牛津英语中考专题复习--定语从句

牛津英语 2021 年中考专题复习--定语从句 一.定语从句的定义 用来修饰名词、代词、句子等，在句中的作用相当于形容词，故称为形容词性从句或定语从 句。 The girl who wears a blue jacket is Mary. 穿蓝色夹克的那个女孩就是玛丽。 The novel，which I have read three times,is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 二.定语从句的分类 限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。 非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。标志是用逗号与主 句分开。 【口诀】定语从句有奥妙，限与非限看逗号； She said she had finished her work, which I doubted very much.（有逗号，非限制性定语从句） I’ve got some personal affairs that I have to deal with. （限制性定语从句） 定语从句 定义 分类 构成 关系词的选择 先行词+关系词+从句 非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句 三.定语从句的构成 公式为：先行词+关系词+从句 The boysare from Class One Grade Nine. 先行词 关系代词 从句 This is the mountain village (which/that) I visited last year. 先行词 关系代词 从句 先行词被修饰的词，一般是名词和代词 关系词：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等（在句中作主、表、宾、定等成分） 【口诀】关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破； Which 表物人用 who, 人物都有 that 顾； Which 用在逗号后，意表前句你要 Know； Who 做主语很称职， whom 用到宾语里。 关系副词：where(on/in which), when(in/at/on which), why(for which)（在句中作状语） 【口诀】关系副词 when/ where/ why，从句做状莫懈怠； 时间用 when 原因 why, 地点 where 经常在； 关系副词可替换，介词加上关系代； 关系代，关系代，that 与 who 要出外； 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语， 就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。 例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 This is the mountain village which I visited last year. 这是我去年参观过的山村 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子. I’ll never forget the days which I spent together with you. 我永远不会忘记与你一起度过的日子. 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关 系代词/关系副词。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 （who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原 因状语） 。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 主 谓 宾 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 主 谓 宾 他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that 在从句中作主语） 四．关系词的选择 先行词 关系词 例句 人 Who That Whom This is the man who/that took the photo． 这就是拍这张照片的人。 物 Which, that The train that/which has just left is for Beijing． 刚刚离开的那列火车是开往北京的。 时间 when We’ ll never forget the days when we worked together 我们永远都不会忘记在一起工作的时光。 地点 where This is the place where my grandparents lived 这就是我祖父母居住过的地方。 （2）使用要点 1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。 The classroom that is on the fourth floor is poorly equipped. 2. 关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，常可省略。 This is the girl with whom he works. He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. 3. 关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。 I have come to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting. 4. 当 those 作为先行词指人时，通常只能用 who 引导； 5. 只用 that，不用 which 的情况： a）在 there be 句型中，只用 that，不用 which。 b）在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行词时，只用 that，不用 which。 c）先行词有 the only,the very, just, the same 修饰时，只用 that。 d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用 that。. e）先行词既有人，又有物时。例如： All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部 东西交给了警察。 【口诀】 that which 代表物，区别听我来叙述； 先行若是不定代， that 就把 which 踹； 先行前有两数， 就用 that 定无误； 先行词前最高级，还用 that 必无疑。 句中若有 there be, that 应把 which 替； Just , the only, the very, the same,the last , 其后也要用 that. 6. 只用 which，不用 that 的情况：  引导非限制性定语从句时；  引导词前有介词时；  一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用 that 引导，另一个用 which 引导； e.g. He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time. 【口诀】 that 用法真有趣，两个地方它不去， 逗号后边不见它，介词之后不考虑。 7.as 从句的先行词是 the same, such, 或被他们所修饰；多用于表示肯定意义的从句中，不 用于表否定意义的从句中。 e.g. Many of the sports are the same as they were when they started. The result was not such as he expected. It was raining hard, which(as) was unexpected. 【口诀】 as/which 在句末， 若有否定 as 错。 句首只能用 as, 还有认知猜想词 固定结构用 as, the same, such/ so/ as ; So/ such…that 宾不离，so/such …as 宾要弃 8.whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 9. 介词+关系代词要根据 a.谓语动词的固定搭配 e.g. This is the evidence with which the case is connected. b. 先行词 e.g. I’ll never forget the day on which\when I joined the party. 挑选介词要聪明，必看动词和先行； c. 句子表达的意思 e.g. The boss in whose department Mr King worked got sacked.King 先生 所在部门的老板被解雇了。 d. 在非限制性定语从句中，名词\代词+of+which\whom 表示整体与部分的关系 e.g. The workers, some of whom stayed for four years, came from different countries. e. 介词的位置一般放在关系代词之前，有时也可放在从句中原来的位置上。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 This is the house which I lived in two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 基础过关 1. —David This is the novel ____ is written by Guo Jingming． A．who B．what C．that D．／ 【解析】答案为 C。本题考查的是定语从句。先行词是“the novel”，指的是物，关系代词用 that，故选择 C。 2. There are many works of art in the museum we will visit tomorrow. A．Where B. who C. which D. what 【解析】先行词是 the museum 博物馆，所以应该是定语从句。定语从句和宾语从句的区别： 前面一是名词或代词，一是动词。博物馆是物，所以应排除 B。A 和 C 的判断要看从句中的 谓语动词。 Visit 为及物动词。句中缺少宾语，答案为 C 3. —Do you know the man ____ came here yesterday? —Yes, He brought me the most interesting book I had wanted to buy. A．Who ; that B．Who, which C．whom; which D．will allow 【解析】答案为 A. ——你认识昨天来这的那个来人吗？——认识， 他给我买了我最想买 的书。第一个先行词是人并且在从句作主语所以选择 who. 第二个先行词为 book 是物，并 且前面有 the most 修饰所以选择答案 A 4. The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women. A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose 【解析】king 女士十年前所在部门的老板看不起女人。首先排除 B。That 不与介词连用，接 着排除 A。先行词是 the boss 为人，所以不能用 which. 选择 C 还是 D。工作是一个不及物 动词，在什么部门工作应该是 in the department. 根据句意应该选择 C 5. The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 【解析】介词+关系代词时，介词的选择有两看，一看动词一看先行词。动词为 act,先行词 为 play.句意为新年晚会上我们学生所演出的英语戏剧获得了巨大的成功。Act in the play. 答 案为 C。 6. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 【解析】名词\代词+of+which\whom 表示整体与部分的关系。9 个月 270 多天的航行中 226 天为所有的航行时间。226 为 270 天的一部分。 绕地球航行花费了这个老士兵 9 个月的时 间，其中 226 天都在海上航行。 答案为 A 7. I work in a business almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that 【解析】答案为 C。我在一个每个人都在等待机会的行业中工作。 行业为物，后面应该加 关系代词或关系副词。所以排除 A。关系代词和副词的判断方法有两种。首先看定语从句的 谓语动词。is waiting for ，a great chance 为宾语。Everyone 为主语。所以不缺任何成分。 应该选择 C 关系副词。 能力提高 1. I don’t like _____ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 【解析】that 代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代 when, where, why 和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中 that 常被省略。 主句中缺少宾语从句中缺 少介词+宾语。用某种方式说话应该是 in the way, 因此空中应该填写的为，the way in which. 或者把 in which 省略、所以选择 A 2. We will invite _______ my daughter loves. A. whoever B. whomever C. whichever D. whatever 【解析】Whoever 相当于 anyone who ；whomever = anyone whom ； whichever=anyone which；whatever=anything 我们将要邀请我女儿喜欢的任何人。 在从句 中做宾语在主语中也做宾语二合一应为 B、 3. She wore, _______ was very uncommon in the country, a red garment. A. what B. that C. which D. it =She wore a red garment , _______ was very uncommon in the country. [解析] 她穿一件在乡村非常流行的红外衣，因为有逗号跟先行词隔开，所以是非限制性定 语从句选择Ｃ。 4. He was hiding behind the door _________ he could see what was happening. A. which B. from where C from which D. where 【解析】他藏在门后面从那他能够看到发生的事。根据句意可知，先行词是门后而不是门所 以应该选择Ｂ。Ｃ的意思是他藏在门后，从门上他能看清发生的事、这与藏前后矛盾。答案 为 B 5. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What 【解析】 as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个 意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： （1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而 which 不可。 （2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行 为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用 which.。 6. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80% are sold abroad . A．of which B．which of C．of them D．of that 【解析】在非限制性定语从句中，名词\代词+of+which\whom 表示整体与部分的关系。答案 A 7. George Orwell, _______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name 【解析】George Orwell,谁的真名为 Eric Arthur,写了很多政治小说和文章。