中考英语考点一遍过考点24 不用被动语态的情况

不能使用被动语态的情况 情况 例句 不及物动词和系动词无被动语态 A fire broke out last night. 昨晚发生了火灾。 某些表示状态的及物动词或及物动词短语 也不能用被动语态 This coat doesn’t fit me. 这件外套不适合我。 The hall can contain two hundred people. 这个大厅可以容 纳 200 人。 反身代词或相互代词作宾语的句子不能用 被动语态 We have helped each other for over two years. 我们相互帮 助有两年多了。 宾语是不定式或动名词的句子不可用被动 语态 Most people want to have their own house. 许多人想要有 自己的房子。 当谓语动词和宾语构成一个不可分割的整 体时，即固定短语，句子不可变为被动语态 It took him a long time to make up his mind. 他用了很久才 下定决心。 Who’s going to take his place after he leaves? 他走了谁来 顶替他？ 【知识拓展】 这样的短语常用的有： do one’s best 尽力，尽最大努力 make a face 做鬼脸 lose heart 失去信心，丧失勇气 被动语态的特殊情况： 1. 不能用被动语态的几种情况： （1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。 （2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit 等。 （3）表示归属的动词，如 have、own、belong to 等。 （4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate 等。 （5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。 2. 主动形式表被动意义的情况： （1）系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel，sound，taste，book，feel 等在主 系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 （2）当 cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep 等词带状语修饰语时。 （3）当 break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out 等动词词组表示＂发生、关闭、制定＂等意 思时。 （4）want，require，need 后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。 （5）be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。 （6）在＂be + 形容词 + to do＂中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。 另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。学科&网 1. As time went on, Einstein’s theory __________ to be correct. A. proved B. proves C. is proved D. was proved 2. The retired worker likes getting up early. The air in the morning is good __________. A.to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed 3. I find the problems are easy __________. A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out. 4. Later Mrs Smith decided to buy that kind of cloth because she _________ that the cloth _________very well. A. has been told; washes B. had been told; washed C. was told; was washed D. had been told; was washed 5. If so many raw materials_________ every day, they_________ in the future. A. run out; will be used up B. run out; will be run out C. are run out; will be using up D. are run out; will run out of 6. His computer, which cost him a sum of money several weeks ago, is out of order and wants _________, though it looks very new. A.to repair B.to be repairing C. repairing D. repaired 7. —How about watching a film on Sunday? —I can’t go to watch a film with a lot of homework _________. A. to be done B. to do C. doing D. done 1. （2018 • 江苏宿迁中考）This kind of pen __________, and is also very cheap. I think you can buy some. A. writes well B. writes good C. is written well D. is written good 2. （2016 • 江西）The water __________ dark and dirty. It’s no longer safe to drink. A. became B. has become C. will become D. was becoming 3. （2017 • 安徽）I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it __________ a lot over the years. A. changed B. changes C. will change D. has changed 4.（2017 • 山东泰安）With the development of science and technology, robot cooks __________ in our families in the future. A. appear B. appeared C. will appear D. is appearing 5. （2017 • 湖北省随州市中考）—What __________ if they __________ to the meeting late? —Sorry, I don’t know. A. will happen; go B. happened; go C. happens; will go D. will happen; will go 6. （2017 • 江苏省宿迁市中考）My grandparents __________ for over 60 years and they love each other very much. A. have been married B. got married C. were married D. have got married 7. （2016 • 湖南邵阳）We __________ for a picnic if it __________ rain this Sunday. A. will go; doesn’t B. will go; won’t C. go; doesn’t 8. （2016 • 江苏镇江）—Have you been to Suning Plaza(苏宁购物中心) in our city? —No. Although it __________ for more than a week, I’m far too busy to go there. A. has started B. has been on C. has been open D. has opened 9. （2016 • 山东青岛）William Shakespeare __________ for 400 years, but his works still have great influence today. A. died B. was dying C. has died D. has been dead 1. —What’s the meaning of the activity ＂Let’s Save＂? —Paper shouldn’t ____________ in everyday life. A. waste B. wasted C. be wasted D. is wasted 2. The Dongying-Hainan airline ____________ for about 5 months. I have taken the flights three times. A. is open B. has opened C. has been open D. has been opened 3. My house ____________ when you visited Beijing last time, so I didn’t invite you to my home. A. was being decorated B. is being decorated C. has been decorated D. was decorated 4. My e-mail ____________ to you last night. Have you received it ____________? A. sent；yet B. is sent；already C. was sent；yet 5. In the past few years, thousands of films ____________ all over the world. A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced 6. —It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school. —I think a bridge ____________ over the river. A. should be built B. is being built C. has been built D. was built 7. The World Expo（世博会）____________ in Shanghai now. A. being had B. is having C. is holding D. is being held 8. Now it’s much easier to shop online when your order is ready, the things you want to buy ____________to you soon. A. send B. were sent C. are sending D. will be sent 【跟踪训练】 1. A【解析】句意：随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的。prove＂证明是＂，这里用作连系动 词，要用主动形式表被动含义，故选 A。 2. B【答案解析】考查主动表示被动。句意：这个退休工人喜欢早起。早晨的空气利于呼吸。在＂主语 +be+adj.+to do＂结构中，动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义。 4. B【解析】考查动词。句意：后来史密斯夫人决定买这种布，因为有人告诉她这种布好洗。根据语境＂tell＂ 这一动作发生在＂decided to buy＂之前，主语 she 与 tell 是被动关系，故第一空使用过去完成时的被 动语态；wash 是主动形式表示被动个含义，表示＂the cloth＂的特性，故第二空填 washed。故选 B。 5.A 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：如果(我们)每天用完如此多的原材料，将来它们将会被用光。run out ＂用完＂，是不及物动词词组，没有被动语态；use up 是及物动词词组，可用被动语态。故选 A。不 及物动词(或动词短语)如 happen, take place, break out 等无被动式。如：Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past twenty years. 在过去的二十年里我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 6. C 【解析】考查被动语态。他几个星期前花了一大笔钱买的电脑，尽管看起来很新，但出了故障，需要 修理。want doing sth.＂需要做某事＂，可用主动形式表示被动含义，故选 C 项。 7. B 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：——星期天去看一场电影怎么样?——我有许多作业要做，不能去看了。 本题是＂with+名词/代词+不定式＂结构，不定式表示动作尚未发生。故选 B。 【真题再现】 1. A【解析】句意：这种笔写得很好，也很便宜。我想你可以买一些。考查动词语态和副词辨析题。write 写，动词，需用副词修饰，good 是形容词，可排除 B、D 两项。write 这个动作是由 pen 发出的，不可 用被动语态，可排除 C 项。根据句意结构和语境，可知选 A。 2. B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：水变得又脏又黑，已经不能继续安全饮用了。根据 It’s no longer safe to drink.可知，给现在带来的结果是不能饮用了，所以用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，故 选 B。 3. D【解析】考查动词的时态的用法。句意：对我的家乡的新面貌我感到吃惊，因为这几年它变化很大。A. changed 改变，过去式；B. changes 第三人称单数形式；C. will change 一般将来时；D. has changed 现 在完成时。over the years.指最近几年即从过去到现在的几年，所以用现在完成时，故选 D。 4. C【解析】考查将来时的用法。句意：随着科学和技术的发展，机器人煮饭机在未来将出现在我们的家庭 中。A. appear 出现，动词原形；B. appeared 动词过去式；C. will appear 将来时态；D. is appearing 现 在进行时。根据时间，可知用将来时，故选 C。 5. A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——如果他们开会迟到会怎么样？——对不起，我不知道。If 引导的 在条件状语从句不能用将来时，而用一般现在时来代替，遵循主将从现的原则。故选 A。 7. A【解析】考查动词的时态辨析。句意：如果本周星期天不下雨，我们要去野餐。前空描述的是本周星期 天将要发生的动作，用一般将来时态：will go；后半部分是 if 引出的条件状语从句，要用一般现在时 态表示将要发生的动作，主语 it 是三人称单数，否定是在动词原形前加助动词 doesn’t。故选 A。 8. C【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：——你曾经去过我们市的苏宁购物中心吗？——没有。尽管它开业有 一周多了，但是我太忙而没有时间去那里。和一段时间连用，动作要用延续性的或者用延续性的状态 词。open，start 都是瞬间动词。be on 表示工作着，开着；be open 表示开着的，营业中的；这两个词 都是延续性状态，结合句意，故选 C。 9. D【解析】考查动词时态。句意：莎士比亚已经去世 400 年了，但他的作品现在仍然有大的影响。根据 for 400 years 可知该用现在完成时，而且谓语动词必须是延续性动词。所以选 D。 【模拟检测】 1. C【解析】根据句中的主语 paper 是谓语动词 waste 的承受者，二者形成被动关系，故用被动语态，再 结 合句中含有情态动词 should 的否定形式 shouldn’t，故谓语动词为含有情态动词的被动语态， 其 结构为：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词，结合空格前有 shouldn’t，填入 be wasted 即可，所以 选 C。 2. C【解答】根据 The Dongying—Hainan airline…for about 5months，可知 for+ 时间段，是现在完成时的时 间标志，所以应用现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词，open 是 非延续性动词，故要变成 be+open 的 系表结构，又知现在完成时的结构为 have/has+动词的 过去分词，故选 C。 3. A【解答】首先根据 when 引导的时间状语从句＂上次你来北京参观时＂，判断主句动作用过去进行时， 主 语 my house 是动作 decorate 的承受者，所以用被动语态，过去进行时被动语态的构成是： 主语 +was/were + being+动词的过去分词，主语是单数名词，be 动词用 was，decorate 的过去分词是 decorated，故选 A。 4. C【解答】last night 这一个短语可以推测句子要用过去时态，故可以 排除 B 选项。e-mail 邮件是被发 送出去，是 send 的动作承受者，所以要用被动语态，故可 以排除 A 选项. already 与 yet 都可以表 示＂已经＂，但两个还是有区别，区别是：already 是 用于肯定句，yet 是用于否定句和疑问句. 所以 正确答案为 C。 6. A【解答】首先根据语境＂我认为应该在河上面建造一座桥＂，宾语从句的主语 a bridge 是动作 build 的 承受者，表示＂被建造＂，确定用被动语态，根据句意用情态动词 should，含有情态动词的被动语态 的构成是：主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词。故答案为 A。 7. D【解答】根据 The World Expo（世博会）in Shanghai now. 可知这句话的主语是 The World Expo，是动 作的承受者，它和动词 hold 构作成被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，根据 now 可知应该用现在进行 时态，故应用现在进行时态的被动语态，现在进行时态的被动语态的构成：be+being+过去分词。所以 选 D。 8. D【解答】根据 soon 可知句子所使用的时态为将来时；再根据 the things 作主语，它是 send 这个动作的承 受着，当主语是动作的承受着时，可知句子所使用的语态应该为被动语态。所以句子所使用的应该是 一般将来时的被动语态，构成为：will+be+动词过去分词。故选 D。