专题十三 主谓一致与 there be 句型精练.ppt

由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 专题十三　主谓一致与there be句型 贵阳五年中考命题规律及趋势 考查点 年份 题号 考查角度 分值 there be 句型与主 谓一致 ‎2015‎ ‎31‎ there be句型主谓一致和时态 ‎1分 ‎2013‎ ‎40‎ there be句型(there is something wrong with…)‎ ‎1分 ‎　　分析近5年贵阳中考真题可以看出，there be句型与主谓一致为贵阳中考单项选择题的常考点，而且常与时态同时考查。语句设置多为单句，词数为8～14。如：2015年31题考查there be句型的过去时；偶尔也会考查固定句型，如：2013年40题考查“There is something wrong with…”的用法，但2016年没考there be句型。‎ 预测2017年贵阳中考单项选择题会涉及一道题考查there be句型或主谓一致。‎ 贵阳中考重难点突破 ‎【满分点拨】‎ 一、语法一致原则 使用情况 例句 ‎“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 The girl is fond of singing.‎ To protect the environment is our duty.‎ Reading‎ in the sun is bad for our eyes.‎ 表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式 The students are having their math class.‎ They have been to Qingdao twice.‎ and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语 指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式 Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health.‎ The writer and teacher is coming.‎ The writer and the teacher are coming.‎ 续表 使用情况 例句 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式 Both Peter and Mike come from England.‎ 有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses，shorts，trousers，jeans，shoes，clothes，gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 Jack's glasses are broken.‎ Linda's shoes are black and blue.‎ ‎“a number of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 A number of trees have been planted.‎ The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.‎ 不定代词another，each one，either，neither，the other，somebody，someone，something，nobody，everybody，everyone，everything，nothing，anybody，anything，anyone，no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 Is everyone here？‎ Something is wrong with my computer.‎ I called you last night，but nobody was in.‎ 续表 使用情况 例句 主语后面跟with，along with，like，except，besides，as well as，together with，including，no less than，rather than，as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致 Mei Mei，with her parents，often goes to the park on Sunday.‎ A teacher，together with some students，is standing at the gate.‎ 主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind(sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/meter/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式 This kind of car is made in China.‎ Large quantities of water are needed.‎ ‎“分数或百分数＋名词”作主语或“a lot of/lots of，plenty of，most of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式 Two thirds of the work has been finished.‎ Most of the books are written in English.‎ ‎　　注意：(1)what从句作主语时，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：‎ What we need is time.我们需要的是时间。‎ What she needs are good books.她需要的是一些好书。‎ ‎(2)and连接并列主语，若前面有each，every，many a，no等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：‎ Each boy and each girl has got a present.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。‎ 二、意义一致原则 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 使用情况 例句 有些集体名词如crowd，family，team，group，government，class，staff，public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定；若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式 His family isn't large.‎ His family are fond of watching sports programs.‎ 有些集合名词如people，police，cattle，poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news，means，works，physics，politics，maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式 The police are searching for the murder.‎ Physics is really difficult for me.‎ ‎“the＋某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 The young are energetic.‎ 某些代词或短语如half(of)，plenty(of)，the rest(of)，(a) part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数 Half of the work has been finished.‎ Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.‎ 表示复量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式 Two pounds isn't so heavy.‎ Two months is a long holiday.‎ Ten yuan is enough.‎ Ten minus five is five.‎ ‎　　注意：(1)某些以s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：‎ The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达的国家。‎ The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.尼亚加拉大瀑布或许是世界上最壮观的瀑布。‎ ‎(2)none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。如：‎ None of the money belongs to me.没有一分钱是属于我的。‎ None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class.我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。‎ ‎(3)“all/most/half/the rest of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致。如：‎ Most of her money is spent on clothes.她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。‎ Half of the students watch TV twice a week.一半的学生一周看两次电视。‎ 三、就近一致原则 使用情况 例句 由or，either…or…，nor，neither … nor…，whether…or…，not…but…，not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Neither you nor he is wrong.‎ Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film.‎ Here/There be句型中句子的主语在be之后，‎ Here are some books and paper for you.‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 There is an orange and two apples on the plate.‎ 四、there be句型 ‎(1)“there＋be＋sb./sth.＋地点”表示“某处有某人或某物”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个以上的主语时，be一般和邻近主语的数和人称保持一致。‎ ‎(2)“there＋be＋sb./sth.＋地点”的否定形式是在be动词后面加not，not any，no。‎ ‎(3)若变为一般疑问句则需要把be提前到句首。‎ 注意：there be结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如：‎ There used to be several houses behind the two buildings.过去这两栋楼后面有几所房子。‎ There was a sports meeting yesterday.昨天举行了一场运动会。‎ There will be/There is going to be a new film on Monday.星期一将有一场新电影上映。‎ There have been a lot of accidents around here.这里已经发生了许多起事故。‎ There must be a mistake somewhere.肯定有某个地方出错了。‎ ‎【考点抢测】‎ ‎1．on，books，the，there，desk，some，are ‎__There__are__some__books__on__the__desk__________________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎2．a，there，here，near，is，bookstore ‎__Is__there__a__bookstore__near__here__________________________________________________________________________?‎ ‎(　C　)3.Both Li Lei and Han Meimei ________ fond of the TV program A Bite of China.‎ A．is　　　　　　　B．am　　　　　　　C．are ‎(　B　)4.Some funny cartoon pictures ________ on the wall of my bedroom.‎ A．is B．are C．am ‎(　A　)5.Not only my father but also my grandpa ________ flying to Singapore this weekend.‎ A．is B．are C．was ‎(　C　)6.There ________ some flowers on the teacher's desk just now，but now there is nothing on it.‎ A．have B．was C．were ‎(　A　)7.There ________ a basketball match between Class Three and our class in ten minutes.‎ A．is going to be 　　　B．is going to have C．will have ‎(　A　)8.David，there ________ a dictionary and some books on your desk.Please put them away.‎ A．is B．are C．have 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费