什么是定语和定语从句？
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用
的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用
“……的”表示。单词作定语一般前置,
句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语
则叫定语从句.
a blue sea
a handsome boy定语从句的位置:
1.紧跟在先行词的后面:
You must do everything that I do.
I have found the book which I lost.
I visited the school where I studied.
2.定语从句后移/分隔式定语从句
He laughs best who laughs last.
He is the only one of the teachers who
comes from Qingdao.
3.as引导的定语从句可前移
As you all know,the earth is round.定语从句
Join the following sentences:
1. A plane is a machine. The machine
can fly.
A plane is can fly.
A plane is can fly.
a machine the machine
a machine that /which
关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
,that/which代指先行词machine。2. The girl is Mary. We saw her
yesterday.
The girl is
Mary.
The girl is
Mary.
we saw her yesterday
who/that we saw yesterday
关系代词实际上是先行词的复指，
who/that代指先行词the girl。1. The car which my uncle had just
bought was destroyed in the
earthquake.
2. This is the city where I was born.
定义：修饰名词或代词的从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。
关系词/连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。
引导定语从句的连接词，一定要在从句中充当成
分。定语从句:
关系代词(作主语/宾语/表语):
1.who/whom(that)
2.which(that)
3..that不能放在介词的后面
4.whose=of which 或 of whom
5.as
关系副词(作状语) :
1.where=介词+ which
2.when=介词+ which
3.why=for+which
4.way的特殊用法 the way
he lives.
that he lives.
in which he lives.
关系词的作用:
1)连接；
2)代替先行词；
3)在定从中作成
分。一、关系代词
1. The number of people ____ lost
homes reached as many as
250,000.
A. who B. which C. where D. when
A
1. who
作定从的主语/宾语
指人
作主语时不可省略
指代先行词2. The boy _____ we saw yesterday
was John's brother.
A. whom B. / C. which D. when
AB
2. whom
作定从的宾语
指人
可省略
指代先行词3. Spielberg won a prize for a short
film _____ he made.
A. which B. who C. / D. where
AC
3. which
作定从的主语或宾语
指物
作宾语可省略
指代先行词4. It's about a big shark____ attacks
swimmers ___ are spending their
holidays in a small village.
A. where B. who C. that D. which E./
4. that
作定从的主语或宾语
指物或人
作宾语可省略
指代先行词
CD
BC5. Spielberg, _____ mother was a
music teacher, was born in 1946.
A. who B. which C. whose D. that
C
5. whose
作定从的定语
指物或人
不可省略
指代先行词=sb's/sth'sI once lived in a house ____ was
broken.
A. whose roof B. which roof
C. of which the roof
D. the roof of which
ACD
5. whose＋n＝of which/whom the +n
=the +n+of which/whom她父母不想把女儿嫁给一个家境贫穷的男人。
Her parents don't want to marry their
daughter to a man_________ is poor. whose family
=the family of whom
=of whom the family
the roof of the houseI still remember the day. .
=when
(1) (2)
on the dayI came here
=on which
我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。
(1)我仍然记得这天。 (2)在这天我来到这里。
1. Do you know the date ___ Lincoln
was born?
A. which B. on which
C. when D. where
1. when
BC
作定从的时间状语
指时间,在从句中表示"在...时
间"=in/on...+which
先行词为时间名词
This is the house . last year.
=in which
= where
I lived in the house
(1) (2)
就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。
(1)就是这所房子。 (2)我去年在这所房子住过。
2. The farm _____ we picked cotton
was 90 kilometers away.
A. when B. where C. why D. on
which
BD
2. where
作定从的地点状语
指地点,在从句中表示"在...地
点"=in/on...+which
先行词为地点名词(situation,
business, case, point,
surroundings,environment,
scene等为地点概念的名词)He gave a reason.
=for which
=why
(1) (2)
for the reason.people like music
(1)他给了一个原因 (2)因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。
他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。
3. I don't know the reason ____ he
looks unhappy.
A. that B. why C. for which D. /
BC
3. why
作定从的原因状语
指原因,在从句中表示"因为...
原因"=for which
先行词为reason
I disapprove the reasons ____ he
came up with.
A. that B. why C. for which D. /
AD
因此先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接
词在从句中作主语或者宾语,则只能用
that/which4.以way为先行词的定语从句问题。
I don't like the way ____ he talked to
his mother.
I don't like the way ____ he chose to
do it.
A. that B. in which C. / D. how
ABC
AC
way
方式，
方法
1.连接词如果在从句中作状语时,
用that或者in which且可以略。
2.连接词如果在从句作主语或宾
语，用that或which 指人 指物 主语 宾语
that
which
who
whom
关系代词的用法
关系代词在从句中可以：
何时可以省略？指人 指物 主语 宾语
that
which
who
whom
√ √ √ √
√ √ √
√ √ √
√ √
×
×
××
何时可以省略？
做宾语时可以省略解题方法和技巧
1.首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定
语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾
语，则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，
则在关系副词中选择。
2.其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、
地点还是reason,way。1. She looked at Jeff___ was waving
his arms.
2. The girl ____ leg was broken in the
earthquake was taken to hospital.
3. And there she saw a wall of water
___ was quickly advancing towards
her.
A. who B. that C. whose D. which
1、判断关系词在定从中的成分是关键；
2、再看先行词。
AB
C
BD定语从句使用中的特殊情况
一、只能用that的情况：
1. 先行词既有物又有人时。
He spoke of the persons and things
that he had seen abroad.
2.先行词是something, anything, all,
nothing等不定代词时。
Is there anything that I can do for
you?
3.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
或者被,all,the very,the only,the just
修饰时。
This is the best film that I have
ever seen.二、不用that的情况：
1.介词后禁用关系词that。
I heard of the man, about whom he
talked.
2. 非限制性定语从句。
She was late again, which made me
unhappy.
定语从句使用中的特殊情况
about that(X)
that(X)三,介词＋关系代词的问题。介词+关系代词的情况 1
The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.
to
in
Are these two sentences right?介词+关系代词的情况 1
The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.
to
in
Are these two sentences right?介词+关系代词的情况 1
The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.
to
in
Are these two sentences right?介词+关系代词的情况 1
The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.
to
in
Are these two sentences right?介词+关系代词的情况 1
The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.
to
in
Are these two sentences right?介词+关系代词的情况 1
The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.
to
in
×
×
Are these two sentences right?
可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后 介词+关系代词的情况 2
The man whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city which she lives is far away.
to
in介词+关系代词的情况 3
He lives in a lonely village. At the back of it is a
hill.
He lives in a lovely village, at the back of ______
is a hill.
He has three sisters. All of them are abroad.
He has three sisters,all of ________ are
abroad.
which
whom
Join the following sentences:介词+关系代词的情况
Is this the watch that you are looking for?
The old man whom I am looking after is better .
在固定短语中介词不能提前
下面两句中的介词能提前吗?
3. 固定动词或介词短语搭配1. Do you like the book she spent $10?
2. Do you like the book she paid $10?
3. Do you like the book she learned a lot?
4. Do you like the book she often talks?
5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.
6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher.
7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _______
is the Yellow River.
8. The tower _______ people can have a good view
is on the hill.
9. The man ________ I spoke on the phone last night
is very good at wrestling.
10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows,
most ______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
on which
for which
from which
about which
through which
under which
of which
from which
to whom
of which
介词+关系代词的情况 练习I still remember the day when I came here.
This is the house where I lived last year.
There are many reasons why people like traveling.
I don’t like the way that you speak.
on the day =
on which=
when
in the house=
in which=
where
for the reasons =
for which=
why
in the way =
that=
in which
关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词介词＋关系代词的问题。
1.of which/whom 结构很多时候表示“其中
Class 14 has 75 students, of whom
35 students are girls.=
35 students of whom are girls.
2. when/why/where很多时候可转换为介
词+关系代词。
This is the house where I live.
Everyone knows the reason why he
succeeded.
I remember the day when I visited
the temple.
in which
for which
on whichOn her birthday, she received from
her parents a nice present _____a
note was attached,_____ “We love
you so much”.
A. that, saying B. to which, saying
C. to which, said D. in which, said
Alec asked the policeman _______he
worked to contact him whenever
there was an accident.
A.With him B. who
B.C. with whom D. whom1.I’ll never forget the days______________ we worked together.
2.I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together.
3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.
4.I went to the place _____________ I visited ten years ago.
5.This is the reason _____________________ he was late.
6.This is the reason ___________________he gave.
when
(which/that)
where
(which/that)
why
(that/which)
几种易混的情况
及物动词
及物动词
及物动词
in which
in which
for which非限制性定语从句1。which引导的非限制性定语从句：
此时无论它在从句中充当什么成分它都不能省约，
也不能换为that
1)和主句之间的关系不密切，只起附加说明作用：
We all like the book,which was written by LuXun.
2)用来代替整个先行分句的内容。这时它所引导的定
语从句只能放在主句之后：
Bush was elected president again,which made Jim
very sad.
一.引导非限制性定语从句的连接词
who/whom/ whose/ which/where/when
/why/as 来引导,不能用that二.as 引导的非限制性定语从句
1.as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词是固
定的,如：
as you know/ see/planned/
as we expected/understand/think/
believe
也可以将它们用于被动结构中:
as is known/seen/planned/expectedThe earth is round._____ is known to
all.
The earth is round,_________ is
known to all.
_____ is known to all, the earth is
round.
______ is known to all _________the
earth is round.
______ is known to all is _________the
earth is round.
It
which/ as
As
It
定语从句在句首时只能用as,
it为形式主语,that引导主语从句
that
What that
what引导主语从句,
that引导表语从句2.as 引导的非限制性定语从句,用于下列固
定句型中
1).This is such an interesting book ____ we all like.
2).This is so interesting a book _____ we all like.
This is such an interesting book ____we all like it.
This is so interesting a book ____we all like it.
as
that
as
that
这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)
这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)
as3)This is the same book __ ___ I have.3.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的
区别：
1. which引导的从句只能放于逗号后面。
2. as引导的从句可前可后，常用于as is
said above（如上所述), as we know
（我们都知道), as is well known, as
is often the case（正如往常一样），
as is reported, as we expect等结构
中，as含有“正如，正像”之意。四.限定性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区
别:
① 限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词，
与先行词之间的关系非常密切。它所修饰的
词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或东西。
如果删去，则剩下的部分意思就会含糊不清。
如：
This is the man who gave me the money．
这就是给我钱的那个人。
上句如删去从句who gave me the money，则
成了This is the man．（这是那个人。）完
全失去了整个句子的意思，因而不能删掉 ② 非限定性定语从句，在意义上，它是先行
词的一个附加修饰语，是对先行词的进一步
说明。如果删去它，不影响整个句子的基本
意思。如：
Wang Dong，who is in the room，wants to
ask you some questions．
王东，他在房间里，想问你几个问题。
上述主句是Wang Dong wants to ask you
some questions，如果删去从句（who is in
the room），并不影响整个句子基本意思的
表达。 ③ 另外，在意思上，有时限定性和非限定性
定语从句的区别还是较大的。如：
In their class，there are fifteen
students who can speak English well．
在他们班上有十五位英语说得好的学生。
（可以看出他们班学生要多于十五位）
In their class，there are fifteen
students， who can speak English well
他们班上有十五位学生,他们英语说得很好。
（可以看出他们班上共有十五名学生，他们
英语口语都好。）
（限定性定语从句）
(非限定性定语从句）形式 作用 翻译
限制性定
语从句
非限制性
定语从句
插入成分
修饰限定
补充解释 能
不能 ….的
能否省略解题方法和技巧
1.首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定
语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾
语，则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，
则在关系副词中选择。
2.其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、
地点还是reason,way。三.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较
2.He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry.
3.He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.
4.He has two sons. Both of ___________ are teachers.
5.He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.
This/It
which
them whom
them
that
1.I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.which
×
whom×
×
引导非限制性定语从句的连接词，一律不能省略
2.He failed in the exam;_______ made his parents angry.this/it1. Is this the factory ____ his father
visited last year?
2. Is this the factory ____ his father
worked last year?
A. which B. that C./
D. where E. in which
对比训练
ABC
DE1. I will never forget the time ____ I
spent with the villagers.
2. I will never forget the time ____ I
stayed with the villagers.
A. which B. that C./ D. when
对比训练
ABC
D1. I don't believe the reason ___ he
gave for his absence.
2. I don't believe the reason ___ he
was absent.
A. which B. that C. /
D. why E. for which
对比训练
ABC
DE1. It is this shop ____ I bought all
these things.
2. It is in this shop ____ I bought all
these things.
A. that B. where C. in which D. /
对比训练
BC
A1. It was 1949 ___ PRC was founded.
2. It was in 1949___ PRC was
founded.
A. when B. in which C. that D. where
对比训练
A
C1. All ____ I do is for you.
2. _____ I do is for you.
A. that B. what C. / D. which
对比训练
AC
B
what引导主语从句,在从句中作主语.
what不能引导定语从句.对比训练
1. It is so difficult a question ____ no one
can solve it.
2. It is so difficult a question ____ no one
can solve.
A. that B. as
1. ____ is announced, the meeting was
put off.
2. ____ is announced that the meeting
was put off.
A. It B. As
A
B
B
A3.as和which引导定语从句的区别：
1). which引导的从句只能放于逗号后面
2). as引导的从句可前可后，常用于as is
said above（如上所述), as we know ,
as is well known, as is often the
case（正如往常一样),as is reported,
as we expect等结构中，as含有“正如，
正像”之意。
3).as还可以用语下列固定句型中:
so/such/as/the same……as….1. Her sister has become a lawyer,
____ she wanted to be.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
The famous football star, ___ tried
to make a goal, succeeded.
A. where B. when C. which D. who
D
本句中which指代先行词a lawyer（律师身
份).有逗号，不用that。
D2. The result of the game was good,
____ we hadn't expected.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
3. ___ I explained on the phone, your
request will be considered at the
next meeting.
A. When B. After C. As D. Which
C
本句中which指代前面整句话的内容，译为
“这”。有逗号，不用that。
本句中as指代后面整句话的内容，译为“正
如...一样”。位于句首，不用which。
C4. I like the same programme ____
you like.
A. that B.as C. which D. when
B
本句中as指代先行词programme，因为先行
词被the same修饰，故选as。
as引导定语从句常与主句构成的the
same...as; as....as; such/so....as
结构。5. ____ is reported, Tom won the first
prize.
A. It B. As C. Which D. That
B
本句中as指代后面Tom won the first prize
的事实。译为“正如所报道的那样”。
位于居首，不用which。
as引导非限制性定语可位于居首。五.定语从句的主谓一致： 试对比：
I bought a book yesterday．It was very
interesting．
＝The book which I bought yesterday______
very interesting．
I bought some books yesterday．They were
very interesting．
＝The books which I bought yesterday ———
—very interesting．
定语从句中如果连接词作主语谓语动词的数
应与连接词的数即先行词的数保持一致。
w
a
s
was
wereHe is one of the students
who______praised by the teacher.
He is the(only)one of the students
who____ praised by the teacher.
were
was
定语从句中如果连接词作主语谓语动词的数
应与连接词的数即先行词的数保持一致。1.He talked happily about the men
and book_____ interested him
greatly in the school.
A.that B.when C. who D.which
2.Can you lend me the book ____
the other day?
A.which you talked
B.that you talked
C.about that you talked
D.you talked about
A
D3.Is ___some American friends visited last week?
A.this school where B.this school one
C.this the school D.this school
4.I’ll show you a store___you may buy all ___you
need. A.that,that B.which ,that
C.where,which D.in which,/
5.Ali asked the police____he worked to contact
(联系)him whenever there was an accident.
A.with him B.who C. with whom D.whom
6.We will be shown around the city:schools,
museums,and some other places,___other
visitors seldom go.A.what B.which C.where
D.when
C
D
C
C7.The paper____bamboo is made is
especially fine.
A.which B.into which
C.of which D.from which
8.It’s impossible for us to hear everything
___is going on in the world.
A.which B.what C.there D.where
9.Is this the reason ___ at the meeting for
his carelessness in his work?
A.he explained B.what he explained
C.how he explained D.why he explained
B
C
A
explain sth to sb=explain to sb. sth10.The famous basketball star,____tried to
make a comeback,attracted a lot of
attention.
A.where B.when C.which D. who
11.Beijing government puts over 700
millon yuan to increase its green space,
_____ doubles(双倍) the money provided
last year.
A.as B.while C.that D.which
19.Helen is much more kind to her
youngest child than to the others,_____of
course,makes the others unhappy.
A.who B.which C.she D.that
D
D
B20.The wrong you’ve done him is terrible,
for___you should make an apology t0 him
, A.this B.which C.what D.that
21.The old lady,____had been killed in the
war,was given help by the local
government.
A.all her children B.all of her children
Call of whose children D.whose all children
22.The favourite room is the tidy study
with a fireplace,_____we can watch TV
and enjoy the nice scenery outside.
A.where B.when C.that D.which
B
C
A
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