中考英语考点一遍过考点30 关系代词引导的定语从句
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中考英语考点一遍过考点30 关系代词引导的定语从句

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时间:2021-03-30

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资料简介
命题趋势: 定语从句是中考必考考点之一,主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序,有时也会考查定语从句的引导 词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到 定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。 中考考查重点: 关系代词的用法; 在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从 句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有 that,which,who,whom,whose。 【图示】 考向一: 定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括 that, which, who(宾格 whom, 所有格 whose)等,关系副词包括 where, when, why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之 间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 考向二: 定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从 句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开, 起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 考向三: 关系代词的基本用法 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose 指物 which/that which/that/省略 The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。 The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。 【典例】I don’t know the teacher ______________ is talking with Miss Wang. A. what B. whom C. which D. who 【答案】D 【解析】所填写词引导定语从句,修饰先行词 teacher,并在从句中作主语,故用关系代词 who。 【注意】1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。 He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。 He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。 2. 通常在以下六种情况下只能用 that 而不能用 which: (1)先行词为 all,much,something,everything,nothing,little,none,the one 等代词时。 That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。学科&网 【典例】—Is that all? —Yes. That’s all ______________ I want to take. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 【答案】B (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用 that, 而不用 which.。 He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。 Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。 (3)以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用 that。 Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? (4)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用 that,而不用 which。 This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。 (5)先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用 that,而不用 which。 We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下 了深刻的印象。 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的 人和一些照片。 (6)先行词在主句中作表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 It’s a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。 (7)主句是 there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用 that,而不用 which。 There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 3. 关系词只能用 which,而不用 that 的情况: (1)先行词为 that, those 时,用 which,而不用 that。 What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? (2)关系代词前有介词时,一般用 which,而不用 that。 This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 (3)引导非限制性定语从句,用 which,而不用 that。 Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。 一、 二、 定语从句 定从分类有奥妙,限与非限看逗号; 定前必有先行词,名代两类最适宜; 定从先行很紧密,代副两词拉关系。 三、 四、 五、 关系代词 关系代词有六个,听我逐一来说破; which 表物人用 who,人物都有 that 顾; which 用在逗号后,意表前句你要 know; who 作主语很称职,whom 用到宾语里。 that 用法 that 用法真有趣,两个地方它不去; 逗号后边它不去,介词之后不考虑。 that 和 which 的区别 that which 代表物,区别听我来叙述; 先行若是不定代,that 就把 which 踹; 先行词前有两数,就用 that 定无误; 先行词前最高级,还用 that 必无疑; 句中若有 there be,that 应把 which 替; 先行主中作表语,避免重复从句里; just, the only,very,same,last 其后也要用 that。 指人的关系代词 指人可用 that, who,以下情况多用 who; those people 作先行,there be 的结构中; 先行指人不定代,从中作主 who 要在; 两个定从一起来,不要重复你有才。 六、 七、 八、 九、 1. —What are you looking for? whose 的用法 定从之中少定语,whose 为你唱一曲; whose 指人又指物,所属关系要记住。 as 和 which 的区别 as/which 在句末,若有否定 as 错; 句首只能用 as,还有认知猜想词; 固定结构用 as, the same/such/so/as; so/such...that 宾不离,so/such...as...宾要弃。 关系代词用法总结 关系代词到这里,主宾表定作用起; 关系代词作宾语,省与不省全靠你。 特殊情况 只记上边不可以,特殊情况告诉你; 先行用 way 作状语,in which/ that /略可以; one of +复作先行,从中谓语复数明; one 前若有 only/very,从中谓语定用单; 定从名从可转换,all that 被 what 换。 —I’m looking for a book _______________ tells the history of England. A. which B. who C. what D. where 2. —What are you doing? —I’m reading the book _______________ you lent me last week. A. what B. who C. when D. that 3. —Why do you call him Mr. Knowledgeable? —Because he knows almost everything _______________ we want to know. A. which B. what C. that D. who 4. —I heard that Shao Yifu passed away. —Yes, he is a great man _______________ donated billions of dollars to charity, schools and hospitals. A. who B. whom C. which D. / 5. No one knows _______________ in the future. A. what will be happen B. what will happen C. what will it happen D. what it will happen 6. He always forgets all the things _______________ he needs to do. A .what B. that C. what D. which 7. —In a text message, 88 means Bye-bye. —And another example is F2F _______________ stands for face to face. A. that B. who C. whom D. it 8. After Mandela was free (自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people _______________ wanted to kill him. A. whose B. which C. / D. who 9. The book in _______________ I have much interest now is Around the World in Eighty Days. A. that B. who C. which D. whose 10. He always forgets all the things _______________ he needs to do. A .what B. that C. that what D. which 11. —Did you travel anywhere this vacation? —Yes. I was shown around an old house _______________ was built in 1806. A. where B. what C. that 12. Someone _______________ you know might really need the money. A. which B. what C. that D. who 13. This is the best show _______________ I have seen so far. A. when B. what C. that 14. The man _______________ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whom B. which C. who 1. (2018 • 安顺中考)—Only You is a TV program _______________ is popular with most young people. —Yes, it is definitely true. A. that B. whose C. what D. who 2. (2018 • 滨州中考)You are talented young adults _______________ are full of hope for the future. A. which B. when C. who D. where 3. (2018 • 湖北咸宁中考)—What do you think of the show Readers on CCTV? —It’s a great TV show _______________ expresses our true feelings by reading aloud in public. A. whom B. who C. whose D. that 4. (2018 • 内蒙古通辽中考)—Do you know the man _______________ is talking with our Chinese teacher? —Yes. He is my uncle, Mr. King. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 5. (2018 • 山东临沂)My grandparents like stories _______________ have happy endings. A. they B. who C. which D. / 6. (2017 • 湖北省随州市中考)—Why are you so worried? —I’ve lost the watch _______________ my dad bought me on my birthday. A. what B. who C. whose D. which 7. (2017 • 吉林省中考)Ode to Joy(《欢乐颂》)is a TV play _______________ many people like. A. why B. that C. who 8. (2017 • 四川成都)A kind of shared bike _______________ is called bluegogo is getting more and more popular in Chengdu. A. it B. who C. which 9. (2016 • 山东滨州)—Which song do you like better, Maria? —I prefer the song Manual of Youth _______________ is sung by TFBOYS. A. which B. who C. whom D. where 10. (2016 • 广西来宾)The students love the teachers _______________ can make their lessons fun. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 1. (湖北省丹江口市习家店中学 2018 届九年级中考模拟考试)I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _______________ I met in the English speech contest last year A. whom B. whose C. which D. where 2.(湖南省长沙市 2017-2018 师大附中教育集团九年级下英语第二次联考)Every time I go to ask him for help, he always says, "There’s nothing _______________ I can do for you. Go to ask somebody else." A. that B. which C. what 3. (福建省 2018 届初三第二次模拟考试)The earth is the only planet _______________ provides us with everything we need. It’s our duty to protect it. A. who B. what C. that 4. ( 安 徽 省 马 鞍 山 市 2018 届 九 年 级 第 二 学 期 二 模 ) She is talking about the school and teachers _______________ we visited last month. A. who B. which C. where D. that 5. (四川省 2018 届九年级下学期二诊考试)It is the school rooftop _______________ a group of Shanghai students have grown vegetables. A. which B. that C. what D. where 6. (2016 • 湖南长沙麓山国际实验学校九年级第二次模拟)I’ll never forget the poor school _______________ I visited three years ago. A. which B. where C. Who 7. (2016 • 云南省曲靖市一中九年级三月月考)I still remember the college and the teachers _______________ I visited in London two years ago. A. which B. who C. what D. that 8. (2016 • 云南昆明市三中九年级上期末考试)—Do you know the little boy _______________ is helping the old man cross the road? —No. But how nice he is! A. which B. who C.whom D. \ 9. (2016 • 云南昆明市三中九年级上期末考试)Who is the lady _______________ is standing under the tree? A.who B.whose C.which D.that 10. (2015 • 麓山国际实验学校九年级下限时测试)The woman _______________ son won the first prize in the competition was very proud. A. who B. which C. whose 11. 句型转换。 (1)The girl is my cousin. The girl is wearing glasses. (改为定语从句) The girl _______________ wearing g1asses is my cousin. (2)Zhai zhigang became the first Chinese astronaut to walk in space. (改为定语从句) Zhai zhigang became the first Chinese astronaut _______________ _______________ in space. (3)The girl with a flower in her hand is my sister. (改为含定语从句的复合句) The girl _______________ _______________ a flower in her hand is my sister. (4)That’s quite a beautiful house. I used to live in it. (合并成含有定语从句的复合句) The house _______________ I used to live in _______________ quite beautiful. (5)The man with a pair of glasses is my physics teacher. (改为定语从句) The man _______________ _______________ a pair of glasses is my physics teacher. 【跟踪训练】 3. C【解析】句意:——你为什么叫他万事通先生? ——因为他几乎知道一切我们想知道的。1)先行词是不 定代词:all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything 等。2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。 3)先行词被 all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some 等修饰。4)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。5)先行词既有人又有物时。故选 C。学科&网 4. A【解析】句意:——我听说邵逸夫去世了。——是的,他是一个伟大的人,他捐赠数十亿美元给慈善机 构,学校和医院。这是一个定语从句,先行词是人,故用 who/whom 引导,在从句中作主语时用 who, 故选 A。 5. B【解析】句意:没有人知道未来会发生什么。无论 哪种句式结构充当宾语从句都要用陈述句语序,从 句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致。主句的谓语动词是过去式从句的谓语动词也要用相应的过去时 态。若从句表达的是真理或客观事实,不管主句的谓语动词是何种时态从句都要用一般现在时。根据 in the future 可知该用一般将来时。故选 B。 6. B【解析】句意:他总是忘记所有他需要去做的事情。本题考查定语从句的用法,先行词是 all the things, 故关系词用 that。故选 B。 7. A【解析】句意:——在短信中,88 的意思是再见。——另一个例子是 F2F 表示面对面。结合语境可知 下文先行词 F2F 作下文定语从句的逻辑主语,指物,故引导词用 that,选 A。 8. D【解析】句意:在一九九零年,Mandela 获得自由之后,他选择了和曾经想要杀他的人握手。分析:考 查定语从句的用法,先行词 people,先行词在从句中作主语,因此选择引导词 who。故选 D 10. B【解析】句意:他总是忘记他需要做的所有事情。he needs to do 是定语从句,先行词是 things,当先行 词是不定代词 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 时或被 all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some 等修饰时,用引导词 that。故选 B。 11. C【解析】句意:——这个假期你去任何地方旅游了吗?——是的,我参观了一个在 1806 年建造的房子。 这里考查定语从句,先行词是物,关系词用 that 来引导。故选 C。 12. C【解析】句意:你认识的某个人可能真的需要钱。you know 这里缺少的是一个宾语成分,而这是一个 定语从句,someone 是先行词,当先行词是不定代词的时候,关系代词用 that,故选 C。 13. C【解析】句意:这是我迄今看过的最好的展示。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查定语从句,先行词是 物并有最高级修饰,关系词代替先行词并在定语从句中作宾语,所以关系词用 that,故选 C。 14. B【解析】句意:那个住在我们旁边的人是我的英语老师。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查定语从句, 先行词是 the man,关系词代替先行词并在定语从句中作主语,所以用 who,故选 C。 【真题再现】 1. A【解析】句意:——《只有你》是一个深受大多数年轻人喜爱的电视节目。——是的,这是千真万确的。 考查定语从句的关联词,what 不能引导定语从句,首先排除 C;that 的先行词是人或物,在定语从句 中作主语或宾语;whose 先行词指人或物,在定语从句中作定语;who 的先行词是人,在定语从句中 作主语。本句的先行词 TV program 指物,在定语从句中作主语,故选 A。 3. D【解析】句意:——你对中央电视台的节目《朗读者》有什么看法?——这是一个很棒的电视节目,通 过公开朗读来表达我们的真实感受。A. whom 关系代词,可以引导定语从句,先行词是人,在从句中 只能作宾语;B. who 关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词是人,在从句中作主语;C. whose 先行词是人 或物,在定语从句中作定语;D. that 先行词是人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。此句的先行词为 TV show,指物,因此引导词要用关系代词 that,在定语从句中作主语,故选 D。 4. B【解析】句意:——你知道那个和我们的语文老师谈话的人吗?——是的,他是我的叔叔,King 先生。 which 引导定语从句,是关系代词,先行词为物;who 引导定语从句,关系代词,先行词为人,在从 句中作主语或者宾语;whom 是关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词是人,在从句中只能作宾语;whose…. 的。根据句子结构可知,这里是一个定语从句,先行词是 the man,故排除 A;定语从句中缺少主语, 故应选 B。 5. C【解析】句意:我爷爷奶奶喜欢有快乐结局的故事。考查定语从句。先行词 stories(故事)表示物,需 用关系代词 that 或 which,引导词同时做从句的主语,根据句意结构,故选 C。 6. D【解析】考查定语从句。句意:——你为什么这么担心?——我丢了爸爸给我买了我的生日礼物我的手 表。这里是定语从句,先行词是 watch 手表,是物,所以关系词用 which,故选 D。 7. B【解析】考查定语从句。句意:欢乐颂是一部很多人喜欢的电视剧。A. why 为什么;B. that 在定语从 句中,可以指人,也可以指物。 C. who 在定语从句中做主语指人。先行词是 a TV play 指物,关系词 在定语从句中做宾语,所以用 that,故选 B。 8. C【解析】考查定语从句。句意:一种被称为小蓝单车的共享单车在成都变得越来越受欢迎。空格前后都 是句子,所以空格处应该用连词,故排除 A;这里先行词是 bike,指物,who 指人的,故排除 B;which 是指物的;故选 C。 9. A【解析】句意:——Maria,你比较喜欢哪首歌?——我比较喜欢由 TFBOYS 演唱的《青春修炼手册》。 首先分析句子结构,本句中的 is sung by TFBOYS 在复合句中作定语从句,其中先行词 the song Manual of Youth 指物,且在定语从句中作逻辑主语,所以关系代词用 that/which,故选 A。 10. B【解析】句意:学生们喜欢使他们的课有趣的老师。修饰先行词 teachers 的定语从句中,缺少主语, 用关系代词 who,故选 B。 【模拟检测】 2. A【解析】句意:每次我让他帮忙,他总是说我没有能为你做的,去问其他人吧。A. that 那;B. which 哪 一个;C. what 什么,这是一个定语从句结构,先行词是 nothing 不定代词,引导词用 that;故选 A 3. C【解析】句意:地球是唯一为我们提供所需物品的星球。 保护它是我们的责任。本句包含了一个定语 从句,先行词是 planet"行星",先行词在定语从句中做主语,先行词是物,可以选用 that/which,选 项 A 只能做先行词是人的关系词,选项 B 不能做定语从句的引导词,故排除 A、B,先行词有 only 修 饰,只能使用 that 来做关系词,故选 C。 4. D【解析】句意:她正在谈论关于我们上个月参观的那个学校和那里的老师。who 引导定语从句,修饰人, 作主语或宾语;which 引导定语从句,修饰事物,作主语或宾语;where 引导定语从句,修饰地点名词, 作状语;that 引导定语从句,修饰人或事物,作主语或宾语。根据 the school and teachers 可知此处既 修饰人,又修饰事物,故用 that 引导定语从句,故选 D。 5. D【解析】句意:这是那个学校屋顶,一群上海的学生在那里种蔬菜。which 修饰事物,在定语从句中作 主语,宾语或表语。that 修饰事物,在定语从句中作主语,宾语或表语。what 引导名词性从句,在句 中作主语,宾语或表语;where 引导定语从句,在句中作状语。此处修饰地点名词 the school rooftop, 定语从句中主语,谓语和宾语齐全,故用 where 作地点状语,故选 D。 6. A【解析】句意:我永远不会忘记三年之前我参观的那个贫穷的学校。这里是 which 引导的定语从句,先 行词是 the poor school,关系词用 which。故选 A。 7. D【解析】句意:我仍然记得两年前在伦敦我访问的大学和老师。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查定语从 句的用法,先行词是 the college and the teachers,既有人也有物,所以关系词只能用 that,故选 D。 8. B【解析】句意:——你认识帮助老人过马路的那个小男孩吗?——不,但他是多么的好呀!先行词 the little boy 在定语从句中作主语,可以用关系代词 who 代替,故选 B。 9. D【解析】句意:站在树下的那位女士是谁?who 谁;whose 谁的;which 哪一个;that 那。先行词 the lady 在定语从句中作主语,在主句中含有疑问词 who,所以可以用关系代词 that 代替。故选 D。 11. 句型转换。 (1)who/that is (2)that walked (3)who/that has/holds (4)which, is (5)who/that wears/has

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