某物有作用或影响 《3》tell the difference between A and B 区分 A 和 B 《4》The film makes a great difference to him. 这部电影对他产生了很大的影响。 9. rather than 而不是 宁愿做、、而不愿做、、 《1》would do…rather than do….. 《2》would rather do… than do… 《3》prefer doing to doing.. 《4》prefer to do….rather than do… 一句多译 他宁死也不泄密。 《1》He would die rather than give away the secret. 《2》He would rather die than give away the secret.He preferred dying to giving away the secret.He preferred to die than give away the secret. 10. cut out 停止做（或使用、食用）；剪下 1. 砍倒；消减 cut down 2. 切碎；使伤心 cut up 3. 切断；停掉；隔绝 cut off 4. 插入；插嘴: cut in 5. 抄近路穿过; cut across/through 6. 他觉得他与世隔绝好几年了。 He felt he had been cut off from the outside world for ages. 7. 他努力想减少抽烟，但是没有成功。 He tried to cut down on smoking but failed. 8. compare to/with ..与、、比较、、、 1. compare 、、、to….把、、、比作（比喻） 2. Compare notes with 与、、交换意见 3. Compared with/to （状语）与、、相比 4.他正在与教授就那个问题交换意见 He is comparing notes with the professor on that point. 5.让我来把他的作业跟你的比较一下。 Let me compare his homework with yours. 6.与大多数同学相比，他不太讲究吃穿。 Compared with/to most of his classmates, he isn’t particular about what he eats and wears. 《3》重要句型 （1）疑问词+ do you think +陈述句语序 课本原句 1. What do you think the text is about? 你认为这篇课文讲的是什么？ 2. How long do you think it will be before I can come back to work ? 你认为要过多久我才能回来上班？ （2）现在完成时+since 1. The Boys and Girls club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996. 他在芝加哥创办的男孩女孩俱乐部从 1996 年开始帮助年轻人。 2. Mary and Jane have been friends ever since they started school. 玛丽与简从刚上学就是朋友。 ( 3 )Even if 引导的让步状语从句 1. I agree with the idea that a soccer player should never pretend to fall down even if it helps his or her team. 我同意这个观点，一个足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他或她的团队有帮助。 2. Don’t lose heart even if you failed many times. 即使失败数次也不要丧失信心。 （4）“介词与关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. A high school class has a wellness book in which they exchange ideas about health and fitness. 一个高中班级有一本健康手册，书中他们交流了关于卫生和健康的想法。 2.The book has opened a window through which we can see a wonderful world. 这本书打开了一扇窗，通过这扇窗我们可以看到一个精彩的世界。 3. Twenty students are normally admitted into the course per year, of whom up to half are/come from abroad. 参加体育活动很有趣，但并不容易，所以它帮助孩子们学习如何处理压力。 （5）部分否定 1.Taking part in sports events is fun but not always easy， So it helps children learn how to deal with stress… 并非所有这些方案我都同意。 2. I don’t agree to all these projects. 对某人、某物没有作用或影响，