非谓语动词
学员姓名： 年级：九年级 辅导科目：英 语 学科教师：
授课日期
授课时段
08：00-10:00
授课主题
非谓语动词
教学内容
课前回顾
1. 单词默写
2. 作业讲解
知识梳理
知识点1：非谓语动词
一、动词不定式（重点）
1、结构及特征：动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语，所以我们又称之为非谓语形式。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。
2、动词不定式的用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。
1） 作主语
例如：To learn English well is not easy. 或 It is not easy to learn English well.
【说明】动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：
It is + adj.+ 动词不定式
如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for+sb.
It is + adj.+ for sb. To do sth.
辨析：It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
A. for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult,
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interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
B. of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
【说明】for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如： You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。He is hard. (人是困难的，不通。 或者: To study two languages is hard for him。 因此应用for。)
2）作表语
My wish is to become a teacher.
补充：常见可用不定式做表语的名词（ambition、job、dream、wish、way、aim）
3）作宾语
Most of us like to watch football matches.
补充：当谓语动词为think、find、believe等动词时，常用it做形式宾语，不定式to do为该句的真正宾语。
常构成以下句型（sb think/find/believe+ it+adi+to do sth）
4）作宾语补足语
He told me to be here on time.
5）作定语
I have nothing to say about that thing.
6）作状语
He stopped to have a look.
补充：对作状语的不定式to do 提问，用疑问代词why
【说明】动词不定式的否定形式：not + to + 动词原形构成
例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake.
3、不定式的否定形式：
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Tell him not to shut the window…
典型例题
Tell him ___ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut
答案：B. tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.
4、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how,
why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例如：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine. (不定式作宾语)
(2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语)
(3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语)
5、省to 的动词不定式
1）使役动词 let, have, make：
2）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。
注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
A. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.
B. The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
3）would rather，had better + do
【难点】
6、不定式的特殊句型：
1）too…to…：太…而不能…
He is too excited to speak.
2）enough to do：足以做 …
The child is old enough to go to schooll.
3）so as (not) to do/in order(not) to: 表示目的
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Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
7、不定式的难点：
用作介词的“to”：look forward to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; be/get used to 习惯等等。
二、动词的-ing形式：
1．动词的-ing形式用作动名词：
动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。
1)动名词作主语
Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动
2）动名词作表语
My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
3） 动名词作宾语
Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。
She can’t help crying at a sad movie. 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。
【说明】 有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。例如：admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,等。
【记忆口诀】“Le pm KFC AD”：
look forward to、enjoy、practice、mind、keep、finish、cinsider、Admit 、deny
2．动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：
-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe
例如：1）There we found him watching TV. 我们发现他在那儿看电视。
2）I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。
3．比较：
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1）共同点：动词不定式结构和动词的-ing形式都被称之为非谓语结构，因此它们一般都可以放在句中除了谓语之外的其他位置。
2）区别
①动词不定式的基本含义是表示谓语动词后面的动作还未发生，此外，若谓语动词后面的动作发生过了也用不定式，而-ing分词的基本含义一般则表示动作正在发生或进行。
②动名词的基本用法是该结构用在及物动词或介词之后构成动宾短语或介宾短语。
3）接不定式或动名词，意义相同：
begin to do begin doing
start to do start doing
4）动名词与不定式语义不同 ：
A.stop to do stop doing
B. forget to do forget doing
C. remember to do remember doing
D. try to do try doing
E. go on to do go on doing
F. continue to do continue doing
随堂练习
1. The first textbooks _______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written
C. being written D. written
2. —You were brave enough to raise objection at the meeting.
—Well, now I regret _______ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
3. We agreed _______ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do
5. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.
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A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
6. _______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost
7. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
8. The Olympic Games, _______ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
9. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
10. European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
11. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
12. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _______ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
13. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study
C. to be studying D. to have been studying
14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______ the next year.
A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out
15. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering
C. To suffer D. Suffered
16. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
17. The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
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18. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
19. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
20. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden.
A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in
21. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _______.
A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to
22. —What do you think made Mary so upset?
—_______ her new bike.
A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing
23. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _______.
A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars
24. There are five pairs _______, but I’m at a loss which to choose.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from
C. to choose D. for choosing
25. _______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded
C. Founded D. Founding
26. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _______.
A. he’d like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too
C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure
27. Finding her car stolen, _______.
A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help
28. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving _______ their products more competitive.
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A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made
29. Though _______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
30. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _______ road conditions need _______.
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving D. when; improving
31. The discovery of new evidence led to _______.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
32. _______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
33. The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
34. Sandy could do nothing but _______ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit
35. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
36. _______ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having
37. With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. setting C. to settle D. being settled
38. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ for another hour.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
39. In order to make our city green, _______.
A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant
C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees
40. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key _______ the problem is to meet the demand _______ by the customers.
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A. to solving, making B. to solving, made
C. to solve, making D. to solve, made
41. The teacher asked us _______ so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
42. _______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
43. He looked around and caught a man _______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
答案详解:
1. D。表示“被动、完成”用过去分词作定语。
2. D。regret doing sth 表示对已经发生的事感到“后悔”；regret to say / tell / inform / announce 用以报告令人不快之事，表示对将要说的话感到“遗憾、抱歉”，主语通常是 I / we, regret 用一般现在时。
3. C。agree 只能接不定式，在谓语动之后发生，用一般式，选 C。
4. A。根据句型 tell sb (not) to do sth，排除 C 和 D；当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重复，通常省略 to 后的内容，只保留 to, 所以只有 A 对。
5. B。make sb do sth 的被动式为 sb be made to do sth(某人被迫做某事)。
6. C。考查过去分词作状语。Lost in thought=As he was lost in thought。be lost in thought(沉思)是固定搭配；这类习惯表达还有 be caught in the rain(遭雨淋), be dressed in red(穿着红衣), be seated(就座)等。
7. C。本句是 warn sb (not) to do sth 的被动式。
8. C。因 The Olympic games 与 play 是被动关系，排除 A 和 D；不定式的被动式，表示未来的动作，排除 B。表示“被动、完成”，用过去分词。
9. B。would love / like 后面只能接不定式，排除 C 和 D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望，后接不定式完成式，故选 B。
10. A。现在分词作结果状语。
11. D。 句中 read 意为“有某字样”，a message pinned to the door 意为“钉在门上的一张纸条”，a message 与 read 是主动关系，因此用现在分词。
12. B。考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。not to make it more difficult是与 to make it easier
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形成对比的否定结构，两者在句中作表语。
13. A。由 studied 可知，他曾到国外留过学，“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(is said)之前，所以要用完成式。
14. A。此句结构复杂,句中的 that 引导一个定语从句，它代表 the plan 并在从句中作 see 的宾语，the plan 与 carry out 是被动关系，因此，用过去分词作宾补。即卻ee the plan carried out the next year.
15. A。句意为“这条河已经遭受如此严重的污染，现在要想清理也许为时已晚了”。suffer 发生在 clean up 之前，且有 already 暗示，无疑要用现在分词的完成式作状语。
16. B。remain 作“尚需”解，要接不定式作表语，see 与 it(形式主语，指whether they will enjoy it)是动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式。
17. D。“连词+分词”作状语，依然由句子主语与分词的关系来确定，主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。the research 与 begin 是被动关系，用过去分词 begun。
18. C。do with 与 what 连用是一个很有用的结构，可以表示“处置”、“利用”等。
19. B。find 后可接现在分词或过去分词作补语，但不接不定式。he 与 smoke 是主动关系，用 -ing 形式作补语，故选 B。
20. D。look forward to 中 to 是介词，后接动词要用动名词。若选 B，应在其后加 to 才行。
21. C。不定式作定语，the person 是 send it 的对象，可理解为 to send it to the person。
22. C。用完整的句子应这样回答：Losing her new bike made Mary so upset.
23. D。因为 remain 是不及物动词，其过去分词无被动含义，所以要用 remaining(剩下的) 作定语，修饰 20 dollars。
24. B。句意是“有五双可供选择，我拿不定主意从中选择哪一双”，而不是选择五双。
25. C。Harvard(哈佛大学)与 found(建立)是被动关系，且早在1636年已建立，故用过去分词。
26. D。考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。因 and 连接两个并列的简单句，前一分句用-ing 形式作主语，后一分句也应用 -ing 形式作主语。
27. D。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子主语。Finding her car stolen 的逻辑主语显然是 she，故选 D。意为：她发现她的车被人偷了，她就赶紧报警求援。
28. A。不定式作目的状语。“使产品更具竞争性”是“正在努力的目的”。
29. C。“连词+分词”作状语。his parents 与 lack money(缺钱)是主动关系，又因为 lack 是及物动词，不用介词，故选C。
30. A。that 引导的从句与 problem 是同位语。need, want, require 等表示“(某物)需要做某事”
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时，后接动名词的主动式或接不定式的被动式都可以。
31. C。lead to(导致、使)中的 to 是介词，后接动名词；逻辑主语 the thief 与catch 是被动关系，故选 C。
32. A。given 作介词，意为“鉴于、考虑到”，可接名词或 that 从句。
33. B。hang 表示“悬挂”时，可用作及物或不及物动词，此处填 hanging 或 hung 均可，但不能填 being hung，因为它表示动作正在进行，而此处表示的是一种悬挂的状态。
34. A。介词后接动词一般要用动名词，但 but / except 等介词后却可以接不定式，前面有行为动词 do 时不带 to，无 do 时要带 to。
35. B。devote卼o?把…贡献给…；致力于…)中 to 是介词，应接-ing 形式；all 是 devote 的宾语，he had 是省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句，修饰 all。注意，千万不要以为 had to 是“不得不”，后接动词原形，而去选 A，那就中了命题人的圈套了。
36. A。不定式作目的状语。句意为：为了下午多睡一会，Bob 关掉了闹钟。
37. C。“新当选的总统日子不好过”是因为“有许多问题要解决”，表示“有…要…”用不定式作定语。
38. A。mean to do 打算做，mean doing 意味着。句意为：在英国的某些地方搭不上公共汽车意味着要再等一个小时。
39. D。“使城市绿化”是“我们(we)”的目的。
40. B。key to(…的关键)中 to 是介词，应接动名词；又因名词 demand 与 make 是被动关系(make demands 提出要求)，另有 by 这一标志词暗示，用过去分词作定语。
41. D。ask，tell, want 等后要接带 to 的不定式作宾补，其否定式是在不定式前加 not。即 ask sb (not) to do sth 叫某人(不要)做某事。
42. D。give 与其逻辑主语 he 是动宾关系，用过去分词，故选 D，Given time=If he is given time。
43. D。catch sb. doing sth. 意为碰巧撞见某人正在做某事。
归纳总结
1. 非谓语动词易错点
2. 非谓语动词难点
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课后作业
1. 整理 错题
2. 回家作业
1. Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed
3. The man insisted ________ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding
4. The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked
5. You were silly not ________ your car.
A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked
6. Don’t leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
7. When flint ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
8. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
9. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take
10. ________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
11. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known
12. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to ________ before the party.
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A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change
13. ________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to stay another two days off the farm.
A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted
14. I don’t know whether you happen ________ , but I’m going to study in the U. S. A. this September.
A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
15. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ the film stars had left.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
17. ________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.
A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared
18. ________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
19. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ________ it—you’ve got some big bills coming.
A. forget B. forgot
C. forgetting D. to forget
20. According to a recent U. S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ________ TV.
A. to watch B. to watching
C. watching D. watch
21. The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A. cause B. being caused
C. to be caused D. to have caused
22. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
23. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
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A. recorded B. recording
C. to be recorded D. having recorded
24. Having been attacked by terrorists, ________ .
A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists
25. Robert is said ________ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study
C. to be studying D. to have been studying
26. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year.
A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out
27. I’ve worked with child before, so I know what ________ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expect
28. ________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering
C. To suffer D. Suffered
29. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
30. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
31. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
32. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
33. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________ ?
A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought
34. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
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35. Victor apologized for ________ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able B. him not to be able
C. his not being able D. him to be not able
36. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.
A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared
C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing
答案：
1. D. 因为Hellen要使自己讲的话被别人听到，所以要用过去分词作宾补，即：make herself heard；又因为make herself heard是shout的目的，所以用不定式。
2. C. form表示“出现、产生”，是不及物动词，又因为pictures与form是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。
3. C. 因为insist后要么接that从句，要么接on sth. 或on doing sth. ，没有别的接法，所以选C。insist on doing坚持要做某事。
4. D. 因work abroad for twenty years发生在谓语动作(返回祖国)之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。
5. B. 因为现在分词作状语只能修饰谓语，而不定式作状语，既可修饰谓语又可修修饰形容词或副词，此处修饰形容词silly，要用不定式。又因为“没有锁车”发生在谓语之前，所以用完成式。
6. B. 因句中的the water与run是主动关系，故选B。leave sth doing sth 意为“使某物一直在做某事”。
7. B. 因为flint与introduce(引入)是被动关系，所以用过去分词。
8. A. looking out of the window 为伴随状语。
9. D. 因为在encourage, persuade, tell, ask, want, order, force等后要用不定式作宾补。encourage sb. to do sth. 意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
10. C. 因“等了半个小时”发生在realized之前，故用现在分词的完成式。
11. B. 因为the…company与know是被动关系，所以用过去分词短语作定语，known as 3M = which was known as 3M。
12. A. get changed 意为“换衣服”。比较：get paid(获得报酬)，get dressed(穿衣服)等。
13. B. 因为句子主语the girl与attract是被动关系，所以用过去分词短语作状语，表示原因。
14. D. 因为happen后接动词不定式是表示“碰巧做某事”；又hear发生在谓语don’t know
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之前，所以要用不定式的完成式。句意是：我不知道你是否已经听说过了，今年九月我要去美国学习。
15. B. 因为only是提醒我们要用不定式表示结果的一个重要标志词；不定式表示结果，不定式的动作发生在谓语之后；又因为the news reporters与tell是被动关系，所以要用不定式的被动式。
16. D. 因为have a hard time doing sth. 与have difficulty doing sth. 相当，意为“在做某事方面有困难”。
17. D. 因为the biggest ocean与compare是被动关系，所以要用过去分词。When compared with…=When the biggest ocean is compared with…=When we compare the biggest ocean with…
18. C. 首先，非谓语动词的否定式要将not, never等放在非谓语动词的前面，所以不能选D。其次，由于“没有完成”与“决定再呆两周”有先后关系，故用现在分词的完成式。
19. A. 因为口语中you had better常被说成you’d better，甚至说成better，本句就属这种情况，其后要接不带to的不定式，即：动词原形。
20. C. 此题考查spend...(in) doing sth 句型。
21. C. 因为be believed /thought /supposed /said /reported等后要接动词不定式，排除A和B；又因为the flu与cause是被动关系，所以要用不定式的被动式。The flu is believed to be caused by...=It is believed /People believe that the flu is caused by...
22. B. 一是因为“发出香味”与“吸引游客”是同时发生的，且smell 作为连系动词没有被动形式，所以答案选B。
23. A. 因为the disc(唱片)与record(录制)是被动关系，这又是已经发生了的事，所以要用过去分词短语作定语。
24. B. 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。根据句意，受到攻击的应是“高楼”，而不是其他，故选B。
25. A。此题考查不定式的完成时。“据说他曾到国外留过学”，由studied可知“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作is said之前，所以要用完成式。
26. A。此句考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句子结构较复杂,句中的that引导一个定语从句，它替代先行词the plan在从句中作see的宾语，the plan与carry out是被动关系，因此，用过去分词作宾补。即see the plan carried out the next year.
27. B。此题考查疑问词+不定式在句中作宾语。I know what to expect in my new job. 意为“我知道在新工作中期待什么”。
28. A。本句考查现在分词的完成时作状语。句意为“
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遭受如此严重的污染之后，现在净化这条河也许为时已晚了”。有already暗示可知suffer发生在clean up之前，因此要用现在分词的完成式作状语。
29. B。remain 作“尚待”解，要接不定式作表语，it是形式主语，指代whether they will enjoy it。see与it之间是动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式。it remains to be seen是习惯用语，意为“还要看情况发展”。
30. D。“连词+分词”作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主语。句子主语与分词的之间是主动关系时用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。the research与begin是被动关系，因此用过去分词begun。
31. C。此题的考查目标与NMET2000同。what to do with为常用搭配结构，意为“处置，利用”。句意为“据说澳大利亚有太多陆地，政府不知如何利用”。
32. B。find后面可以接由“宾语+ 现在分词/过去分词/ 不带to的不定式”构成的复合宾语结构。现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，不定式表示动作已经发生。根据句意“如果厨师被发现在厨房吸烟，立即就会被解雇”可知cook与smoke之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。find sb. doing sth意为“发现某人正在做某事”。
33. B。考查不定式作定语。不定式作后置定语，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。句意为“今下午我要去超级市场，你有东西要买吗？”
34. C。考查过去分词作表语。句意为“飞机登陆时，飞行员要求所有飞机上的乘客坐着不动”。remain是系动词，seated作表语，表示状态。
35. C。考查动名词的复合结构作宾语。动名词的复合结构的否定式由“名词所有格或物主代词+not+动名词”构成。句意为“Victor因没能通知我计划的改变向我道歉”。
36. D。由有句中的and可知第一空所填的动词与took是并列谓语，故用seized; 第二空是现在分词短语作伴随状语。句意为“突然，一个赶着黄色马车的高个男人，抓住那个姑娘并把她带走了，消失在森林里”。
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