中考英语考点一遍过考点31 关系副词引导的定语从句
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中考英语考点一遍过考点31 关系副词引导的定语从句

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时间:2021-03-30

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命题趋势: 定语从句是中考必考考点之一,主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序,有时也会考查定语从句的引导 词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到 定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。 中考考查重点: 关系代词的用法; 在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从 句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系副词有 when,where,why 等 关系副词的基本用法 1. when 在句中作状语,表示时间。 He remembers the day when he joined the League. 他记得他入团那天。 This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。 2. where 在句中作状语,表示地点。 This is the place where Lu Xun was born. 这就是鲁迅出生的地方。 This is the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。 3. why 在句中作状语,表示原因。 This is the reason why he is late today. 这就是他今天迟到的原因。 Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 【典例】I love places _______________ the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. in where D. where 【答案】D 【易错提醒】 1. 当先行词为地点名词时,如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语,则用 that 或 which 引导。如: ☛This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 这是我爷爷在 40 年前建造的房子。(定语从句中缺少主语,所以要用 which/that,而不用 where) 2. 当 position,point,case,stage,situation,atmosphere 等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时,若定语从句 中缺少状语,则用 where 来引导。如: ☛It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. 把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。学&科网 3. 关系副词 why 指原因,代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词一般是 reason。 ☛Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help? 这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗? 【典例】We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. A. that B. where C. which D. when 【参考答案】D 【试题解析】句意:我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期,那时天气可能会更好。这是一个定语从句,先 行词是 next week,定语从句缺少时间状语,所以用关系副词 when 引导。故选 D。 【易错提醒】 当先行词是时间名词时,既可以用 when 引导定语从句,也可以用 that 或 which 引导定语从句,关键要 看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语,用 when 引导;若关系词在从句中充当主 语或宾语,则用 that 或 which 引导。如: ☛Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night? 你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗?(when 在从句中作状语) ☛Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm? 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗?(that 或 which 作 spent 的宾语) 【速记口诀】 1. Have you ever heard of the news ___________ is about the Strawberry Concert? A. who B. what C. which D. when 2. Language learning isn’t hard itself. The attitude ___________ you have decided if you can learn it well at last A. what B. who C. which 3. The panda is a kind of animal ___________ I like best. A. who B. which C. where D. what 4. The beautiful girl ___________ came here last Saturday is my friend. A. which B. where C. whom D. who 5. There will be a flower show in the park ___________ we visited last week. A. who B. where C. which 6. Do you know the man ___________ saved five people in the fire? A. who B. it C. when D. whom 7. —Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight? —I’m not sure. Is it in the hall ___________ can hold 300 people? A. where B. what C. that D. when 8. It’s bad for health to hurry to move into a house ___________ has new furniture in it. 关系副词 关系副词 when/where/why,从中作状莫懈怠; 时间用 when 原因 why,地点 where 经常在; 关系副词可替换,介词加上关系代; 关系代,关系代,that 与 who 要除外; 挑选介词要聪明,必看动词和先行; 聪明反被聪明误,只因乱用关系副; 关系副,关系副,定缺主宾它不住; 它不住,它不住,关系代词来玩酷。 A. who B. where C. that 9. I know a place ___________ we can have a big meal. A. that B. where C. which D. what 10. —Do you like swimming in winter? —Of course. The water ___________ a bit cold at first but then I am warm and full of energy. A. tastes B. feels C. smells D. looks 11. —Which song do you like better, Lucy? —I prefer the song Little Apple ___________ can attract many people. A. which B. who C. whom D. where 12. The dog ___________ played with you just now is ___________. A. which; mine B. which; my C. what; mine D. what; my 13. Studying in groups is a popular way ___________ can develop students’ ability. A. which B. what C. who D. whom 14. Do you know Deng Ziqi ___________ sings the song Pao Mo. A. which B. who C. when D. where 15. —What are you doing? —I’m reading the book ___________ you lent me last week. A. what B. who C. when D. that 1. (2018 • 甘肃兰州中考)I like the city ___________ the people are really kind and friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 1.(2016 • 贵州黔西南)I can’t remember the place _______________ I lived many years ago. A. that B. which C. where D. / 2. —_______________ is the teacher _______________ gave us the talk yesterday? —She is having a meeting. A. Where; who B. Who; whose C. What; who D. What; which 3. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion _______________ you had with your dad yesterday. A. what B. which C. when D. who 4. (2017 • 湖南长沙中考)—What are you doing, Tim? —I am listening to the song Long Live _______________ makes me feel excited. A. which B. who C. / 1. (2016 • 浙江省平阴县三模)—Sally, which room would you like to _______________? —I like to live in a room _______________ is bright enough. A. live in; that B. live in; where C. live; that D. live; where 2. (2015 • 浙江省邹城市模拟)The factory _______________ I am going to is the place _______________ my mother used to work many years ago. A. where; where B. where; which C. which; where D. which; which 3. Happiness and success often come to those _______________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. where B. who C. what D. which 4. (2016 • 平阴县三模)—Sally, which room would you like to _______________? —I like to live in a room _______________ is bright enough. A. live in; that B. live in; where C. live; that D. live; where 5. (2015 • 邹城市模拟)The factory _______________ I am going to is the place _______________ my mother used to work many years ago. A. where; where B. where; which C. which; where D. which; which 6. (2016 • 句容市模拟)Happiness and success often come to those _______________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. where B. who C. what D. which 7. —_______________ is the teacher _______________ gave us the talk yesterday? —She is having a meeting. A. Where; who B. Who; whose C. What; who D. What; which 8. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion _______________ you had with your dad yesterday. A. what B. which C. when D. who 【跟踪训练】 4. D【解析】考查定语从句。句意:上周六来这里的那个漂亮女孩儿是我的朋友。本句中有一个定语从句, 先行词是 girl,排除 AB,在定语从句中做主语,排除 C。所以选择 who 来作引导词。 5. C【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在上周我参观的那个花园里要有一个花展。此题考查定语从句,因为先 行词是 park 指物又做 visit 的宾语;根据句意,故选 C。 6. A【解析】考查定语从句。此题考查定语从句。根据句意:你知道在大火中救出五个人的那个男的吗?修 饰人的用 who 并且在句子里作主语,因此答案选 A。 7. C【解析】考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句。先行词是 hall,表示地点,所以用 that。 8. C【解析】考查定语从句。考查定语从句。定语从句缺少主语,关系代词用 who, which 或 that,先行词 house 指物,因此用 which 或 that。 9. B【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我知道一个我们可以大吃一顿的地方。要确定正确的关系词,首先要找 出先行词在从句中当什么成分,特别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词!因为它们在从句中可以是表示 时间、地点或原因,但它们也可以在从句中当主语,宾语或其它句子成份。在该句中。先行词 place 在 从句中作地点状语,所以该用关系副词 where,因此选 B。 10. B【解析】考查定语从句。句意:你喜欢在冬天游泳吗?当然。起初感觉水有点冷,但随后我感到温暖 和充满活力。tastes 尝起来;feels 觉得;smells 闻起来;looks 看起来。所以选 B。 11. A【解析】考查定语从句。句意:——露西,你更喜欢哪一首歌?——我较喜欢吸引许多人的小苹果。 定语从句,当先行词是事物时,用关系词 that,which;当先行词是人时,用关系词 who,whom,that; 当先行词指地点时,用关系词 where。先行词 the song Little Apple 指事物,故选 A。 12. A【解析】考查定语从句。句意:刚才和你一起玩的那条狗是我的。Which 哪一个;what 什么;mine 名 词性物主代词,我的;my 形容词性物主代词,我的。形容词性物主代词在句只用作定语;名词性物主 代词则不能用作定语,但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用 of 作定语。先行词 dog 在定语从句中作主 语可用关系代词 which 代替。所以选 A。 【真题再现】 1. C【解析】句意:我喜欢这个城市,那里的人们非常善良和友好。A. that 先行词是人或物,在定语从句中 作主语或宾语;B. which 先行词指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;C. where 先行词是地点名词,在定 语从句中作状语;D. who 的先行词是人,在定语从句中作主语。此句的先行词是 the city,为地点名词, 定语从句中缺少地点状语,引导词用 where,答案为 C。 【点睛】在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定 语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that 在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that 在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同 of which 互换),例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。 关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例 如:Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 1. C【解析】句意:我记不起许多年前我住的地方了。the place 后跟的是一个定语从句,先行词是 the place, 指地点,在定语从句中作状语从句,故用 where 作关系词。故选 C。 2. A【解析】where 询问的是地点;who 询问的是人物;what 引导宾语从句,作从句的逻辑主语或者宾语; 根据答语 She is having a meeting(她正在开会)可知,问题应该是问那个老师在哪里,所以第一个空格 填 Where。who 引导的定语从句,在从句里作主语,whose 意思是"谁的",作定语;which 的先行词 为物,在从句中作主语或宾语。第二个空:结合句意及句子特点可知为定语从句,根据题意可知,先 行词是 the teacher,引导词在从句里作主语的成分,所以应用 who。故选 A。 3. B【解析】what 不能引导定语从句;which 关系代词,指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;when 关系副 词,指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语;who 关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;根据 the discussion _______________ you had with your dad yesterday 可知本句中先行词是 discussion,指物,在定 语从句中作宾语,所以关系代词用 which,故选 B。学&科网 4. A【解析】句意:——蒂姆,你正在做什么?——我正在听歌曲《万岁》,这首歌使我感到很兴奋。先行 词是 the song Long Live, 指物,且在从句中作主语,故选 A。 【模拟检测】 1. A【解析】根据 which room would you like to 可知这里考查 live 的用法,live 是一个不及物动词,后面不 能直接跟宾语,如果跟宾语的话,需要加其它的词,在这里 room 作它的宾语,表示住在这个房间里, 所以需要加介词 in;再根据 I like to live in a room _______________ is bright enough,本部分考查的是定 语从句,room 是先行词,定语从句中缺少主语,that 可作主语,where, how, in which 不可作主语。选 A。 3. B【解答】本句考查的是定语从句。先行词是 those"那些人",指人,同时引导词又在后面的定语从句 中作主语,故用 who。 4. A【解析】根据 which room would you like to,可知这里考查 live 的用法,live 是一个不及物动词, 后 面不能直接跟宾语,如果跟宾语的话,需要加其它的词,在这里 room 作它的宾语,表示住在这个房间 里,所以需要加介词 in;再根据 I like to live in a room _______________ is bright enough,本部分考查 的是定语从句,room 是先行词,定语从句中缺少主语。that 可作主语,where、how、in which 不可作 主语。故选 A。 5. C【解析】本题考查定语从句的辨析. where 引导的定语从句,在从句中作地点状语,等于介词+which; which,哪一个,引导的定语从句,在从句中作主语、宾语, 一般指物. 根据题意可知,先行词为 factory, 指物,going to 后面缺少一个宾语 故用 which 引导此定语从句;句子表语 the place 真是第二个空格 的先行词,而后面 my mother used to work many years ago 缺少的是地点状语,与先行词 the place 要用 介词 in 连接, 在定语从句中 in which 可用 where 表达,故用 where 引导,故选 C。 6. B【解析】本句考查的是定语从句:先行词是 those"那些人",指人,同时引导 词又在后面的定语从句 中作主语,故用 who。 7. A【解析】第一个空:where 询问的是地点;who 询问的是人物;what 引导宾 语从句,做从句的逻辑主 语或者宾语;根据回答 She is having a meeting(她正在开会) 可知,问题应该是问那个老师在哪里, 所以第一个空格填 where。 第二个空:结合句意及句子特点可知为定语从句,先行词为 the teacher, 表人;who 引 导的定语从句,在从句里做主语的成分,whose 意思是"谁的"表物主,作定语;which 的先行词为物,在从句中作主语或宾语。根据题意可知,先行词是 the teacher,引导词在从 句里做主 语的成分,所以应用 who. 综合起来,故选 A。

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