Ⅰ 阅读理解A(2018•惠州高三调研考试)Following the crowd may not always be in a person’s best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.Scientists have known that close friendships help boost health.That’s true for both teens and adults. The finding inspired Joseph Allen, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health.So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13. They interviewed each one every year for five years，and also spoke to these teens’ closest friends，who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships.The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27. This time, the questions surveyed each person’s overall health. When the researchers analyzed the data, they found a strong connection between a teen’s behavior and adult health. Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults. Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health. Those who held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults. The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health.Weight，family income and drug use were all examined. So were mental health issues，such as anxiety and depression. And in these people，such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did.Getting along with the crowd may have benefits, says Allen, but there are also drawbacks. Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work. And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior, such as smoking, drinking or using drugs. Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge，Allen acknowledges. “Finding the right balance is the key. Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy.”And, he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”【解题导语】 研究表明，与朋友较少或者没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。当然，与朋友相处也有坏处。1．Where can you probably read this passage?A．Science fiction.B．Health column.C．Fashion magazine.D．Entertainment newspaper.B 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍青少年时的友谊对青少年成年后健康的影响。据此可知，本文属于健康知识类文章，故可判断，本文可能选自“健康专栏”。故B项正确。2．We can learn from Allen’s study that________．A．many other factors have a greater influence on adult health than teen friendshipsB．mental health issues have nothing to do with adult health C．the same 171 teens were interviewed each year from 13 to 27D．the teens who couldn’t express themselves grew up to be unhealthierD 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Whether teens held back...sick as adults”可知，青少年是否向他们的好朋友表达情感也会影响到其成年后的健康，那些压抑情感的青少年成年后很可能不健康。故D项正确。3．According to what Allen said, we can know that________．A．in order to do better at school, teens should not follow the crowdB．though it’s challenging for teens to deal with peer pressure, they should not give up C．teens will engage in smoking, drinking or using drugs when facing peer pressureD．parents should understand their teens and stop them going with friendsB 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，与朋友相处使得青少年在成年后更加健康的同时也会带来不利影响，即周围同龄人带来的压力，这些压力会导致许多问题。分析Allen的话“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy”可以判断，青少年要应对这些压力，找到正确的平衡点是关键，不能因为很难找到平衡点就灰心丧气。故选B。4．What can be inferred from the passage?A．There is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd.B．Close friendships are the most important for people’s health.C．Teen friendships may help teens become healthier adults. D．Adult health is only influenced by teen friendships.C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults”可知，与朋友相处的青少年在成年后会更加健康。C项意为“青少年时期的友谊会帮助青少年成为更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思。故C项正确。B(2018•辽宁五校联考)In the dead of winter，we don’t typically think about spending time outdoors，but according to many physicians we should.The sun is our greatest source of a vitamin that is essential for good health—Vitamin D.This important vitamin strengthens bones and teeth and is linked to the prevention of heart disease，cancer and many other lifethreatening diseases.The recommended daily requirement is 400－600 International Units (IU). In summer, people with dark brown eyes and darker skin turn sunlight from just 15 minutes outside without sunscreen into adequate amounts of Vitamin D.Even during winter, just a 10minute walk at midday can keep the body’s Vitamin D at healthy levels.During brief winter walks，we receive the greatest benefits when we wear no sunscreen and expose as much skin to the sun as possible.Vitamin D can be also obtained from foods.Salmon is one of the best sources of the Vitamin.Egg yolks(蛋黄)，cheese，mushrooms and some animal organs contain smaller quantities of it.To attract consumers，food companies add Vitamin D to some of their milk products.The practice of putting the Vitamin into milk began in the 1930s.At that time，many children were suffering from rickets，an illness that is caused by a deficiency(缺乏)of Vitamin D．It made the children’s bones soft and weak.Adding Vitamin D to milk helped to solve the problem, and it has been available ever since.For people who still need more Vitamin D, there is another option；Take Vitamin D supplements(补充物)．These products are widely sold in stores.However，anyone considering taking supplements should consult a physician first.【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了维生素D的一些情况。5．During the winter months，people________．A．aren’t able to meet their deadlinesB．often don’t dress warmly enoughC．generally like to remain indoorsD．leave lots of work for others to doC 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the dead of winter，we don’t typically think about spending time outdoors，but according to many physicians we should.”可知，在冬天人们愿意待在室内。6．According to the text，Vitamin D________．A．can be obtained by being exposed to the sun B．can be used to cure lifethreatening diseasesC．can be mainly found in some milk productsD．can make the children’s bones soft and weakA 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知，维生素D可以通过晒太阳获得，故选A。7．Why is salmon mentioned in this article?A．It’s seldom prepared in the correct way.B．It’s a useful addition to a person’s diet.C．It has a huge impact on the environment.D．Its advantages have been exaggerated.B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，三文鱼是补充维生素D的食物，因此对我们的饮食是有用的补充物，故选B。8．The main purpose of this article is ________．A．to introduce a valuable nutrient B．to advertise Vitamin D supplementsC．to note risks associated with a nutrientD．to explain how a nutrient was discoveredA 解析：写作意图题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍一种营养成分——维生素D。Ⅱ 完形填空(2018•昆明高三复习适应性检测)I started serving the homeless when I was eight years old. I didn’t know these people would make such a big difference in my __1__．Twice a month I go to the church and help get things ready for __2__. When the gate is opened，people come in__3__ to get drinks. They take their seats while breakfast is __4__， and then we begin to __5__. We each take two plates and carry them __6__ the line as the plates are __7__. Each person receives several kinds of foods. I walk to the tables and __8__ the plates before them. After I’ve served them，I ask if they need __9__else and bring them whatever they ask for.When I first started serving，I was a little __10__. At first I stayed close to my mom most of the time，but after I got to know these strangers，I __11__ that they were friendly people. And the __12__ of them was often nicer than the outside.I realized that there was no __13__ to be scared. After serving for a few months，I started to __14__seeing the same people each week.All of these people make my day much __15__. The past two years has made a big __16__ in my life. I do this __17__it is the right thing to do. When I serve people，I want them to know that someone __18__ them and that they matter. Serving makes me happy, but even more __19__，it teaches me to love and __20__others and helps make the world a better place.【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”通过自己八岁跟随妈妈到教堂做慈善活动的亲身经历，感悟到了人生的意义。1．A.study B．workC．family D．lifeD 解析：首先空处所在句是全文的主旨句，又根据文章最后一段第二句可知，这些人对“我”的人生(life)产生了巨大的影响。故选D项。2．A.breakfast B．brunchC．lunch D．dinnerA 解析：根据下文的breakfast可知，此处应该是为早餐(breakfast)做准备工作。故选A项。3．A.secretly B．quicklyC．slowly D．separatelyB 解析：根据生活常识可知，肯定是快速地(quickly)进教堂来取饮料。故选B项。4．A.ordered B．enjoyedC．prepared D．tastedC 解析：根据空处所在句句意可知，我们准备早饭时，他们坐下来。故选C项。5．A.eat B．serveC．leave D．tryB 解析：根据第一段的“I started serving the homeless”可知，我们侍候无家可归者，为他们提供饭菜。故选B项。6．A.before B．beyondC．above D．alongD 解析：此处表示：我们每个人拿两个盘子，沿着座位给他们端上食物。before“在……面前”；beyond“超出……的范围”；above“在……上方”；along“沿着……旁边”。故选D项。7．A.emptied B．washedC．filled D．driedC 解析：根据句意可知，当盘子被盛满(filled)食物的时候我们才把盘子端给无家可归者。故选C项。8．A.make B．setC．fix D．showB 解析：根据空前的“I walk to the tables”可知，“我”应该是把盘子放置(set)在他们的餐桌上。故选B项。9．A.nothing B．everythingC．what D．anythingD 解析：根据空处所在句句意可知，“我”询问他们是否还有其他需要。故选D项。10．A.surprised B．embarrassedC．scared D．puzzledC 解析：根据上下文可知，刚开始时“我”有点害怕(scared)。下文的“to be scared”也是提示。11．A.realized B．admittedC．claimed D．sworeA 解析：根据语境可知，随着“我”对这些人的深入了解，“我”意识到他们是友善的。realize“意识到”；admit“承认”；claim“声称”；swear“发誓”。故选A项。12．A.past B．insideC．surface D．frontB 解析：根据空后的“nicer than the outside”可知，空处应用outside的反义词inside。故选B项。13．A.way B．doubtC．reason D．wonderC 解析：根据语境可知，这些人都很友好，“我”没有理由(reason)感到害怕。故选C项。14．A.get tired of B．take charge ofC．get down to D．look forward toD 解析：根据上文“我”情感的变化可知，做了几个月后，“我”每周都期待(look forward to)与这些人见面。get tired of“对……厌倦，厌烦”；take charge of“负责”；get down to“着手”。故选D项。15．A.better B．furtherC．busier D．easierA 解析：根据上文“我”每周期待与这些人见面可推知，“我”的生活每周因他们变得更好(better)。故选A项。16．A.success B．differenceC．profit D．fortuneB 解析：此句与文章第一段第二句中的“make such a big difference”呼应，故选B项。17．A.because B．ifC．once D．thoughA 解析：根据上下文逻辑关系可知，空处前后有因果关系。故选A项。18．A.relies on B．goes afterC．cares about D．looks forC 解析：care about“在乎，关心”；rely on“依靠，依赖”；go after“追求，追逐”；look for“寻找”。此处表示“我想让他们知道有人关心他们并且他们很重要”。故选C项。19．A.necessarily B．interestinglyC．honestly D．importantlyD 解析：importantly “重要地”，necessarily “必要地”，interestingly “有趣地”；honestly “诚实地”。根据空前的“Serving makes me happy, but even more”可知，importantly更符合语境，故选D项。20．A.respect B．forgiveC．inspire D．protectA 解析：forgive“原谅”；inspire“激发”；protect“保护”。由语境可知，只有respect符合，故选A项。
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