初中英语专题教案---宾语从句（二）
一、专题详解
分类: 宾语从句分为三类: 动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.
动词的宾语从句 大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
He told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有: hate, take , owe, have, see to.
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
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介词的宾语从句 用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except, but, besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
形容词的宾语从句 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
Ø 考点2： 语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：
1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：
Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？
The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？
2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。
3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：
He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？
4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：
Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？
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She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
辨析：
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)
Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √ )
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)
当宾语从句的引导词是who, which, what, when, where, how, why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手
易错点： 主系表结构 （主系表结构中特殊疑问词本身就是主语）
如： 1. I want to know what’s the matter with you.
2. Can you tell me what’s wrong with you?
类似的还有： What’s up? 等
Ø 考点3： 时态：
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定.
Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.
Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?
I don’t think (that) you are right.
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。
Eg: He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992. ( √)
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. ( √)
I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)
I thought (that) you would be free today. ( √)
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
I only knew he was studying in a western country, but I didn’t know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读.
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
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The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。
eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
时态小结： 主现， 从不变； 主过，从限过； 真理规律永一现
Ø 简化宾语从句常见用法
同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：
方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.
注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？
方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：
He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.
The poor boy doesn't know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn't know the time and the place of his birth.
方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：
It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.
除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：
I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.
Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground
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covered with thick snow.
They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy
二、课堂检测
（一）单项选择
1.考查时态一致性
( ) 1. The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
( ) 2 .Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been
( ) 3. The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.
A. had B. has C. will have D. are
( ) 4. She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
( ) 5. Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had traveled
Keys: A D C B C
2.考查陈述句语序
( ) 1. They don't know ______their parents are.
A. that B. what C. why D. which
( ) 2. Please tell me ______ last year.
A. where does your sister work B. where did your sister work
C. where your sister works D. where your sister worked
( ) 3. She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
( ) 4. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
( ) 5. Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after
( ) 6. Could you tell me ___?
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing
Keys: B D B A A C
（二）.按要求改写句子
1. Sherry asked, “Are you going to visit the Science Museum tomorrow?”（改为宾语从句）
Sherry asked me ______ I ______ going to visit the Science Museum the next day.
2. When will the truth of the missing flight MH370 come out? Many people wondered.(改为宾语从句)
Many people wondered _________ the truth of the missing flight MH370 _________ come
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out.
3. Could you tell me how I can work out the problem as soon as possible?(简单句)
Could you tell me work out the problem as soon as possible?
4. Tom asked Kitty, "Are you preparing for your speech contest now?"（合成宾语从句）
Tom asked Kitty ________ was preparing for her speech contest then.
Keys: 1.if/ whether was 2.when would 3. How to 4.if/whether she
（三）短文填空
I used to be ashamed of my grandma. I know that’s a 1____ thing to say，but it was true until today，so I have to 2___ it.
The 3____ started when my friend Katy found Grandma’s false teeth floating in a glass on the bathroom sink. I was so used to seeing them that I 4____ took notice of them. But Katy shouted，laughing and 5___to talk to them. I had to get down on my knees and 6___ her to shut up so my grandma wouldn’t 7___ and get hurt.
After that happened，I 8____ there were a million things about Grandma that were embarrassing.
Once she took Jill and me out to Burger King.9____ ordering our hamburgers well done, she told the person behind the counter，“They’ll have two Whoppers(巨无霸) well to do.” Jill burst out laughing，but I almost 10____.
After a while，I started wishing I could 11___ Grandma in a closet. I even complained to my parents. Both my parents said I had to be careful not to make Grandma feel 12____ in our home.
Then last Wednesday，something happened that 13____ everything completely. My teacher told us to help find interesting old people and 14____ them about their 15____ for a big Oral History project. I was trying to think of someone when Angie pushed me gently.
“Volunteer your grandmother，” she whispered. “She’s 16___ and rich in experience.”
That was the last thing I ever thought Angie would say about my grandma.
This is how I ended up on 17____ today interviewing my own grandmother before the whole school assembly(集合)．All my friends and teachers were listening to her 18____ she was a great heroine. I was 19____ of my grandma and hoped she would 20____ know that I had been ashamed of her.
1. terrible 2. Admit 3. Trouble 4. Hardly 5. Pretending 6. Beg 7. Hear 8. Realized 9. Instead of
10. Died 11. Hide 12. Unwelcome 13. changed 14. interview 15.lives 16. Interesting 17. stage
18. as if 19. proud 20. once
三、课后作业
（一）中考真题链接
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
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A. which B. that C. when D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who B. whom C. that D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
（二）根据提示翻译句子
1、—David asked ________ in China.（他是否能够以亲吻的方式问候女士）
—Of course not. Chinese usually shake hands with a lady as a greeting.
2、—Could you tell me ______ yesterday?（你为什么迟到）
—Because it rained heavily.
3、—Excuse me, how long will it take me to get to the post office?
—Well, it depends on .（如何去那）
4、Could you please tell me _______ ?（他什么时候回来）
5、I didn’t know _____.（我们能做什么）
6、-- I seem to get lost. Could you tell me ___________?（去实验小学的路怎么走）
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-- Sure. You can take No. 5 bus to get there.
7、My daughter hopes ________ a toy bear for her.（我能买）
8、Nobody knows ______ in 100 years.（生活将会是什么样子）
9、----- Could you tell me _______? （他在会议上说了什么）
---- Sorry. I don’t know. I was not at the meeting.
10、—Excuse me, could you tell me ______ to the nearest bank?（我怎么去）
—Go straight. It’s across from park.
1.whether he could greet a lady by kissing her
2.why you arrived late
3.how you will get there
4.when he will come back
5.what we could do
6.which is the way to Experimental Primary School
7. I can buy
8. what life will be like
9. what did he say at the meeting
10. how I can get
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