Unit 13 People Lesson 1 and warm up教学设计(北师大版必修5)
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Unit 13 lesson 1 & warm up ‎【教学目标】‎ ‎1、学习并掌握重点单词、短语、句型 ‎ ‎2 会分析复杂结构的句子,正确理解句义 ‎3、提高学生的阅读理解能力 ‎【知识梳理】及【典型例题】‎ lesson 1 & warm up重点单词、短语、句型讲解 ‎1. connection n.联系;连接(教材P7)‎ Connection to the gas supply was delayed for three days.‎ 接通煤气延迟了三天。‎ His job is in connection with business.‎ 他从事与商业有关的工作。‎ 常见的结构 ‎①connection between...and...……与……的联系 in connection with 与……有关 have a connection/no connection with 和……有/无联系 ‎②connect v.(使)连接;与……有联系;联运 connect...with...把……和……联系起来 connect...and/with/to...把……和……连接起来 be connected with 与……有联系 ‎③connected adj.相连的;有关系的 Tell me all you know in connection with that matter.‎ 把你知道的关于那件事的所有情况都告诉我。‎ The two ideas are closely connected,and should be dealt with together.这两种观点关系密切,应一起讨论。‎ 当堂检测 ‎ ‎ 当堂检测 用connect的适当形式填空 ‎①What is the ________between the two ideas?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.come up with 提出;想出;产生;‎ Analyse your problems and come up with a plan to improve your grade.(教材P8)‎ - 16 -‎ 分析你的问题,找出一个提高分数的计划。‎ She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.‎ 她想出了增加销售量的新主意。‎ How soon can you come up with the money?‎ 你什么时候能拿出这笔钱?‎ come about 发生 come across 偶然遇到 come into being 形成 come into effect 开始生效 How did it come about that humans speak so many different languages?人类能说这么多种不同的语言这种情况是怎么产生的呢?‎ I came across some old photos in the attic.‎ 我在阁楼里偶然翻到了一些老照片。‎ ‎【对接高考】 ‎ ‎(2011·安徽高考)If you________faults but you still want the bicycle,ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.‎ A.come across        B.care about C.look for D.focus upon ‎【解析】 句意:如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵,但是你仍想要买这辆,就让服务员降价。come across 发现,看到,符合句意。care about 在意,关心;look for 寻找;focus upon集中注意力于。‎ ‎【答案】 A 当堂检测 用come的短语填空 ‎①How did the earth ________?‎ ‎②Many a quarrel has _______ through a misunderstanding.‎ ‎③I ________ an old friend at the party last night.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.draw up 起草;草拟 Draw up an agenda and discuss it with the group.(教材P8)草拟一个日程,和你的小组成员讨论。‎ I think we can draw up a tentative plan now.‎ 我认为我们现在可以先草拟一个试验性方案。 ‎ draw back 收回(已付关税等);往回跑,退却;撤回,取消(建议、计划、诺言等)‎ - 16 -‎ At the sight of the snake,he draw back in horror.‎ 一看到蛇,他惊恐地向后退。‎ 当堂检测 用draw有关的短语完成句子 ‎1、草了一个开发欧洲新市场的计划。‎ He________a project for developing new markets in Europe.‎ ‎2、国决不会收回已作出的许诺。‎ China‎ will never________what she has promised.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4.Professor Salovey,who invented the term EQ,gives the following description;At work,it_is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted.(教材P8)提出“情商”这一说法的萨洛维教授指出,在工作上,一个人的智商决定了他能否被录用,而情商则决定了他能否得到提拔。‎ 此句用到了It is/was...that...强调句式,被强调的成分在句中当主语。‎ It is that tree that saved their lives in the flood.‎ 正是那棵树在洪水中救了他们的命。‎ It is Chinese President Xi Jinping's speech that encourages everyone attending the conference.国家主席习近平的讲话鼓舞了出席这次会议的每一个人。‎ ‎①强调句型的基本结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、宾语补足语和大部分状语,被强调的成分表示人时,that和who均可用,否则只用that。‎ ‎②一般疑问句式:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他?‎ ‎③特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+is/was it that+其他?‎ ‎④not until强调句式:It is/was not until...+that+其他。‎ ‎【提示】 强调句型与定语从句的主要区别是:若删去It is/was...that/who,句子依然成立,是为强调结构,否则就是定语从句。‎ ‎  ‎ 口诀巧记强调句型:强调结构并不难,that/who在中间;除了定、表不强调,谓语强调句式变;not until必考题,否定强调把你难;疑问强调莫忽视,基本形式记心间。‎ ‎【对接高考】 ‎ ‎(2012·重庆高考)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic________Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.‎ A.when B.that C.after D.since - 16 -‎ 当堂检测 完成句子 ‎①正是王教授教我们英语。‎ ‎________________ teaches us English.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6.deserve vt.值得;应得 For example,have you ever wondered why some of the smartest students in your class ,who you think deserve good grades,sometimes end up failing exams?(教材P8)‎ 例如,你有没有想过为什么你们班有些最聪明的学生,本应当得高分,有时反而考试不及格?‎ You deserve a rest after all that hard work.‎ 辛苦工作那么久了,你该休息一下。‎ She deserved to win/winning because she was the best.‎ 她理应赢,因为她是最优秀的。‎ deserve doing/to be done 值得做某事 deserve to do sth.应该做某事 deserve attention/consideration 值得注意/考虑 He deserves to be punished.=He deserves punishing.‎ 他应受惩罚。‎ He has worked very hard and deserves to pass the exams.‎ 他学习很努力,考试及格是应该的。‎ ‎【提示】 deserve to be done=deserve doing,其中用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义,该用法与need,require,want相同。‎ 当堂检测 ‎ ‎ 完成句子 ‎ 他的事迹值得赞扬。‎ His deeds ________________.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7.failure n.失败;失败者;不足;破产 Perhaps their failure is because of their low EQ.(教材P8)‎ 可能他们的失败是由于他们的低情商。‎ As a musician,he was a failure,but as an artist,he was a great success.作为音乐家,他是个失败者,但作为艺术家,他非常成功。‎ - 16 -‎ Failure is the mother of success.【谚】失败是成功之母。‎ ‎①end in failure ‎ ‎②fail v.失败 fail to do sth.没有能够做成某事 fail in doing sth.没有能够做成某事 All their efforts ended in failure.‎ 他们的一切努力以失败告终。‎ I failed to persuade him.=I failed in persuading him.‎ 我没能说服他。‎ His memory/eyesight/health is failing.‎ 他的记忆力/视力/健康状况正在衰退。‎ ‎【提示】 failure作不可数名词时是“失败”;作可数名词时是“失败的人或事”。‎ 当堂检测 完成句子 ‎①他是一个事业失败的人。‎ He is ________ at his career.‎ ‎②物理课上,他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。‎ In the physics class,he ________ what Professor Wang was talking about.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8.mistaken adj.错误的 People are often mistaken in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs as well.(教材P8)‎ 人们经常错误地认为高智商的人也通常拥有高情商。‎ You are totally mistaken.Oil and water will not mix.‎ 你完全错了,油和水不能相融。‎ John's friends said he was mistaken,but he stood his ground.约翰的朋友说他搞错了,但他坚持他的立场。‎ be mistaken about sb. 误会某人 mistake v. 弄错;误解n.(意见、想法或行为上的)错误 by mistake 由疏忽、健康等所致;错误地 mistake sb./sth.for...误认为某人(物)为……‎ make mistakes =make a mistake ‎ I thought it was an accident ,but I was mistaken.‎ 我认为那是一场意外,但我搞错了。‎ - 16 -‎ You are completely mistaken about him.‎ 你完全误会他了。‎ 当堂检测 完成句子 你误会他了。‎ You are________________him.‎ ‎9.It_is_generally_believed_that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.(教材P9)人们通常认为,那些拥有高情商的人往往善于接受新观点,并且对人生有着积极的处世态度。‎ 本句使用了“It be+v.ed+that 从句”结构。英语中,在不便或不必指明某看法、说法或消息的来源时,往往使用“It be+v.ed+that从句”结构。此结构中it是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语。常见的用于这种结构的动词有:believe,think,say,report,hope,expect,suggest,require,order,know等。‎ It is hoped that you'll get everthing ready.‎ 希望你们把一切准备好。‎ It is said that she is good at singing and dancing.‎ 据说她能歌善舞。‎ 以上句式可转换为以下几种表达(以It is said that sb.do sth.为例):‎ It is said that sb.do sth.‎ ‎=Sb.is said to do/have done sth.‎ It is said that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.‎ ‎=Greenhouse gases are said to be the main cause of global warming.‎ ‎=People say that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.‎ 据说温室气体是全球变暖的主要原因。 ‎ It作形式主语的句型一般可归纳为:‎ ‎(1)It is clear/obvious/true/possible that...……是清楚的/显然的/真的/可能的。‎ It's very clear that he's against the plan.‎ 很显然他反对这项计划。‎ ‎(2)It is important/necessary/strange...that... ……是重要的/有必要的/奇怪的。‎ It is important that we should learn English well.‎ 重要的是我们应当学好英语。‎ ‎【注意】 此句型中从句要使用虚拟语气。‎ 当堂检测 - 16 -‎ 完成句子 据报道,这里将新建一家医院。‎ ‎①________a new hospital will be built here.‎ ‎=A new hospital________be built here.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎10.On the other hand,there_is_little_doubt_that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations;thus they have a harder time surviving in life.(教材P9)另一方面,毫无疑问低情商的人经常在与别人相处和处理困难局面时有问题,因此他们会生活得比较艰难。‎ 在there is little doubt that...结构中that引导的是同位语从句,对doubt内容进行解释说明。‎ There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter.毫无疑问,他们在这件事上会同意你的意见。‎ There is some doubt whether their football team will win the match.‎ 他们的足球队会不会赢得这场比赛还不确定。‎ ‎①doubt用作名词,表示“怀疑、不确定、疑惑”,后面接同位语从句时,肯定句通常用whether/if引导,否定句、疑问句通常用that引导。常用句型:‎ There is no/little doubt that...毫无疑问……‎ There is (some) doubt if/whether...不确定是否……‎ ‎②doubt用作动词,表示“不确信,怀疑”,后接宾语从句时,肯定句通常用whether/if引导,否定句、疑问句通常用that引导。常用句型:‎ I doubt if/whether...我不敢肯定……‎ I don't doubt that...我确信……‎ He doubts if she will keep her word.‎ 他不敢肯定她是否会遵守诺言。‎ I don't doubt that he can finish the task on time.‎ 我相信他能按时完成任务。‎ ‎【对接高考】 ‎ ‎(2012·江苏高考)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent,________?‎ A.is there B.isn't there C.is he D.isn't he 当堂检测 完成句子 ‎①毫无疑问,成功在于勤奋。‎ - 16 -‎ ‎________________success lies in diligence.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎12.in terms of 谈及;就……而言;在……方面 Some are trying to study the possibility of improving a person's EQ,especially in terms of“people skills”,such as understanding and comunication.(教材P9)‎ 一些人试图研究提高情商的可能性,特别是“人际技能”方面的情商,例如理解和沟通能力。‎ The job is great in terms of salary,but it also has disadvantages.‎ 就薪水而言,这份工作不错,但也有一些不利之处。‎ term n.学期,期限;条款,条件;术语 in one's terms 在某人看来;根据某人的观点 in general terms 概括地,大体上,一般来说 on good/bad terms with 与某人关系好/坏 in the long/short term 从长远/短期的观点看 come to terms with 与……达成协议,和解;妥协;让步 We are on good terms with our neighbors.‎ 我们与邻居和睦相处。‎ 当堂检测 ‎ ‎ 完成句子 就额外的员工来说,我们将需要多少人?‎ ‎________ extra staff—how many will we need ‎13.The results of studies such as these show that EQ is_as_important,if_not_more_important_than IQ.(教材P9)像这样的研究结果表明,即使情商不比智商更重要,至少也与智商同样重要。‎ be as+adj.,if not+比较级+than...表示“如果不比……,至少也和……一样……”。该句型中既含有同级比较,又含有比较级。其中,if not more important than IQ是状语从句的省略,相当于if it is not more important than IQ。‎ He is as fat, if not fatter than her.‎ 他即使没有她胖,但至少跟她一样胖。‎ John plays basketball as well as,if not better than,Tom.如果不比汤姆打得好的话,约翰篮球打得和汤姆一样好。‎ 归纳拓展:‎ ‎ ‎ - 16 -‎ 在while,when,until,unless,if,once等引导的状语从句中:①如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且从句的谓语部分含有系动词或助动词be时,则可以省略从句的主语和be;②如果从句的主语为it,谓语部分为系动词be时,亦可以省略it is/was When (I was) a boy,I looked at such things quite differently.‎ 我小时候对这些事物的看法是完全不同的。‎ Don't speak until(you are)spoken to.‎ 别人没有跟你讲话,你就不要开口。‎ If (it is)necessary,ring me at home.‎ 如果有需要的话,往我家里打电话。‎ 当堂检测 完成句子 ‎①如果属实,那很重要。‎ That is important,____________.‎ ‎②英语书即便有,也很少。‎ There are few,__________,English books.‎ ‎【答案】 ①if(it is)true ②if any ‎14.accuse vt.控告;谴责 Accused of stealing money,the man was brought to court.(教材P9)那个人因被指控偷了钱而被带上法庭。‎ He was accused of murder.‎ 有人指控他谋杀。‎ She accused him of stealing her watch.‎ 她控告他偷她的表。‎ 归纳拓展:‎ accuse sb.of sth.指控某人做某事 be accused as...作为……而被控告 the accused 被告;刑事被告 accusation n.指控;控告;指责 Mr.Smith accused her of lying.‎ 史密斯先生指责她说谎。‎ Tom was accused as an accomplice,but he wasn't involved in it.汤姆被指控为同犯,但他没有参与那件事。‎ The accused was declared innocent.‎ 被告人被宣布无罪。‎ - 16 -‎ accuse/charge accuse 指控,控告;指责 accuse sb.of sth.‎ 控告某人某事 charge 控告;索价;收费 charge sb.with sth.‎ 控告某人某事 When he was accused of the theft,he turned red.‎ 当有人指控他犯有盗窃罪时,他的脸涨得通红。‎ The suspect was charged with murdering his wife.‎ 嫌疑犯被控诉谋杀他的妻子。‎ 英语中有很多重点动词构成“动词+sb.+of sth.”结构,请同学们务必记住!‎ warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事 cure sb.of...治愈某人……‎ convince sb.of sth.使某人确信某事 suspect sb.of sth.怀疑某人某事 rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物 remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事 inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事 rid sb.of sth.使某人摆脱某事 当堂检测 在下列句子中填入适当的介词 ‎①My neighbor was charged________kidnapping children.‎ ‎②The young man was accused________killing the millionaire.‎ ‎【答案】 ①with ②of ‎ 语法专讲 ‎ 观察下列从Reading中选取的句子,体会过去分词的用法,根据语法特点填空。‎ ‎①At work,it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted.‎ ‎②Supported_by_his_academic_research,Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone's future success,their character,as measured by EQ tests,might actually matter more than their IQ.‎ ‎③Professor Mayer recognised_by_many_as_a_leading_expert_in_the_study_of_changes_to_people's_EQs,recently announced the results of a study on senior high school students.‎ - 16 -‎ ‎ 由以上三个句子可知过去分词(短语)在句子中可以作________,________,________,并与其逻辑主语构成________关系。‎ ‎【答案】 宾语补足语 状语 定语 完成或被动 过去分词 一、过去分词的构成 规则动词的过去分词是在动词词尾加ed,不规则动词的过去分词有其不规则的变化规则。例如:leap→leapt,keep→kept,lay→laid,know→known等,这些不规则变化需要单独强化记忆。‎ 二、过去分词本身的含义 过去分词含有“被动”或“完成”的意思。‎ a broken heart 一颗破碎的心 a ploughed field 犁过的田地 a risen sun 已升起的太阳 三、过去分词的句法作用 ‎1.过去分词作表语 过去分词置于系动词之后,作表语。相当于形容词,说明主语的状态或表示被动概念。一般后面带介词短语,有些形容词化的过去分词前可加very。常见的过去分词作表语的有:annoyed,excited,pleased,puzzled,worried,amazed,amused,astonished,delighted,disappointed,frightened,closed,retired,surprised等。‎ My hope is gone.我的希望破灭了。‎ He is very excited at the news.‎ 听到这个消息他很激动。‎ She looked disappointed.她看上去很失望。‎ 要把动词的过去分词形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的过去分词表示状态,被动语态中的过去分词表示动作。‎ The book is well written.‎ 这本书写得很好。(系表结构,表示主语的特点或所处的状态)‎ The book was written by Lu Xun.‎ 这本书是鲁迅写的。(被动结构,表示被动的动作)‎ ‎2.过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况 ‎①前置定语 - 16 -‎ 单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。‎ A类:被动意义:‎ an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.‎ 受伤的工人们现正在医院受到良好的照料。‎ B类:完成意义:‎ a retired teacher 一位退休的教师 They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.‎ 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。‎ ‎②后置定语 过去分词(短语)作后置定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。‎ This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(=that has ever been written).‎ 这将是这类小说中写得最好的。‎ Who were the socalled guests invited(= that had been invited)?被邀请的所谓的客人是谁?‎ A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.今天寄的信或许后天他能收到。‎ ‎【提示】 ①及物动词的过去分词作定语时,表示一个被动且完成的动作;不及物动词的过去分词作定语时,只表示一个完成的动作。‎ ‎②分词短语作定语只能作后置定语。‎ a question discussed yesterday=a question which was discussed yesterday(discuss为及物动词,表示动作的被动和完成)一个昨天讨论过的问题 the fallen leaves on the ground=the leaves which have fallen on the ground(fall为不及物动词,表示动作已完成)落在地面上的树叶 ‎3.过去分词作宾语补足语 动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时表明宾语是该动词的作用对象,动词与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。可以带过去分词作宾补的动词有感官动词see,hear,feel,notice,find,watch,observe,smell,look at,listen to等,使役动词have,get,make等,以及其他类动词,如keep,leave,like,want,wish等。‎ We found her greatly changed.‎ 我们发现她大大地改变了。‎ The teacher explained the problem several times but still couldn't make himself - 16 -‎ ‎ understood.‎ 这个问题老师解释了好几遍,学生们还是不明白。‎ ‎【提示】 have/get sth.done 结构的用法:‎ ‎①表示主语的意图,让别人为自己做某事,但别人是谁,往往不加说明。‎ I'll have/get my watch repaired.‎ 我将叫人把我的手表修理一下。‎ 注意:有时主语也可能参与完成或解决某事。‎ We'll have/get the house repaired.‎ 我们将要修一下房子。‎ ‎②have sth.done还可表示主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情。‎ He had his leg broken while playing football.‎ 他踢足球时摔断了腿。‎ 注意:have sth.done 不总是使役结构。‎ I have no money left.我没有剩余的钱了。(句中的have是“有”的意思,left是定语)‎ 在have和get两个动词后,用过去分词作宾补,表示特殊的含义。‎ I'm going to have/get all the letters mailed.我要去邮寄所有这些信件。(自己寄或找人寄)‎ I had my bike broken on half way home.‎ 在回家的半路上,我的自行车坏了。‎ ‎(遭受某种不愉快或不幸,此时只能用have不能用get)‎ ‎4.过去分词作状语 ‎1)过去分词作状语。该分词短语相当于一个状语从句;当我们把该分词短语转变为一个状语从句时,该从句应该具备两个特征:‎ ‎(1)从句中的主语和主句中的主语必须一致。‎ ‎(2)从句谓语动词为被动语态形式。‎ Given another hour,I could also work out this problem.‎ ‎(=If I was given another hour,I could also work out this problem.)‎ 如果再给我一个小时,我也能解出这道题。‎ ‎2)过去分词可用来作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语:‎ Seriously injured,she had to be taken to the hospital.‎ ‎(表原因)由于伤势严重,只好把她送往医院。‎ United,we stand;divided,we fail.(表条件)‎ 团结则存,分裂则亡。‎ - 16 -‎ Although exhausted after a long journey,she contin ued to work.(表让步)‎ 虽然长途旅行后很疲惫,她仍旧继续工作。‎ The hunter walked slowly in the forest,followed by his dog.(表伴随)‎ 猎人在森林里慢慢地走着,后面跟着他的狗。‎ ‎【提示】 ①状语从句改成过去分词作状语时,有时还可保留从属连词,构成从属“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。‎ When given a medical examination,you should keep calm.‎ 当你接受体检时要保持镇定。‎ ‎②部分过去分词相当于形容词,作状语时不表示“被动关系”,而表示主语所处的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost in(陷入某种状态),seated(坐着的),hidden(躲着),stationed(驻扎),lost/absorbed(沉溺于),born in(出身于),dressed in (穿着),tired of(厌烦了)等。‎ Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didn't hear the sound.‎ 因为沉溺于思考中,所以他没有听到那个声音。‎ 作状语的过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语要和句子的主语相一致,否则,就要用独立主格结构或相应的状语从句表达。‎ ‎(3)过去分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,否则,分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语,这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词的独立结构。过去分词的独立结构通常在句中作状语,可表示时间、原因、条件等。如:‎ More time given,we could have done it much better.‎ 如果给我们更多时间,我们本能做得好得多的。‎ All considered,you can start the work.‎ 如果一切都已考虑周全的话,你可以开始这项工作了。‎ ‎ 当堂练习 Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1.(2012·山东高考)After completing and signing it,please return the form to us in the envelope________.‎ A.providing        B.provided C.having provided D.provide ‎【解析】 句意:在填完表格并署名以后,请把它放在被提供的信封里返还到我们这里。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。设空处的非谓语动词和envelope是被动关系,且作后置定语,选B。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎2.(2012·湖南高考)Time,________correctly,is money in the bank.‎ A.to use B.used - 16 -‎ C.using D.use ‎【解析】 句意:时间,如果被正确使用,就犹如银行中的存款。考查非谓语动词作状语。主语time与use为逻辑上的被动关系,四个选项中只有B项表示被动,故为答案。“used correctly”相当于条件状语从句if it is used correctly。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎3.(2012·湖南高考)The lecture,________at 7∶00 p.m. last night,was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.‎ A.starting B.being started C.to start D.to be started ‎【解析】 句意:讲座昨晚7点开始,接下来是用望远镜观测月球。考查非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词the lecture与start(不及物动词)为逻辑上的主动关系,现在分词短语starting at 7∶00 p.m. last night相当于一个非限制性定语从句which started at 7∶00 p.m. last night。to start表示将来的动作,与语境不符。如果将start用作及物动词,那么start与the lecture为被动关系,但是本句中表示完成,需用过去分词,而四选项中并没有过去分词形式。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎4.We finished the run in less than half the time________.‎ A.allowing B.to allow C.allowed D.allows ‎【解析】 本题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法。过去分词allowed作后置这语表示被动,相当于which was allowed。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎5.Lucy has a great sense of humor and alway keeps her colleagues________with her stories.‎ A.amused B.amusing C.to amuse D.to be amused ‎【解析】 句意:露西很有幽默感,她总是用她的故事使同事笑起来。考查过去分词作宾语补足语。本题考查结构“keep+宾语+宾补”,根据句意可知宾语与它后面的动词构成被动关系,故选过去分词作宾语补足语。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎6.________the best in a recent science competition,the three students were awarded scholarships________21,000 dollars.‎ A.Judge;totaling B.To be judged;totaled C.Having judged;to total D.Judging;would total - 16 -‎ ‎【解析】 句意:这三个学生在最近的一项科学竞赛中被评为最佳学生,并被授予总计达21,000美元的奖学金。judge的逻辑主语是the three students,而这三个学生是被评为最佳学生,所以应该使用过去分词作状语表示原因。第二个空考查的是现在分词作后置定语,total意为“总计达”。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎7.Most of the people________to the party were famous scientists.‎ A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting ‎【解析】 句意:绝大部分被邀请参加聚会的人是著名的科学家。people和invite之间是被动关系,故排除B、D两项;C项表示“正在被邀请”,不符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎ ‎ - 16 -‎

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