中考英语专题复习专题十八阅读理解第4讲阅读理解CD篇.docx

专题十八阅读理解 第2讲北京东城一模阅读理解CD篇 教学目标 ‎1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。‎ ‎2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。‎ ‎3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。‎ C篇 名师点拨 知识篇 ‎“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。‎ 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？‎ 高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）‎ 单词/短语 词性 词义 拓展 掌握情况 优 良 差 normal adj.‎ 正常的 different adj.‎ 不同的 describe v.‎ 描述 frightened adj.‎ 害怕的 v. frighten terrible adj.‎ 可怕的，很糟的 decide v.‎ 决定 rude adj.‎ 粗鲁的，无理的 change v.‎ 改变 completely adv.‎ 完全的 adj. complete 20‎ excellent adj. ‎ 极好的 exciting adj. ‎ 令人兴奋的 popular adj. ‎ 受欢迎的 discussion n.‎ 讨论 v. discuss look forward to 期待，盼望 长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）‎ ‎1. I won't describe what I look like.（优*良*差*）‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 句意：我不想描述我长什么样子。‎ 本句为宾语从句，what I look like作describe的宾语，要注意翻译时的语序。‎ ‎2. It tells an exciting story that makes you feel many different emotions.（优*良*差*）‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 句意：这本书讲述了一个会使你感觉到许多不同情感的令人兴奋的故事。‎ 本句为定语从句，由that引导的从句修饰先行词story. 初中阅读中会遇到大量的定语从句，翻译是要注意语序，同时它也是高中英语的语法重点。‎ 方法篇 ‎“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。‎ 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？‎ 一、阅读理解解题步骤 第一步 快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。‎ 浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。‎ 第二步 浏览问题，明确要求。‎ 把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。‎ 第三步 通篇寻读，确定段落。‎ 也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。‎ 第四步 逐条分析，对号入座。‎ 把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。‎ 第五步 复读全文，验证答案。‎ 全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。‎ 二、阅读理解解题技巧 初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。‎ 20‎ 题型 题型一：细节理解题 解释 本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. Which of the following statements is true/false?‎ ‎2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?‎ ‎3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…?‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 ‎2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案 ‎3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案 典题精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.‎ If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .‎ A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本题可以运用到解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 浏览题干，确定关键短语为cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落，确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。‎ 题型 题型二：推理判断题 解释 推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. It can be inferred from the text that_____.‎ ‎2. From the text we know that _____.‎ ‎3. With which of the following does the author agree?‎ ‎4. The passage is probably taken from a _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断 ‎2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 ‎3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断 典题精析 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, buta writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developingher mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up.‎ Grayson Perry, an artist,grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making ‎ 20‎ up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely.‎ The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .‎ A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 题干意为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“Meera Syal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为He became creative, because he could think freely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。‎ 题型 题型三：词义猜测题 解释 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______.‎ ‎2. The word“…”most likely means _____.‎ ‎3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 通过因果关系猜测词义 ‎2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 ‎3. 通过构词法猜测词义 ‎4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义 ‎5. 通过描述猜测词义 ‎6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义 ‎7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义 典题精析 Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity.‎ What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to.‎ 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。‎ 题型 题型四：主旨大意题 解释 考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。‎ 设题 ‎1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is 20‎ 方式 ‎ _____.‎ ‎2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____.‎ ‎3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句 ‎2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 ‎3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图 典题精析 In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.‎ What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.‎ 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词these days和have accepted that表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故选D。‎ 语篇精讲 浏览问题 ‎（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）‎ 题号 题干及选项 ‎1‎ How is Auggie different from other boys?（细节理解题）‎ A. His name is special. ‎ B. His face shape is not normal.‎ C. He doesn’t go to school. ‎ D. He likes playing with his Xbox.‎ ‎2‎ Why doesn’t Auggie want to go to school at first?（细节理解题）‎ A. Because he has to stay in hospital.‎ B. Because his mother teaches better than teachers.‎ C. Because he doesn’t think he should go to school.‎ D. Because he is afraid other students may make fun of him.‎ ‎3‎ What can we know about the book?（推理判断题）‎ A. It tells the story of a real family.‎ B. Many schools use it to educate students.‎ C. Adults like the book more than children.‎ D. The emotions of the story are hard to understand.‎ 20‎ 通篇寻读 ‎（通读文章，根据问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备）‎ 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 日常生活类 记叙文 ‎366‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/3‎ ‎★★★‎ Wonder is a book about a ten-year-old boy called August, or Auggie, who feels normal but looks very different.‎ What’sWonder about?‎ Auggie lives with his parents and sister in New York. He is a normal boy in many ways. He rides a bike and likes playing with his Xbox. But Auggie has deformities(畸形）of the face and looks very different from other children. At the start of the book, he tells us "My name is August. I won't describe what I look like. Whatever you're thinking, it’s probably worse. " In the street, people look at Auggie and are frightened.‎ Auggie has never been to school because he has spent a lotof time in hospital. Hismother teaches him at home. But now he’s ten, she thinks he should go to school. At first, Auggie doesn’t want to go. He worries that other students will look at him and say terrible things. Butwhen he visits a school with his mum, he likes the head teacher and decides to go. Auggie’s first year at school has good times and bad times. He makes some good friends but other children are rude to him. At the end of the year, Auggie goes on a school trip and a frightening eventthere changes things completely.‎ Is it a good book?‎ Wonder is an excellent book, It tells an exciting story that makes you feel many different emotions. It is easy to like Auggie. He has a good sense of humour, so the book has a good mix of funny and sad moments. But the book isn’t just about Auggie. We also learn what life for his sister, and his friend, Jack. Wonder is popular with people of all ages. Pre-teens, teenagers and adults all love the book.‎ A bestseller Wonder is RJ Palacio’s first book. On her website, she explains that she had the idea for Wonder after seeing a girl with deformities on the street one day.Many schools use the book to start discussions about bullying, friendship and being different. The book is very popular and has won prizes. Many people are looking forward to seeing what RJ Palacio writes next.‎ 逐题分析 语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的记叙文。主要介绍了Wonder 这本书主要内容，阐述的道理及价值。‎ ‎1. How is Auggie different from other boys?‎ A. His name is special. ‎ B. His face shape is not normal.‎ C. He doesn’t go to school. ‎ D. He likes playing with his Xbox.‎ 解析：B.‎ 细节理解题。根据题干关键短语different from other boys可将答案锁定在原文第二段中。根据第二段关键句 20‎ But Auggie has deformities(畸形）of the face and looks very different from other children.“但是Auggie有着畸形的脸，看起来和其它的男孩有很大的不同。”，A项意为“他的名字是特殊的”；B项意为“他的脸型不是正常的”，C项意为“他不想去上学”，D项意为“他喜欢玩他的Xbox。”即可推断出正确答案。‎ ‎2. Why doesn’t Auggie want to go to school at first?‎ A. Because he has to stay in hospital.‎ B. Because his mother teaches better than teachers.‎ C. Because he doesn’t think he should go to school.‎ D. Because he is afraid other students may make fun of him.‎ 解析：D. ‎ 细节理解题。本题询问的是“Auggi起初不想去上学的原因”。根据题干可将答案锁定在文章第三段中，根据关键句“At first, Auggie doesn’t want to go. He worries that other students will look at him and say terrible things.”可知他担心其他的学生会看他并说一些糟糕的事情。即可推断出正确答案。‎ ‎3. What can we know about the book?‎ A. It tells the story of a real family.‎ B. Many schools use it to educate students.‎ C. Adults like the book more than children.‎ D. The emotions of the story are hard to understand.‎ 解析：B. ‎ 推理判断题。本题询问的是“我们能够从这本书中得知什么？”A项意为“它告诉我们一个真实家庭的故事。”，根据最后一段中On her website, she explains that she had the idea for Wonder after seeing a girl with deformities on the street one day.可知这个故事的想法是来源于一个面部畸形的女孩，而不是真实的故事。B项意为“许多学校用这本书去教育学生”，根据最后一段Many schools use the book to start discussions about bullying, friendship and being different.可判定此项和文中表述一致；C项意为“成年人比儿童更喜欢这本书”，根据“Wonder is popular with people of all ages. Pre-teens, teenagers and adults all love the book.”可判定此项错误；D项意为“故事的情感很难理解”，根据“Wonder is an excellent book, It tells an exciting story that makes you feel many different emotions.”可知在这本书中你能感受到许多不同的情感，所以此项错误，故选B。‎ 精讲笔记 ‎（学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法）‎ 语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）‎ 单词 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）‎ 20‎ 语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）‎ 细节理解题 ‎1、2‎ 推理判断题 ‎3‎ 词义猜测题 主旨大意题 能力提升 基础过关 一、词汇/短语英汉互译★‎ 单词/短语 词性 词义 normal adj.‎ adj.‎ 不同的 describe v.‎ frightened adj.‎ adj.‎ 可怕的，很糟的 v.‎ 决定 adj.‎ 粗鲁的，无理的 change v.‎ completely adv.‎ excellent adj. ‎ adj. ‎ 令人兴奋的 adj. ‎ 受欢迎的 discussion n.‎ look forward to 二、句子英汉互译★★‎ ‎1. 你知道是谁赢得了游戏吗？‎ ‎_____________________________________________.‎ ‎2. 你能告诉我怎样用这个新的电脑吗？‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎3. We also learn what life for his sister, and his friend, Jack.‎ 20‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎4. Many people are looking forward to seeing what RJ Palacio writes next.‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎5. The man who visited our school yesterday is an American friend.‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ 阅读练习 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 日常生活类 记叙文 ‎373‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/4‎ ‎★★★‎ Alexis Martin is a three-year-old girl from Arizona. She hasn’t started kindergarten（幼儿园）yet, but she has an IQ above 160, which is well above the average（一般的）people’s IQ. So, there is no wonder that she has become the youngest member of Mensa, the largest and oldest high IQ society in the world. Mensa is an international club whose members have an IQ score in the top 2% of the world. Currently, Mensa has 3,300 members under the age of 18 in the U.S. Alexis is one of them. ‎ The average people generally have an IQ score of 100 points, but Martin scored 160 points, the highest score on the test. The doctors who tested Alexis said she scored so high that they couldn’t even work out her IQ exactly. They think she is even smarter than 99.9% of the world population. Actually, she matched the IQs of talents like Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. ‎ Ian Martin, Alexis’ father, said his daughter showed signs of some unique abilities at the age of one and she began reading books for pupils when she was just two years old. Now at the age of three, Alexis isreading on a fifth grade level.‎ ‎“From 12 months old, we’d be driving around in the car and she would repeat her bedtime stories from the night before,” he said. “She didn’t just repeat them. She could remember every word of them exactly.”‎ Ian Martin thinks his daughter also stands out when it comes to learning new languages. “Anytime she learns a word and just picks it up through anything, she never ever uses it in the incorrect situation, ever,” Ian said. ‎ While Alexis’s parents are proud that their three-year-old daughter has become a member in Mensa, they are also aware of the price that comes with every gift. The doctors say Alexis should never attend a normal school and children with her level of intelligence（智力）often experience high anxiety（焦虑）unless they’re around similarly gifted boys and girls. Her parents decide to follow the advice and try to look for proper ways to help her get involved into society. ‎ ‎1. Mensa only accepts __________. （细节理解题）‎ A. teenagers under 18 in the U.S.‎ B. people with IQs above 160 in the U.S.‎ C. talents in the world like Albert Einstein D. people with IQs in the top 2% of the world ‎2. From the passage, we know that Alexis’ IQ is __________.（细节理解题）‎ A. getting higher through training ‎ 20‎ B. beyond the limit of the IQ test ‎ C. above the IQ of Stephen Hawking D. growing too fast to get an exact score ‎ ‎3. One of Alexis’ special abilities is that __________.（细节理解题）‎ A. she could read stories at the age of one ‎ B. she could write books for pupils at the age of two C. she can remember every word of what her parents said ‎ D. she can learn new words quickly and use them properly ‎4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?（推理判断题）‎ A. Alexis is sure to experience anxiety in the future.‎ B. Alexis’ parents can’t afford the gifts that she chooses.‎ C. Alexis’ parents won’t be able to find her a normal school.‎ D. Alexis may feel it hard to get along with the average people. ‎ 参考答案 基础过关 一、词汇/短语英汉互译 单词/短语 词性 词义 normal adj.‎ 正常的 different adj.‎ 不同的 describe v.‎ 描述 frightened adj.‎ 害怕的 terrible adj.‎ 可怕的，很糟的 decide v.‎ 决定 rude adj.‎ 粗鲁的，无理的 change v.‎ 改变 completely adv.‎ 完全地 excellent adj. ‎ 极好的 exciting adj. ‎ 令人兴奋的 popular adj. ‎ 受欢迎的 discussion n.‎ 讨论 look forward to 期待，盼望 二、句子英汉互译。‎ ‎1. Do you know who has won the game?‎ ‎2. Could you please tell me how to use the new computer?‎ ‎3. 我们也了解到了他妹妹和他朋友杰克的生活。‎ ‎4. 许多人盼望看到RJ Palacio接下来写的作品。‎ ‎5. 昨天参观我们学校的那个男人是一个美国朋友。‎ 阅读练习 20‎ ‎1. D 2. B 3. D 4. D D篇 名师点拨 知识篇 高频词 单词/短语 词性 词义 拓展 掌握情况 优 良 差 possibility n.‎ 可能性 adj. possible opp. impossible ‎ convenient adj.‎ 方便的 calm down 平静下来 relaxed adj.‎ 放松的 necessary adj. ‎ 必要的 opp. unnecessary ‎ healthy adj.‎ 健康的 opp. unhealthy ‎ alone adj. ‎ 单独的 spend v. ‎ 度过，花费 information n.‎ 信息 separate…from…‎ 把…与…分开 长难句 ‎1. I can ring my sister who lives in Los Angeles on Viber. （优*良*差*）‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 句意：我可以通过Viber给我住在洛杉矶的妹妹打电话。‎ 本句为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词sister。‎ ‎2. This is an age when we can get so much surface information about other people's lives, but beingwrapped（包裹） up in what other people are doing or always thinking about other people’s recognition (认可) of us can be quite unhealthy.（优*良*差*）‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 句意：这是一个我们能得到很多关于其他人生活的表面信息的时代，但是被别人所做的事情包裹起来或是总是考虑得到别人的认可可能是非常不健康的。‎ 本句的前半部分是一个由when引导的定语从句修饰先行词age，后半句是动名词短语作主语的句子。‎ 方法篇 ‎“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, ‎ 20‎ 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。‎ 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？‎ 一、阅读理解解题步骤 第一步 快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。‎ 浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。‎ 第二步 浏览问题，明确要求。‎ 把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。‎ 第三步 通篇寻读，确定段落。‎ 也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。‎ 第四步 逐条分析，对号入座。‎ 把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。‎ 第五步 复读全文，验证答案。‎ 全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。‎ 二、阅读理解解题技巧 初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。‎ 题型 题型一：细节理解题 解释 本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. Which of the following statements is true/false?‎ ‎2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?‎ ‎3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…?‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 ‎2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案 ‎3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案 典题精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.‎ If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .‎ A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本题可以运用到解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 浏览题干，确定关键短语为cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落，确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a ‎ 20‎ potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。‎ 题型 题型二：推理判断题 解释 推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. It can be inferred from the text that_____.‎ ‎2. From the text we know that _____.‎ ‎3. With which of the following does the author agree?‎ ‎4. The passage is probably taken from a _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断 ‎2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 ‎3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断 典题精析 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developingher mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up.‎ Grayson Perry, an artist,grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely.‎ The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .‎ A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 题干意为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“Meera Syal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为He became creative, because he could think freely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。‎ 题型 题型三：词义猜测题 解释 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______.‎ ‎2. The word“…”most likely means _____.‎ 20‎ ‎3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 通过因果关系猜测词义 ‎2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 ‎3. 通过构词法猜测词义 ‎4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义 ‎5. 通过描述猜测词义 ‎6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义 ‎7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义 典题精析 Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity.‎ What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to.‎ 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。‎ 题型 题型四：主旨大意题 解释 考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _____.‎ ‎2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____.‎ ‎3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句 ‎2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 ‎3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图 典题精析 In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.‎ What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.‎ 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词these days和have accepted that表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故选D。‎ 语篇精讲 20‎ 浏览问题 ‎（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）‎ 题号 题干及选项 ‎1‎ What does the underlined word “intrusive” probably mean?（词义猜测题）‎ A. Interruptive B. Helpful.‎ C. Unsatisfactory. D. Important.‎ ‎2‎ What does the writer think of being alone properly?（细节理解题）‎ A. It’s the only way to get relaxed.‎ B. It makes other people feel upset.‎ C. It’s necessary and healthy for people.‎ D. It makes out-going people feel lonely.‎ ‎3‎ The writer agrees .（推理判断题）‎ A. It’s important to know what other people think of us B. its harmful to always compare ourselves with others C. technology helps us to judge and improve ourselves D. technology helps us to know about other people clearly ‎4‎ What’s the best title for the passage?（主旨大意题）‎ A. Is technology really good for us?‎ B. How can we keep in touch with others?‎ C. What is the best way to enjoy ourselves?‎ D. Do we spend enoughtime truly by ourselves?‎ 通篇寻读 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 社会现象类 议论文 ‎373‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/4‎ ‎★★★★‎ These days there are lot of possibilities to be always connected to family and friends. Now that I have just moved lo France, this can be very convenient. I can ring my sister who lives in Los Angeles on Viber, or I can Skype my parents or friends back in England for a chat. However, sometimes the convenient and dependability of technology can beintrusive.‎ Even the most out-going people need some “down time” to calm down on their own and get relaxed. This is something that I consider necessary and healthy. After all, you have to live with yourself for the rest of your life, so you’d better know how to enjoy your own company. It can be a good thing to have time to yourself to collect your thoughts and free your feelings. Today I went for a walk by myself around the lake and just day-dreamed. It was so relaxing and enjoyable and helped me let go of my bad emotions.‎ However, somehow it seems rude or perhaps makes people feel that you'reupset to sayto people“ I'm going to go and spend sometime by myself. ”Andoften when we are spending time‘alone’ , we are actually connected with a piece of electrical equipment. We try to make something into a Facebook or a Tweet to attract our friends, or we scroll (滚屏) through Facebook nosing into other people’s lives orseeing what friends are up to. We judge ourselvesand other people by the photos they put online, ‎ 20‎ so we can tell how much fun they are having compared to us. This is an age when we can get so much surface information about other people's lives, but being wrapped（包裹） up in what other people are doing or always thinking about other people’s recognition (认可) of us can be quite unhealthy.Perhaps these days forget about the simple pleasure of spending time just for us.‎ Having said all that, I also think that spending too muchtime byyourself can separate you from others. I suppose it is important to find a good balance between spending valuable time by yourself and with other people.‎ 逐题分析 语篇解读：本篇文章是社会现象类的议论文。本文主要描述的是当今社会人们大部分时间都在关注别人的生活或在意别人对自己的看法，很少有自己独处的时间这一社会现象。阐述了我们应该平衡留给自己的时间和与他人交往的时间这一观点。‎ ‎1.What does the underlined word “intrusive” probably mean?‎ A. Interruptive B. Helpful.‎ C. Unsatisfactory. D. Important.‎ 解析：A 词义猜测题。划线词汇出现在文章中的第一段，浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词however“然而”，however之前阐述的是this can be very convenient，即与家人联系是非常方便的，故however后的句子应是与其意思相反的，是消极词汇，所以排除B和D。根据第二段第一句中的calm down“冷静下来”，可以知道划线词汇为它的反义词，A意为“打扰的”；C意为“不满意”，故选A。‎ ‎2. What does the writer think of being alone properly?‎ A. It’s the only way to get relaxed.‎ B. It makes other people feel upset.‎ C. It’s necessary and healthy for people.‎ D. It makes out-going people feel lonely.‎ 解析：C 细节理解题。题干意为“作者认为合理的保持孤独怎么样？”，浏览全文，可将答案锁定在文章第二段中，根据第二段关键句“This is something that I consider necessary and healthy.”“我认为是必要的和健康的”，可以判定正确答案为C。‎ ‎3. The writer agrees . ‎ A. It’s important to know what other people think of us B. its harmful to always compare ourselves with others C. technology helps us to judge and improve ourselves D. technology helps us to know about other people clearly 解析：B ‎ 推理判断题。本文需要我们选择符合作者观点的选项。A项意为“知道别对我们的看法是很重要的”，根据第三段倒数第二行句子“always thinking about other people’s recognition (认可) of us can be quite unhealthy.”可以判定此项是错误的。B项意为“总是将别和我们自己作比较是有害的”，本句话关键词出现在第三段We judge ourselves and other people by the photos they put online，因此可以判定选项与作者观点一致。CD两项与文章讨论的中心论点无关，排除，故选B。‎ 20‎ ‎4.What’s the best title for the passage?‎ A. Is technology really good for us?‎ B. How can we keep in touch with others?‎ C. What is the best way to enjoy ourselves?‎ D. Do we spend enoughtime truly by ourselves?‎ 解析：D ‎ 主旨大意题。本篇文章作者所要表达的观点是我们需要更多的时间独处，A项意为“科技对我们真的有好处吗？”；B项意为“我们怎样能保持与其他人之间的联系？”；C项意为“过得快乐的最好办法是什么？”；D项意为“我们真的有足够的独处时间吗？”，故选D。‎ 精讲笔记 语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）‎ 单词 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）‎ 语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）‎ 细节理解题 ‎2‎ 推理判断题 ‎3‎ 词义猜测题 ‎1‎ 主旨大意题 ‎4‎ 能力提升 基础过关 一、词汇/短语英汉互译★‎ 单词/短语 词性 词义 possibility n.‎ convenient adj.‎ 20‎ 平静下来 adj.‎ 放松的 necessary adj. ‎ adj.‎ 健康的 adj. ‎ 单独的 v. ‎ 度过，花费 information n.‎ separate…from…‎ 二、句子英汉互译★★‎ ‎1. 我怎能控制我自己？我无法冷静下来。‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎2. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎3. Washing hands before meals is good for our health. ‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎4. Climbing up the mountain will make you exhausted. ‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎5. Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. ‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ 阅读练习 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 科普环保类 议论文 ‎440‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/4‎ ‎★★★★‎ It is an argument that has divided the East and the West for centuries: Are chopsticks better than the knife and fork, or vice versa? Now the winner may finally be decided, on environmental ground.‎ Chopsticks are made from a variety of materials, but bamboo and wood chopsticks are more popular. They are usually cheaper, lower in temperature conduction and provide better sense for holding food. That’s why almost all disposable（一次性的）chopsticks are made of bamboo or wood. With cutting down 25 million fully-grown trees a year to make chopsticks, China has ranked number one among the producers. “We must change our habits and encourage people to take their own chopsticks when eating out,” said Mr. Bo, the owner of a forestry industry company in China. He even went so far as to suggest that restaurants should offer metal knives and forks instead. If Mr. Bo’s suggestion is widely accepted, it would be a dark moment in chopsticks’ 4,000-year history.‎ Chopsticks were invented in ancient China and later spread around Asia. They are not only used as eating tools but also used for cooking, stirring the fire and serving food. Koreans sometimes use metal chopsticks because of their love of barbecue（烧烤）. Chinese chopsticks are longer than Korean and Japanese chopsticks in order to reach the dishes in the center of the table. There are 1.4 billion people using 80 billion pairs of disposable chopsticks in China every year. However, the most widespread use of disposable chopsticks is inJapan. Around a total of 24 billion pairs are used in Japan each ‎ 20‎ year,which means each Japanese uses almost 200 pairs yearly. However, most of its disposable chopsticks have been imported（进口）from China, up to over 90%. ‎ Today, China has to accept the truth that its forests can no longer provide enough chopsticks to feed Asian’s table habit.China is now the world’s largest importer of wood and even imports chopsticks from America.An American company said that the state’s native sweet gum and poplar wood would be perfectly used to make chopsticks. These materials do not need to be lightened with chemicals or bleach（漂白粉）. The healthy materials and fairly reasonable prices of the products are appealing to Asian customers. More and more Asians start to use American-made chopsticks at their tables. ‎ Although the U.S. has a huge amount of wood, reducing the number of trees that are cut down in Asia, changing the table habit of using disposable chopsticks still seems to be a wiser choice for chopsticks-using countries.‎ ‎1. According to Paragraph 2, Mr. Bo’s advice is that Chinese should ________.（细节理解题）‎ A. use metal chopsticks instead of wooden ones B. plant more trees and produce fewer chopsticks C. form the habit of taking their own chopsticks when eating out ‎ D. change their habits and begin to use knives and forks at home ‎2. What do we know about chopsticks in Asia?（细节理解题）‎ A. Koreans mainly use chopsticks to cook food over a fire.‎ B. Most disposablechopsticks in Japan are made in China. ‎ C. The most disposable chopsticks are used in Japan yearly.‎ D. Chinese use the shortest chopsticks to take and serve food.‎ ‎3. The underlined word “appealing” in Paragraph 4 probably means ______.（词义猜测题）‎ A. normal B. necessary C. attractive D. surprising ‎4. What’s the best title for the passage?（主旨大意题）‎ A. Time to Change the Materials for Chopsticks.‎ B. Time to Cut Down on Disposable Chopsticks.‎ C. Time to Import Disposable Chopsticks.‎ D. Time to Give Up Using Chopsticks. ‎ 参考答案 基础过关 一、词汇/短语英汉互译 单词/短语 词性 词义 possibility n.‎ 可能性 convenient adj.‎ 方便的 calm down 平静下来 relaxed adj.‎ 放松的 necessary adj. ‎ 必要的 healthy adj.‎ 健康的 alone adj. ‎ 单独的 spend v. ‎ 度过，花费 20‎ information n.‎ 信息 separate…from…‎ 把…与…分开 二、句子英汉互译。‎ ‎1. How do I control myself? I can’t calm down.‎ ‎2. The boys who are playing football are from Class One.‎ ‎3. 饭前洗手有益健康。‎ ‎4. 爬上这座山会使你筋疲力尽。‎ ‎5. 昨天，我帮助了一个迷路的老人。‎ 阅读练习 ‎1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 20‎