2019届高考英语总复习--形容词和副词(共2套含答案)
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第三讲 形容词和副词 ‎        句子成分切莫忘 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用 ‎1.(2017·浙江卷6月)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ____________ (shine) object.‎ shiny/shining 解析:根据空格后的object可知,此处应用形容词作定语,故填shiny或shining。‎ ‎2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ____________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.‎ fairly 解析:修饰形容词unpleasant应用副词。‎ ‎3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.__________________ __‎ steady→steadily 解析:grow是谓语动词,故用副词修饰。‎ ‎4.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.____________________‎ seriously→serious 解析:problem为名词,前面应用形容词修饰。‎ ‎5.(2017·湖北武汉高三调考)There are plenty of jobs availably in the western part of the country.____________________‎ availably→available 解析:修饰名词jobs应用形容词,availably是副词。‎ 通关点击 _________________________________________________________原则这样解读 ‎(1)看到提示词作定语、表语或补足语,要想到用形容词;‎ ‎(2)看到提示词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中作状语,要想到用副词;‎ ‎(3)形容词作状语时,表示状态或结果。‎ ‎(2017·山东高三下学期综合测试)Ron had a successful career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life. 在退休过轻松日子之前,罗恩在福特公司工作,他的事业很成功。‎ Luckily, her stepmother was kind to her.‎ 幸运的是,她的继母对她很好。‎ After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.‎ 经过长时间旅行后,他们三个回到了家,又饿又累。‎ ‎        牢记几组易混形容词、副词 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用 ‎1.(2017·沈阳监测)Passing through several streets, we saw no one but only rubbish here and there. An hour later, I still couldn’t bear to keep my eyes ____________ (wide) open.‎ wide 解析:考查副词。空处修饰形容词open,故用副词形式;wide本身就有副词词性,意为“完全地”。注意:此处不能填widely, widely主要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等。‎ ‎2.(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)“God,help me!” I begged anxiously. “Is there someone who will be kind enough to stop and help me out?” ____________, there was no sign of anyone.‎ However 解析:考查副词。空处前句表达作者想得到别人帮助的愿望,空后句意为“看不到任何人”,前后为转折关系且有逗号隔开,故用副词However。‎ ‎3.(2017·沈阳监测)I received an ____________ (amaze) look because he thought I was crazy. A Chinese workmate joined me.‎ amazed 解析:考查形容词。空处修饰名词“look”,形容人的表情,故用amazed。‎ ‎4.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet.____________________‎ Beside→Besides 解析:beside是介词,此处需要副词,故用besides,表示“除……之外(还)”。‎ ‎5.(全国卷Ⅰ)Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden.____________________‎ before→ago 解析:before和一段时间连用常表示过去某时间之前;ago和一段时间连用则表示在多长时间之前。根据句意可知,指大约在五年前,故用ago。‎ ‎6.(2016·浙江卷)When I was a very young child, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.____________________‎ late→later 解析:句意:当我还是个小孩子时,我爸爸创造一个定期的活动,这个活动我很多年之后依然记忆清晰。本句中混用了late与later,前者为形容词“迟到,迟做”或副词“迟,晚”,后者为副词“后来”。“一段时间+later”表示这段时间之后。‎ ‎7.(2017·湖北武昌区高三调考)In my opinion, success lies in a series of goals. However, we should remember to make our targets clear and spare no effort to realize our dreams._____ _______________‎ However→Therefore 解析:上下文是因果关系,应用表示因果关系的副词。且句中有逗号与后面的句子分开,所以应用therefore。‎ ‎8.(2017·合肥第一次质量检测)I had a great English teacher, Maggie. She let me know ‎ the importance of English. So I decided to learn English hardly.____________________‎ hardly→hard 解析:考查副词。句意:因此我决定努力学习英语。hard意为“努力地”,hardly意为“几乎不”。根据句意可知,应用hard。‎ 通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读 ‎1.before, ago ‎(1)ago:常用于一般过去时,它所指的时间从现在算起。‎ ‎(2)before:常用于过去完成时,它所指的时间从过去某一时刻算起。‎ ‎2.late, later ‎(1)late adj.迟到的;adv.迟,晚 ‎(2)later (也是late的比较级) adj.后来的,以后的 adv.后来,以后 ‎3.however, therefore ‎(1)however:副词,表示转折。‎ ‎(2)therefore:副词,表示因果关系。‎ ‎4.常见的易用错的形容词和副词 ‎(1)以ly结尾的形容词。如:friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly等。‎ ‎(2)意义有别的同根副词。如:‎ close靠近(通常指距离)     closely密切地,仔细地 hard努力地,费力地 hardly几乎不 most最,(程度上)最大,非常 mostly一般地,主要地 ‎(3)表示宽、高、深的副词都有两种形式,以-ly结尾的表示抽象意义,与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如:‎ wide宽地,widely广泛地,如:be widely known被广泛了解 high高地,highly高度地,如:think highly of评价高 deep深地,deeply深深地,如:be deeply moved被深深感动 ‎5.-ed型形容词和-ing型形容词 解决此类问题有两个切入点:第一,看语境表示的是“令人……”(-ing),还是“感到……”(-ed);第二,看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing)还是感受(-ed)。‎ ‎        构词知识记端详 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用 ‎1.(2017·浙江宁波十校联考)So his mother, who was ____________(will) to pay for his education, brought him home to look after the sheep.‎ unwilling 解析:根据后面的“brought him home to look after the sheep”可知,此处表示“不愿意的”,故填unwilling。‎ ‎2.(2017·湖北武汉高三调考)Floating on a pool of water at the base and looking up at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most ____________(relax) experiences of my life.‎ relaxing 解析:名词前应用形容词作定语,此处修饰experiences,故用relaxing“令人放松的”。‎ ‎3.(2017·湖北华大联盟高三质检)It is probably one of the earliest and longest ____________(last) sports which uses both muscles and brain.‎ lasting 解析:用在名词前应为定语,故用lasting“持续的”。‎ ‎4.(2017·安徽师大附中测试)What a wonderful example these two elderly sisters were to me! I will always be ____________(thank) that I had the opportunity to know them.‎ thankful 解析:考查形容词。be动词后一般跟形容词作表语,故此处用形容词形式。‎ ‎5.(2017·郑州第二次质量预测)This is also where friends and family gather to keep warm and talk at night. Sitting by the fire made me feel ____________(peace), and it was like I was experiencing the traditional Chinese way of life.‎ peaceful 解析:考查形容词。该句中的“feel”为连系动词,后接形容词,此处表示“坐在炉火旁使我感到平静”。‎ ‎6.(2017·新疆第二次适应性检测)There are many kinds of reference books available in the book market. A smart use of these books is certainly ____________(benefit), but the misuse and overuse of them may cause a lot of problems.‎ beneficial 解析:考查形容词。此处应用形容词作系动词is的表语。‎ 通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读 ‎1.形容词变副词的后缀 后缀 示例 直接加ly slow adj.慢的→slowly adv.缓慢地 改y为ily happy adj.高兴的→happily adv.高兴地 去e加ly true adj.真的→truly adv.真地 ‎2.动词、名词变形容词的后缀 常见的动词、名词变形容词的后缀有:able, al, ful, ed, ing, ible, ive, ous, some, y, ern, ish等。‎ 后缀 示例 ‎able accept vt.接受→acceptable adj.可接受的 ‎ed confuse vt.使困惑→confused adj.感到困惑的 ‎ing convince vt.说服,使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的 ‎ful forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的 ‎al nature n.自然→natural adj.自然的 ‎ible access n.进入,使用权,通路→accessible adj.容易取得的 ‎ous caution n.谨慎→cautious adj.谨慎的 ‎3.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀 常见的表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀有:dis, il, im, in, ir, mis, un, less等。‎ 前/后缀 示例 il‎ legal adj.合法的→illegal adj.不合法的 in‎ convenient adj.方便的→inconvenient adj.不方便的 ir‎ regular adj.有规律的→irregular adj.没规律的 un‎ willing adj.乐意的→unwilling adj.不乐意的 ‎less useful adj.有用的→useless adj.无用的 ‎ 考查比较等级 ‎        比较等级细思量 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用 ‎1.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of ____________(great) and less importance.‎ greater 解析:句意:如果你因工作上的责任感到压抑,你应该后退一步,并且识别一下这些工作中哪些更重要,哪些不那么重要。根据句意以及little的比较级less的提示可知空格处应用形容词great的比较级greater。‎ ‎2.(2017·沈阳监测)We felt safe for the next half hour so we decided to go even ____________(far).‎ farther/further 解析:考查比较级。根据该句中的“even”可以判断,此处表示“我们决定走得更远一点”,故用far的比较级。‎ ‎3.(2017·东北三省四市二模)Uber said its flying vehicles would be much ____________(quiet), cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters.‎ quieter 解析:考查形容词比较级。根据下文的than可知,此处用比较级。‎ ‎4.(2017·广东七校联合体第二次联考)I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was ____________(convenient) than others.‎ more convenient 解析:考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“than”可知,‎ 空处用形容词的比较级。‎ ‎5.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.____________________‎ earlier→early 解析:此处没有比较的含义,仅表示主语习惯性的行为,应用early。‎ ‎6.(2015·陕西卷)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.____________________‎ better→best 解析:根据句子后面的限定范围in the world可知,此处应用最高级。‎ 通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读 ‎1.“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“越……越……”。‎ It is believed that the harder you work, the better result you will get.‎ 人们相信,工作越努力,得到的结果将越好。‎ ‎2.“the+比较级+of the two+名词”表示“两个中较……的”。‎ Which is the better of the two universities, Shanghai Jiaotong University or Fudan University?‎ 上海交大与复旦大学,实力较强的是哪一个?‎ ‎3.“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+比较范围”表示“……中最……的……之一”。‎ New York is one of the biggest cities in America.‎ 纽约是美国最大的城市之一。‎ ‎4.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义。‎ Mr. Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn’t ask for a better boss.‎ 为斯蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好,我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。‎ ‎5.可以用来修饰比较级的单词和短语有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal及数量词、表示倍数的词等,常放在比较级的前面。‎ The hotel is rather more expensive than that one.‎ 这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多。‎ ‎,[学生用书P21]    )‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1.(2017·福建六校联考)Staying ____________(health) while traveling can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.‎ healthy 解析:句意:在旅行的过程中保持健康有助于确保你的旅途开心、愉快。stay为系动词,意为“保持”,其后常接形容词作表语。故填healthy。‎ ‎2.(2017·河南信阳高中第四次大考)At first, many people disliked this style of ‎ painting and became very ____________(anger) about it.‎ angry 解析:句意:起初,许多人不喜欢这种绘画风格,并对此感到很生气。系动词became后面应用形容词作表语,故填angry。be angry about sth.意为“对某事感到生气”,为固定短语。‎ ‎3.(2017·郑州第二次质量预测)On New Year’s Day, we visited every neighbor in the village and were greeted ____________(warm) at each house.‎ warmly 解析:考查副词。根据空前的were greeted可知,空处修饰动词,故用副词形式。‎ ‎4.(2017·太原二模)Life is about giving and taking, and it’s ____________(general) true that if you give, you will receive.‎ generally 解析:考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词,故填generally。‎ ‎5.(2017·广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others, the ____________(fast) you will move toward your goal.‎ faster 解析:句意:你赢得别人的支持越多,就会越快地接近你的目标。此处为“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构,意为“越……越……”。因此,设空处应用比较级。故填faster。‎ ‎6.(2017·湖北八校第一次联考)Whatever happens in China, the third ____________(large) country in the world with 20 percent of the world’s population, will certainly shape the immediate and distant futures of us all.‎ largest 解析:考查形容词最高级。由空前的the third可知,此处表示最高级的含义,故用形容词最高级修饰名词country。‎ ‎7.(2017·安徽滁州中学模拟)____________(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.‎ Obviously 解析:句意:很明显,一个好习惯能够帮助我们加速抵达目的地。设空处修饰逗号后面的句子,作状语,应用副词。故填Obviously。‎ ‎8.(2017·湖北华大联盟高三质检)The boy looked at his father ____________(hope) because he thought his father had brought him a present.‎ hopefully 解析:修饰动词短语looked at应用副词形式。‎ ‎9.(2017·山东临沂一模)It is one of the most ____________(amaze) TV shows from an artistic point of view.‎ amazing 解析:句意:从艺术的角度,那是最惊人的电视节目之一。设空处后为名词,由此可推出设空处应为形容词作定语。amazing惊人的。‎ ‎10.(2017·昆明质量检测)If we can focus on encouraging kids to drink more water—a low-cost, sugar-free drink—we can improve their drinking habits, which may allow many kids to feel ____________(great) throughout the day and do better in school.‎ greater 解析:考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“and do better in school”可知,空处与此处对应,应用形容词的比较级。‎ 单句改错 ‎1.(2017·广东七校联考)As I watched the flag rising slowly. I sang the national anthem, feeling extremely exciting.____________________‎ exciting→excited 解析:考查形容词。该句主语为I,修饰人,应用形容词excited,表示“激动的,兴奋的”。‎ ‎2.(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)He was a Enropean billionaire who got everything he wanted. Therefore, in the last twenty years of his life, his health began to get worse and he led a miserable life.____________________‎ Therefore→However 解析:考查副词。上文说他是一位欧洲亿万富翁,得到了他想要的一切,该句说在他生命里的最后二十年,他的健康状况变得越来越糟。上下文为转折关系,故用However。‎ ‎3.(2017·云南八校区调研)I don’t think that it is a truly eco-travel. An eco-travel not only allows us to express our love for nature, but needs our responsibility as well.____________________‎ truly→true 解析:考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词eco-travel。‎ ‎4.(2017·长沙一模)The American TV show The Voice is one of my most favorite amusement shows.____________________‎ 删除most 解析:考查最高级。句意:美国电视节目《美国之声》是我最喜欢的娱乐节目之一。favorite意为“最喜欢的”,无最高级形式。‎ ‎5.(2017·南昌十校二模)It is clear shown that many middle school students have physical and mental problems.____________________‎ clear→clearly 解析:词性错误。此处修饰过去分词shown,要用副词。clearly“清晰地”。‎ ‎6.(2017·皖北协作区联考)We telephoned the doctors and an old man was sent to the hospital in no time. We felt happily to help him.____________________‎ happily→happy 解析:feel是系动词,后面要用形容词作表语。故将happily改为happy。‎ 语法填空 ‎(2017·山西临汾适应性训练)Once upon a time, there was a flock of doves that flew in search of food 1.____________(lead) by their king. One day, they had flown a long distance and were very tired. The dove king 2.____________(courage) them to fly a little further. The 3.____________(small) of them picked up speed and found some rice beneath an apple tree. So all the doves headed and began to eat. Suddenly a net fell ‎ over 4.____________(they) and they were all trapped. They saw 5.________ ____ hunter approaching carrying a huge stick. The doves desperately fluttered their wings trying to get out, but 6.____________ vain. The king advised all the doves to fly up together carrying the net with them.‎ Each dove picked up a part of the net and together they flew off carrying the net with them. The hunter looked up in 7.____________(astonish). He tried to follow them, but they were flying high over hills and valleys. They flew to a hill, 8.____________ there lived a mouse. The dove king called out the mouse and explained what 9.____________(happen). Then the mouse set the doves 10.____________(freely) by cutting the net and they flew away together.‎ Unity is strength.‎ ‎[解题导语] 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述了一个小故事告诉读者:团结就是力量。‎ ‎1.led 解析:本题考查非谓语动词作状语。主语a flock of doves与lead为逻辑上的被动关系,故填过去分词led。‎ ‎2.encouraged 解析:句意:鸽王鼓励它们再飞得远一点。设空处在句中作谓语,故用动词encourage;本句讲的是过去的事情,故用一般过去时。‎ ‎3.smallest 解析:根据第一句中的a flock of doves可知这群鸽子不可能是两只,至少是三只或三只以上。再根据设空处前的定冠词The可知设空处需用形容词最高级形式,故填smallest。‎ ‎4.them 解析:设空处作宾语,故用宾格形式them。‎ ‎5.a 解析:设空处后的名词hunter在本句中表示泛指,故填a。‎ ‎6.in 解析:in vain为固定短语,意为:徒劳,无效。‎ ‎7.astonishment 解析:in astonishment为固定短语,意为:惊讶地。‎ ‎8.where 解析:考查定语从句。先行词为hill,先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。‎ ‎9.had happened 解析:happen先于explained发生,表示“过去的过去”,故设空处用过去完成时。‎ ‎10.free 解析:set...free为固定短语,意为:释放,解放。‎

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