第3讲 情态动词与虚拟语气 1．________ not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017•江苏，22)A．It were B．Were itC．It was D．Was it答案 B解析 句意为：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用were；在非真实条件句中，如果有should，had或were时，可以省略if，而把should，had或were提至主语前，形成部分倒装，故选B项。2．Samuel，the tallest boy in our class，________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.(2017•北京，21)A．must B．shouldC．can D．need答案 C解析 句意为：我们班最高的男孩塞缪尔能轻松地够到顶层架子上的书。此处表示能力，要用can。must必须；should应当，应该；need需要。3．If the new safety system _________ to use，the accident would never have happened.(2017•北京，34)A．had been put B．were putC．should be put D．would be put答案 A解析 句意为：要是新的安全系统被投入使用了的话，这起事故就不会发生了。此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，所以从句谓语用过去完成时，选A项。4．My room is a mess，but I ________ clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.(2017•天津，2)A．daren’t B．shouldn’tC．needn’t D．mustn’t答案 C解析 句意为：我的房间很乱，不过今晚在我出去之前，我没必要打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。daren’t不敢；shouldn’t不应该；mustn’t不准。5．—Do you have Betty’s phone number?—Yes.Otherwise，I ________ able to reach her yesterday.(2017•天津，15)A．hadn’t been B．wouldn’t have beenC．weren’t D．wouldn’t be答案 B解析 句意为：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。由空前的otherwise及句意可知应用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，谓语动词用would have done，故选B项。6．If it ________ for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now.(2016•江苏，27)A．had not been B．should not beC．were not to be D．should not have been答案 A解析 句意为：如果不是他前几天邀请我，我现在就不会在这里了。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处为虚拟语气，再结合时间状语the other day可知，这是对过去行为的虚拟，故if从句要用过去完成时。7．I love the weekend，because I _______ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.(2016•北京，31)A．needn’t B．mustn’tC．wouldn’t D．shouldn’t答案 A解析 句意为：我喜欢周末，因为每逢周六、周日我不需要早起。needn’t不需要；mustn’t禁止；wouldn’t不会；shouldn’t不应该。根据句意可知选A项。8．Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me，I could have helped.(2016•北京，34)A．told B．had toldC．were to tell D．would tell答案 B解析 句意为：你上周为什么不告诉我你的麻烦。如果你告诉了我，我就能够帮助你。根据last week可知，事情发生在过去；根据主句谓语动词could have done可知，是对过去情况的虚拟，因此从句应用过去完成时had done。故选B项。9．It was really annoying；I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.(2016•天津，5)A．wouldn’t B．couldn’tC．shouldn’t D．needn’t答案 B解析 句意为：真烦人，我无权使用你推荐的资料库。B项couldn’t意为“不能”，符合语境。wouldn’t不愿意；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t没必要。10．I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadn’t been wearing one，I ________.(2016•天津，15)A．were injured B．would be injuredC．had been injured D．would have been injured答案 D解析 句意为：我当时系着安全带。如果没系的话，我会受伤的。根据题干中的“If I hadn’t been wearing one”可知，此处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以主句的谓语用would have been injured。11．George ________ too far.His coffee is still warm.(2016•浙江，17)A．must have gone B．might have goneC．can’t have gone D．needn’t have gone答案 C解析 句意为：乔治不可能走远。他的咖啡还是温的。can’t have done表示对过去情况的否定推测，意为“不可能做了……”。12．Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS-related deaths ________ since their highest in 2005.(2016•浙江，15)A．had not fallen B．would not fallC．did not fall D．would not have fallen答案 D解析 句意为：如果政府和科学家们不一起合作的话，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会自2005年的最高值降下来。根据Had the governments and scientists not worked together可知事情发生在过去，因此是对过去情况的虚拟，主句用would have done形式。故选D项。13．—Can’t you stay a little longer?—It’s getting late.I really ________ go now.My daughter is home alone.(2015•北京，29)A．may B．canC．must D．dare答案 C解析 句意为：——你不能再多待一会儿吗？——天要黑了。我现在真的必须走了。我的女儿一个人在家里呢。may可以，可能；can 能够，可以；must必须；dare 敢，敢于。故选C。14．—Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again.—Oh，it’s too bad.You ________ have made full preparations.(2015•福建，27)A．must B．canC．would D．should答案 D解析 句意为：——很抱歉，妈妈，我的面试又失败了。——噢，真是太糟糕了，你本应该做好充分准备的。should have done本应该做但是没有做。15．You ________ feel all the training a waste of time，but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.(2015•陕西，21)A．should B．needC．shall D．may答案 D解析 句意为：你可能觉得所有的培训都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百确定，你以后会为你这么做了而心存感激的。should表示推测时指“按常理应该……”；need意为“需要”，常用于否定句或疑问句中；shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示允诺、警告、威胁等语气；may表示推测时指“可能，或许”。由句意可知，此处表示语气不强烈的推测，故用may。16．You ________ be careful with the camera.It costs！(2015•四川，2)A．must B．mayC．can D．will答案 A解析 句意为：你一定要非常小心地对待这个照相机，它很贵。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机一定很昂贵，所以“必须”小心对待，故选A。17．You ________ be Carol.You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.(2015•重庆，12)A．must B．canC．will D．shall答案 A解析 句意为：你一定是卡萝尔，这些年以来你一点都没变。依据第二句可知，此处应用must表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”。must只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。18．If I ________ it with my own eyes，I wouldn’t have believed it.(2015•北京，34)A．didn’t see B．weren’t seeingC．wouldn’t see D．hadn’t seen答案 D解析 句意为：如果不是亲眼看到，我就不会相信这件事。由主句中的谓语动词wouldn’t have believed 可知是对过去情况的虚拟，虚拟条件句的谓语动词应用过去完成时。19．Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________ as well as her.(2015•陕西，23)A．dance B．will danceC．had danced D．danced答案 D解析 句意为：埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊！I wish后接从句，从句用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去式(be用were)；叙述与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用could/would do；叙述与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用had done。由语境可知，此处叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况，故谓语动词用过去式，选D项。20．Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway ________ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(2015•重庆，7)A．didn’t write B．hadn’t written C．wouldn’t write D．wouldn’t have written答案 D解析 句意为：要是没有战争时的经历，海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了，武器》。该句使用了含有without的含蓄虚拟语气，由语境知，这里是对过去情况的假设，因此主句部分用would/could/should/might＋have done，故D项正确。 一、“情态动词＋have done”结构“情态动词＋have done”有两层意思：1．表示对过去情况的猜测或估计，有以下几种形式：must have done (准是……；一定……)；can/could have done(可能已经……)；may/might have done(可能/也许已经……)。—The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.—Oh，dear！She must have gone through a lot of difficulties!——这位女生物学家在非洲研究野生动物13年后才回来。——哦，天哪！她一定经历了许多困难！2．表示对过去发生之事的后悔、遗憾、责备等情绪，常见的有下列形式：should/ought to have done(本该做)；could have done(本来能够做)；might have done(本可以做)；needn’t have done(本没必要做)。—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.—You should have told her last week.——明天我要告诉玛丽关于她的新工作的情况。——你本该上周告诉她的。二、虚拟语气的一些特殊句式1．It’s (high) time that...did/should do...是……的时候了。2．If it were not for/had not been for...要不是……3．but for...要不是……4．If only...要是……就好了。5．would rather...did/had done...宁愿……It is high time that we were/should be off.到了我们离开的时候了。If it had not been for your timely help，I would have gone bankrupt.要不是你及时的帮助，我早就破产了。 1．What a boring planet we ____ if there were only one culture in the world！(2017•镇江期中，27)A．would be B．wereC．would have D．had答案 C解析 句意为：如果世界上只有一种文化，那我们所居住的星球将是多么的枯燥啊！根据句意可知从句与现在相反，主句也与现在相反，故主句用would/should/could/might＋动词原形，但A项不符合句意，故答案为C。2．Had the earthquake happened in the night，there ________ many more deaths，and if the prediction for the earthquake ________ more accurate，we would have been more prepared and many more lives would have been saved.(2017•盐城景山中学调研，29)A．would be；had beenB．will be；wasC．would have been；had beenD．would have；has been答案 C解析 句意为：如果地震发生在夜间，将会有更多的人死亡，如果对地震的预测更准确的话，我们会有更多的准备，更多的生命将会被拯救。考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/should/might/could＋have done。根据主从句之间的这种对应关系即可确定正确答案为C。3．It seemed that our nursery rhymes ________ some magic because all the nights I sang them for my daughter，she would listen to them with keen pleasure.(2017•盐城亭湖中学段考，29)A．must have had B．should have hadC．could have had D．need have had答案 A解析 句意为：似乎我们的儿歌有什么魔力因为每晚我为女儿唱的时候，她都会非常愉快的听。这里用情态动词must的完成式，表示对过去情况的肯定推测“过去一定是……”；should have done过去本来应该做而没有做；could have done本可以做却没有做；need have done本需要做却没有做。根据句意知选A。4．—Could we phone our English teacher now?—Not now.I’m afraid he ________ be driving.(2017•期中，25)A．shall B．mayC．will D．can答案 B解析 句意为：——我们现在可以打电话给英语老师吗？——现在不行。恐怕他在开车。may可能，表示一种可能性，符合语境。shall用于主语为第三人称的陈述句中，表示条约、规定、法令等中的义务，常译为“应，必须”；will表示意愿或规律性的“注定会”；can能够，也可用于否定句或疑问句中表推测。5．But for the fact that he ________ the truth，he ________ for a week’s imprisonment.(2017•期中，32)A．didn’t know；would be punishedB．hadn’t known；might have punishedC．didn’t know；would have been punishedD．hadn’t known；could be punished答案 C解析 句意为：要不是因为他不知道真相，他会受到一周监禁的惩罚。他不知道真相是过去的事实，应用陈述语气didn’t know；that he didn’t know the truth为fact的同位语。根据but for...可知，整句是对过去的虚拟，第二空应用would/could/might/should＋have done的形式。根据句意，他应该受到惩罚，应用被动语态。故选C项。6．—Nowadays people seem to become more and more selfish.—How much better life would be if we ________ to the values of the past！(2017•苏锡常镇四市一模，33)A．were to return B．had returnedC．return D．will return答案 A解析 句意为：——如今，人似乎变得越来越自私。——如果我们能够重新回过去的价值观，生活该多好啊！本题考查虚拟语气。根据主句的关键词would可知，应用虚拟语气；再根据句意可知，此处表示对将来情况的假设，其表达形式有三种：were to do sth./should do sth./did sth.，B项表示对过去情况的假设，故选A项。7．________ the local authorities paid more attention to the safety of seafood，more lives ________ in the poisoning incident.(2017•溧水高级中学二模，27)A．Should；would not be claimedB．Had；would not have been claimedC．Should；would not be costD．Had；would not have been cost答案 B解析 句意为：如果当地政府把更多的注意力放在海鲜的安全上，这次中毒事件中就不会夺去更多人的生命。这是和过去相反的虚拟语气，if条件句应该用过去完成时，也可以省略if把had提前，主句用would have done，答案在B、D之间选择，claim表示“夺去”，claim one’s life夺取某人的生命，cost是“使……丧失”，用cost sb.one’s life，所以选B。8．Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained ________ into account before starting a new project.(2017•南通如皋联考，13)A．be taken B．should takeC．would be taken D．have to be taken答案 A解析 句意为：重点放在开始新项目之前要考虑所有要达到的目标的必要性。分析句子结构可知，that引导同位语从句，说明necessity的内容，necessity必要性，为necessary的名词形式，其后所接名词性从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”结构，should可省略；在从句中，主语为all the objectives，to be attained为其后置定语，主语和take之间存在被动关系，应用被动形式(should) be taken。故选A项。9．—It’s a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson.—I ________ it，but I was busy preparing the coming exam.(2017•南京九中学情调研，25)A．attended B．had attendedC．would have attended D．would attend答案 C解析 句意为：——你错过了Thompson做的关于英国文化的讲座真是太遗憾了。——我本打算参加的，但我忙于准备即将到来的考试(而没有去)。本打算要去而没去，符合这一意思的为C。10．Life is full of ups and downs，and without the downs，the ups ________ mean nothing.(2017•南京学情调研，26)A．would B．mustC．should D．shall答案 A解析 句意为：生活充满了起起伏伏，如果没有低谷，那站在高处也失去了意义。分析句子成分可知，本题为without的含蓄虚拟语气。根据Life is full of ups and downs可知本题为对现在情况的虚拟。结合句意可知would符合题意。11．After making the speech，he went through it in his mind to reflect where he ________ better.(2017•南京三模，24)A．could do B．would doC．could have done D．would have done答案 C解析 句意为：在演讲之后，他在头脑中把演讲回顾了一遍，反思哪里本能够做得更好。根据语境可知，演讲已经结束，现在在反思已经发生的事，应用could have done表示过去本来能够做某事，故选C项。12．—Sherry rang to say she was too busy to come.—Well，she ________ say that.She is always making excuses.(2017•苏锡常镇四市一模，23)A．mustn’t B．wouldC．needn’t D．should答案 B解析 句意为：——Sherry打电话过来说她很忙不能来了。——嗯，她是会说这种话的。她总是编造借口。would表示某人过去的习惯，根据上句中的rang可以看出来是在讲发生在过去的事情。mustn’t表示禁止；needn’t不需要，不必；should应该，居然。根据题意选B项。13．He was greatly shocked at Donald Trump’s taking office.Never did he expect that the voters ________ be so unreasonable.(2017•南京、盐城二模，32)A．should B．couldC．would D．might答案 A解析 句意为：——他对唐纳德•特朗普的上任感到很震惊。他从来没有想到投票人居然会如此不理智。should应该，居然；could可能，能够；would(过去)往往会；might可能。根据关键信息shocked和Never did he expect可知，应用should，表示意外或者在说话人看来是不可思议的情况。故选A项。14．I’m sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline.With better equipment，I ________ the task on schedule.(2017•南通一模，27)A．would accomplishB．might have accomplishedC．must have accomplishedD．could accomplish 答案 B解析 句意为：很遗憾，我没有赶上截止日期。要是设备更好些，我可能会按时完成任务的。根据语境可知，我已经错过了最后期限，所以能按时完成是与过去事实相反的假设，应用would/could/should/might＋have done结构，故选B项。15．If 53,667 people ________ differently，Hillary Clinton would have keys to the White House.(2017•南京、盐城一模，31)A．voted B．had votedC．should vote D．should have voted答案 B解析 句意为：如果53 667人投了跟过去不一样的票，那么希拉里•克林顿现在就拥有了白宫的钥匙。分析句子成分可知，本句为if引导的非真实条件句。根据句意可知，从句部分为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故had voted符合句意。16．Robert’s new book about space exploration is fantastic.You simply ________ read it.(2016•南通、扬州、泰州调研，33)A．must B．canC．need D．may答案 A解析 句意为：罗伯特关于太空探险的新书很奇妙，你必须读一下。 must必须；can能够；need需要；may可能，故A正确。17．Much as I would love ________ to the party yesterday，I didn’t because I had to prepare for the interview.(2016•南通、扬州、泰州调研，28)A．to go B．goingC．to have gone D．having gone答案 C解析 句意为：尽管我很愿意去参加昨天的晚会，实际上我没有去，因为我不得不准备面试。本句考查的是不定式的完成时表示虚拟语气的用法，would love to have done本来想要做某事，实际上未做。18．The desk that ________ clean so I could do homework was always surrounded with bowls of bad milk，old magazines and so on.(2016•南京、盐城二模，32)A．may have been B．would have beenC．must have been D．should have been答案 D解析 句意为：那张本应该很干净让我来做作业的书桌总是被变质的牛奶、旧杂志和其他的东西包围着。might/may/must have done表示对过去肯定的推测；should have done的意思是“本应该……(但实际上没有)”根据句意可知，选D。19．We shall hardly please everyone，nor is it necessary that we ________.(2016•苏锡常镇四市一模，24)A．need B．shouldC．can D．may答案 B解析 句意为：我们很难取悦每个人，我们也没必要去取悦每一个人。It is necessary that句式中，that从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用should do，should也可省略。此题should后省略了please everyone。20．—They are said to have been familiar with each other.—But they ________.They were introduced only hours ago.A．may not have been B．couldn’t have beenC．mustn’t have been D．needn’t have been答案 B解析 句意为：——据说他们互相之间已经非常熟悉了。——但是不可能啊。他们几小时前才被介绍认识的。根据句意，他们几小时前才被介绍认识，不可能已经这么熟，这是对过去情况的否定推测，应用couldn’t have done表示“过去不可能做了某事”，故选B项。
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