中考英语考点一遍过考点12 使役动词
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中考英语考点一遍过考点12 使役动词

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命题趋势: 当某人不直接做某个动作,而是让另一个人做那个动作,就要用使役动词,表示"叫/让……做某事", 常见的使役动词有:make, have, let, get 等。在备战 2019 年中考时,考生要牢记几个使役动词的含义和用法 等。多做练习,在实践中加以区分。 中考考查重点: 1. 使役动词 make 的用法 2. 使役动词 have 的用法 3. 使役动词 let 的用法 4. 使役动词 get 的用法 考向一:使役动词 make 的用法 make 作使役动词的用法 make 用作使役动词表示"使;使成为"时,可跟复合结构,即"make + 宾语 + 宾语补 足语",其中的宾语补足语可以是不带 to 的不定式、过去分词、形容词或名词。make 的复合 宾语结构如下: 一、"make+宾语+n."意为"使、让某人/某物(成为)……"。 We made him captain of our football team. 我们推选他当我们足球队的队长。 We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。 二、"make+宾语+adj."意为"使某人/某事(变得)……"。 The news that our team had won made us very happy. 我们队赢了的消息使我们大家都非常 高兴。 We must make the rivers clean. 我们必须净化河水。 【易错提醒】 当宾语是不定式短语或从句时,多用 it 作形式宾语。 I made it a condition that everybody must be on time. 我提出一个条件,人人都要准时。 The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。 三、"make+宾语+do sth.(不带 to 的不定式)"意为"使某人做某事"。 What makes the grass grow? 什么东西使得草生长? Our teacher makes us feel more confident. 老师使得我们感到更自信了。 【易错提醒】 在被动语态中,此类结构中省略的动词不定式 to 要还原。 The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。 Every day I am made to have an egg and some milk. 我每天不得不吃一个鸡蛋,喝一些牛奶。 【知识拓展】 have、make、let 等使役动词和 see、hear、listen to、look at、watch、notice、observe 等感 官动词都可接不带 to 的不定式作宾补。help 后可带 to,也可不带 to。 Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就让他干吧。 Did you see him go out? 你看见他出去了吗? I often help my mother (to) do some housework. 我经常帮助妈妈做些家务。 四、"make+宾语+v-ed(过去分词作宾补)"这个结构指宾语接受后面的那个动作,表 示被动的意思,意为"使某人/某事被……"。 The strange noise made us frightened. 奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。 The good news made us excited. 这个好消息使我们兴奋。学@科网 【易错提醒】 在通常情况下,make 后的宾语是反身代词时,作宾补的动词要用过去分词,即:make oneself + v-ed(heard, known, understood)。 He couldn’t make himself heard above the noise of the traffic. 在交通的嘈杂声中他无法使自 己的声音提高到让别人听到。 但有时,根据句子意思也可用其他形式。 The little child stood on the chair to make himself look taller. 那个小孩儿站在椅子上,使他看 上去更高些。 Rock singers, on the other hand, make music their life. 摇滚乐歌手,另一方面,把音乐当作他 们的生命。 五、"make + 宾语 + V-ing(现在分词)"这一结构表示的意思是"使某人/某事一直在…… "。现在分词与宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 He makes the boy standing all the time. 他让那个男孩一直站着。 【知识拓展】 常接 V-ing 形式作宾语补足语的动词有:see、watch、hear、observe、notice、feel、find 等 感官动词和 look at、listen to 等短语动词以及 have、keep、get、make 等使役动词。 【易错提醒】 现在分词作宾补和不带 to 的不定式作宾补的区别是:现在分词一般表示动作正在进行,而 不带 to 的不定式则一般表示动作已经完成。 I saw him putting his hand into his pocket. (动作正在进行) I saw him put his hand into his pocket. (动作已经完成) 考向二:使役动词 have 的用法 1. 主语+have+某人+动词原形 安排让某人去做某事 have her clean the house 让她打扫房子 have him talk to the principal 让他跟校长谈 Claire always has her boyfriend do her hair. 克莱尔总是要她的男朋友给她做头发。 2. 主语+have+某物+过去分词(用过去分词表示"被动式")。让某物接受某个动作 have your hair cut 把你的头发剪了 have the carpet cleaned 把地毯打扫干净 Kay is going to have her truck tires changed today. 今天凯要把她的卡车轮胎换了。 3. 主语+have+某人/某物+动词-ing 形式 have 后面如果接动词-ing 形式,则强调正在进行的含义。这个结构中的 have 意指"经历了某事",而不 是"让某人做某事"。 Last week I had so many guests that I had some of them sleeping on the floor. 上周我有太多的客人,他们中 的一些不得不睡在地板上。 考向三:使役动词 let 的用法 主语+let+某人/某物+动词原形 让某人或某物做某件事 Let him pass. 让他通过 Let my imagination run wild. 让我的想象力天马行空 Let Sue teach you how to behave. 让苏教你正确的行为举止。 Let the game begin. 让游戏开始吧。 考向四:使役动词 get 的用法 1. 主语+get+某人+带 to 的不定式 让某人去做某件事 get her to write some emails 说服她写电子邮件 get him to give me a call 让他给我打个电话来 Please get Kay to read two English storybooks today. 请让凯今天阅读两本英语故事书。 2. 主语+get+某物+过去分词(含有被动的意思) 让某物接受某个动作 get your hair cut 把你的头发剪了 get the first chapter finished 完成第一章 Kay, please don’t forget to get my motor scooter fixed today. 凯,请不要忘记今天要把我的摩托车修理好。 3. 主语+get+某物+动词-ing 形式(含有主动和正在进行的意思) 让某物做某个动作 get my computer working again 使我的电脑重新开始运作 get her car running 使她的汽车运转起来 Bing worked on his car for five hours but failed to get it running. 宾花了五个小时修理他的汽车,但还是没 有让它运转起来。 一、翻译下列句子。 1. 晴天使我心情愉快。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 她的新眼镜使她看起来不一样。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 妈妈让我每天自己整理房间。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 植物和森林有助于保持空气新鲜和干净。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 长长的直发使得照片里的女孩看上去很漂亮。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 轻音乐使我放松。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 什么使你对音乐那么感兴趣? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 高烧使得他盲聋。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 他经常使我们发笑。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 这部电影让我很开心。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、单项选择。 1. —The math problem is too difficult for me. —Don’t worry. Let me _____________ you. A. help B. to help C. helping 2. Let’s _____________ the school rules. A. don’t break B. not to break C. not breaking D. not break 3. We will have a field trip this afternoon. The news makes everyone _____________. A. excited B. frightened C. happily D. luckily 4. You can’t sneeze and keep your eyes _____________ at the same time. A. open B. opens C. opened D. opening 5. The assistant won’t let you _____________ the cinema if you haven’t a ticket. A. enter B. to enter C. entering 6. —How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up? —It makes me _____________ very proud. A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel 7. Colors can change our moods(情绪) and make us _____________ happy or sad, energetic or sleepy. A. feel B. to feel C. felt D. feeling 8. Doing sports can keep you _____________. A. health B. healthy C. good health D. with health 9. You should keep the window _____________ because the room is too hot. A. open B. opening C. opened 10. —Can you climb up the tall tree over there, David? —Yes, let me _____________. A. to have a try B. not have a try C. have a try 11. —Do you like Zhou Libo’s talk show? —Yes. His talk show is very funny. It always makes people _____________. A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh 12. Many students said that they were willing to work hard to make their dreams _____________ true. A. come B. came C. comes 13. Lots of fast food restaurants use the color red _____________ make customers _____________. A. to; eating faster B. want to; eat fast C. to; eat faster D. to; to eat fast 14. —When are you going to have your hair _____________? —This afternoon. A. cut B. to cut C. cutting 三、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)。 1. 我还需要再说一遍我的电话号码吗? __________ __________ __________ my telephone number again? 2. 迈克,你千万不要玩火。 Mike, you __________ __________ play with fire. 3. 你最好多吃水果和蔬菜。 You __________ __________ __________ __________ fruits and vegetables. 4. 我可以问你一个问题吗? __________ I __________ you a question? 5. 最后一班车已经开走了,所以我只好步行回家。 The last bus had gone, so I __________ __________ __________ back home. 6. 你上课不要接电话。 You __________ answer the telephone in class. 7. 她必须为她的自行车找个适当的地方. She __________ __________ a right place __________ her bike. 8. 你不许在这里吸烟。 You __________ __________ here. 9. 我必须去新学校上学,但是我不想去。 I __________ __________ go to a new school but I don’t want to. 10. 你最好别吃太多糖。 You __________ __________ __________ __________ too much candy. 1.(2018 • 内蒙古包头中考)Everyone can help in _________ way or another to make our city more beautiful. A. any B. one C. every D. either 2. (2018 • 青海西宁中考)Mille’s mother _________ her to be a great dancer like her. A. hopes B. warns C. wants D. makes 3. (2018 • 昆明中考)—Reading a good book makes me happy. —_________. It also helps me a lot. A. I don’t think so B. I think so C. I’m afraid not D. No way 4. (2018 • 广东中考)If you fail in the exam, you ________ him down. A. would let B. lets C. will let D. let 5. (2017﹒四川宜宾卷)The child is crying. Please do something to make him _________. A. stop to cry B. stop crying C. to stop crying 6. (2017﹒广西来宾市中考)Everyone is here. Let’s _________ our class now. A. begin B. began C. beginning D. to begin 1. (2016 学年江苏省张家港市塘桥初级中学初三上学期调研考试)What do you think _____________ our teacher _____________? A. make;angry B. makes;angry C. makes;angrily D. making;angrily 2. (2016 学年度江苏省淮北中学九年级第一学期期中教学质量监测)Some colours make us _____________ calm and peaceful. A. to feel B. feeling C. feels D. feel 3. (2016 届江苏省连云港市灌南县堆沟港中学九年级第一次月考)The long story made him _____________. A. feels sleepy B. feel sleeping C. feels sleeping D. feel sleepy 4. Ride your bike carefully or you may get _____________. A. wrong B. upset C. surprised D. injured 5. (2016 届山东省博兴县初三上学期期中学业水平测试)Lily thinks wearing earrings makes people look beautiful, so she wants to get her ears _____________. A. pierce B. pierced C. to pierce D. piercing 6. (2016 学年江苏省宜兴市周铁中学九年级上学期期中考试)—_____________ easy work it is! —If you work harder, it’ll get _____________. A. What a; easiest B. What; easier C. How; harder D. How a; easier 7. Do you have any problem _____________ foreigners? A. talk with B. talk to C. to talking about D. talking with 8. (2016 届山东东营市各县区九年级上学期联考)I don’t know if he _____________ tomorrow. If he _____________, I _____________ you know. A. comes; will come; let B. will come; comes; will let C. comes; comes; will let D. comes; will come; let 9. (2016 届四川省乐山市沙湾区初三毕业调研考试)—Can you climb up the tall tree over there, David? —Yes, let me _____________. A. to have a try B. not have a try C. have a try 10. The weather _____________ hot tomorrow. A. get B. gets C. are going to get D. will get 11. ( 2017-2018 学年九年级下第一次模拟)Although we learned English 3 years ago, we still have trouble _____________ the new words. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. of learning 12. The peaceful music in the CD made the students _____________ relaxed. A. feel B. feels C. felt D. to feel 13. His bad behavior _____________ all of us _____________. A. let; happy B. let; happily C. let; down D. let; up 【跟踪训练】 一、翻译下列句子 1. Sunny days make me happy/pleased. / A sunny day makes me happy/pleased. 2. Her new glasses make her look different. 3. Mom always lets me do housework every day. 4. Plants and forests help to make the air fresh and clean. 5. Long straight hair made/makes the girl in the picture look very pretty. 6. Soft/Light music makes me relax/relaxed. 7. What made you so interested in music? 8. The high fever made him blind and deaf. 9. He often makes us laugh. 10. This film makes me happy. 二、单项选择。 1. A【解析】句意:句意:——这个数学题对我来说太难了。——别担心。让我帮助你。let sb. do sth. 让某 人做某事。故选 A。学@科网 4. A【解析】句意:你打喷嚏时不能睁开眼睛。keep sth.+adj.使某物处于……状态,故选 A。 5. A【解析】句意:如果你没带票,这个助理不会让你进入电影院的。let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事,为固定 用法,故选 A。 6. D【解析】句意:——当你看到国旗升起的时候,你的感觉是什么?——它使我感到很骄傲。make sb. do sth.让某人做某事。故选 D。 7. A【解析】句意:颜色可以改变我们的情绪并且使我们感到开心或者伤心,精力充沛的或疲倦的。make sb. do sth.让某人做某事。故选 A。 8. B【解析】句意:做运动能使人健康。keep sb. + adj. 使某人保持某种状态。故选 B。 9. A【解析】句意:你应该保持窗户开着,因为这个房间太热了。keep sb. + adj. 使某人保持某种状态。故 选 A。 10. C【解析】句意:——大卫,你能爬那边的高树吗?——是的,让我试一下。let sb. do sth. 让某人做某 事,为固定用法,故选 C。 11. A【解析】句意:——你喜欢周立波的脱口秀吗?——是的。他的脱口秀分词有趣。它总是使人发笑。 make sb. do sth.让某人做某事。故选 A。 12. A【解析】句意:很多学生说他们愿意努力学习使他们的梦想变为现实。make sth. do sth.让某事做某事。 故选 A。 三、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)。 1. Need I say 2. must not 3. had better eat more 4. May, ask 5. had to walk 6. mustn’t 7. must find; for 8. mustn’t smoke 9. have to 10. had better not eat 【真题再现】 1. B【解析】句意:每个人都可以以这样或那样的方式帮助我们的城市变得更美丽。one or another 固定搭配, "这样或那样";any 任何、every 每个、either 两个中的任意一个,都不能和 another 构成搭配;在本 题中 in one way or another 是固定搭配,意思是"以某种方式";故选 B。 2. C【解析】句意:Mille 的妈妈想让她成为一名像她那样的伟大的舞蹈家。hopes 希望;warns 警告;wants 想要;makes 使,让。A 选项不可以跟动词不定式作宾语补足语,故不对;D 选项的句型应该是 make sb. do sth.,动词不定式不带 to,故也不对;B 选项在句型上合适,但意思不对。故选 C,want sb. to do sth.想要某人去做某事。 3. B【解析】句意:——阅读一本好书让我开心。——我认为是这样。阅读也帮助了我不少。A.我不这样认 为 B.我认为是这样 C.我恐怕不是这样 D.没门。从答句看说话人认为阅读帮助了他不少,说明他赞同 前句的观点,表示赞同可以说"我认为是这样",故选 B。 4. C【解析】句意:如果你考试不及格,你就会让他失望的。would let 是过去将来时;lets 一般现在时;will let 一般将来时;let 让,动词原形。let sb. down 让某人失望,是一个固定短语。句中 If 引导的是条件 状语从句,从句中用一般现在时态,主句应用一般将来时态,故选 C。 5. B【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:那个孩子正在哭。请做点什么事情以使他停止哭。make sb. do sth.使某人做某事;stop doing sth.停止做某事,指停止正在做的事情;stop to do sth.停下来做某事,指 停止正在做的事情去做另一件事。根据句意,可知这里指停止正在做的动作;哭。故选 B。 6. A【解析】使役动词 let 后通常跟动词原形作补语,故选 A。 【模拟检测】 2. D【解析】考查固定结构。make sb. do sth.使某人做某事,所以选 D。 3. D【解析】考查固定句型结构。make sb. do sth.表示让某人做某事,不带 to 的动词不定式做宾语补足语; feel 是系动词,表示感觉怎样,后跟形容词构成系表结构。sleepy 是形容词表示困倦的。故选 D。 4. D【解析】句意:骑自行车小心点否则你可能受伤。wrong 错误的;upset 灰心的;surprised 惊奇的;injured 受伤的。故选 D。 5. B【解析】get sth done,表示使……被做。本题为使耳朵被刺穿,故选 B。 6. B【解析】考查感叹句。句意:多么容易的工作呀!如果你更努力,它将会变得更容易。work 为不可数 名词,故用 what,根据语境第二空应用比较级 easier 更容易,所以选 B。 7. D【解析】句意:你在跟外国人聊天的时候有问题吗?talk with 和某人聊天;talk to 和某人谈话;to talking about 谈论某事;talking with 是动名词形式。这句话中使用的句型是 have problem doing sth.做某事有 问题,故选 D。 8. B【解析】考查动词时态。句意:我不知道他明天是否会来,如果他明天来的话,我会给你打电话的。第 一个空前面的 if 是是否的意思,引导宾语从句,因为说的是明天的事情,故应该用一般将来时;第二 个空的前面 if 是如果的意思,引导条件状语从句,从句中用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。故选 B。 9. C【解析】句意:——你能够爬到那边那棵树上去吗?——是的,让我来试一下。故不选 B,使役动词 let 后跟动词原形作补语,故选 C。 10. D【解析】由句子的时间状语 tomorrow 可知,本句为一般将来时态,其构成为"will+动词原形"。"be going to+动词原形"也构成一般将来时态,但本句主语 weather 是不可数名词,be 动词应使用 is。故 选 D。 12. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个 CD 的和平音乐使学生们感到放松。短语 make sb. do sth.表示使 某人做某事,根据题意,故选 A。 13. C【解析】句意:他的不良行为使我们大家失望了。A. let... happy 使……高兴;B. let...happily 语法错误; C. let...down 使失望;D. let...up 减少,减缓,停止。结合句意可知,答案为 C。学@科网

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