中考英语专题讲练不定代词（含解析）.doc

不定代词 不定代词 知识精讲 一、不定代词的定义：‎ 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。不定代词可以分为一般不定代词和复合不定代词。‎ 二、一般不定代词及用法 ‎1. some/any 含义：“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。‎ 区别：‎ ‎1). some用于陈肯句；any用于疑问句或否定句。例：‎ I can see some flowers, but I can`t see any apples.‎ ‎2). some 用在疑问句中有表示请求或建议的功能；any用在肯定句中有强调或加强语气的功能，意为“任何”。‎ Would you like some coffee?‎ You may come at any time.‎ ‎2. many/much 13‎ ‎“许多”‎ 区别 例句 many ‎+可数名词 How many people are there at the meeting?‎ much ‎+不可数名词 How much time has we left?‎ 注意：“many”和“much”前可有so, too等词进行修饰。如：‎ There are too many mistakes in your diary.‎ So many people are waiting for the bus.‎ Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t go with you. I’ve got too much work to do.‎ ‎3. few/a few/little/a little 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 含义 few little 否定含义，几乎没有 a few a little 肯定含义，还有一点 例：‎ He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。‎ He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。‎ We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。‎ There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。‎ ‎4. both, either, neither, all, every, none 使用范围 单词 中文释义 例句 ‎ 两个人或物 both 两者都 Both of the boys are clever. ‎ 两个男孩都很聪明。‎ either 两者中任何一个 Either of the two boys is clever. ‎ 两个男孩都很聪明。‎ 13‎ neither 两者都不 Neither of the two boys is clever.‎ 两个男孩都不聪明。‎ ‎ 三者及以上 all 所有的，全部 All the flowers are gone.‎ 所有的花都谢了。‎ every 每一 Every student is here. ‎ 每一个学生都在这了。‎ none 都不 I like none of the flowers.‎ 这些花我都不喜欢。‎ ‎5. “other” 、“another”、“others”和“the others”‎ 易混淆词 范围 含义 other 泛指 其他的 the other ‎(one…,the other…)‎ ‎= 2‎ 另一个 another ‎≥ 3‎ 另一个 others = other+名词复数 剩余非全部 其他的 the others 剩余全部 其他的 例：‎ I have two pencils. One is yellow, the other is red.‎ I don’t like this green pencil, please give me another one.‎ In our class, some students like playing football, others like playing basketball.‎ There are seven people in Running‎ ‎Man.‎ One is a woman, and the others are men.‎ 13‎ 三、复合不定代词及用法 ‎1. 复合不定代词的构成：复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing所组成的不定代词。‎ 构成部分 body ‎（人）‎ one ‎（人）‎ thing ‎（事或物）‎ some somebody 某人 someone 某人 something 某事（物）‎ any anybody 任何人 anyone 任何人 anything 任何事（物）‎ no nobody 没有人 no one 没有人 nothing 没有事（物）‎ every everybody 每个人 everyone 每个人 everything 每个事（物）‎ 注意：形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else要置于复合不定代词之后。如：‎ something important一些重要的事 There’s nothing else in the fridge.冰箱里没有其他的东西了。‎ ‎2. some-类的复合不定代词常用于肯定句或征求意见的疑问句中；any-类的复合不定代词常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。‎ Someone wants to talk with you. 有人想和你说话。‎ Can I have something to drink, please? 请问我可以喝点东西吗？‎ He doesn’t want to do anything. 他不想做任何事情。‎ 13‎ ‎3. any-类的复合不定代词与not连用，相当于no-类的复合不定代词。‎ There is not anything(= nothing) in that box. 那个盒子里没有什么东西。‎ ‎4. no one可以用于回答who引导的疑问句，不能回答how many引导的疑问句。‎ ‎---Who knows the answer to the question? 谁知道这个问题的答案。‎ ‎---No one. 没有人知道。‎ ‎5. every-类的复合不定代词与not连用，表示部分否定。‎ Not everybody likes watching TV. 并非人人都喜欢看电视。‎ Not everything is like what you said. 不是一切都像你说的那样。‎ ‎6. –one类和-body类的复合不定代词之后可以加上-‘s构成所有格。‎ He just found someone’s wallet.他刚刚发现别人的钱包。‎ 三点剖析 一、重难点：‎ ‎1. 在否定句中not...any的意义相当于no。如：‎ There isn’t any (= is no) water in the bottle.‎ 这个瓶子里一点水都没有。‎ ‎2. some用于可数名词单数前，表示“某个”。‎ Some careless man has taken my umbrella.‎ 某个粗心大意的人拿走了我的雨伞。‎ ‎3. everyone意为“人人、每人”，只指人，不指物，其后不能跟of短语；every one意为“每个”，可以指人，也可以指物，后面可以跟of短语。与every搭配的不定代词后，谓语用单数形式。‎ 13‎ Everyone in the class passed the math exam.这次数学考试班上人人都及格了。‎ Every one of us must study hard.我们中每一位都必须努力学习。‎ 二、易错点：‎ ‎1. 在征求意见的疑问句中或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，常用some.‎ Would you like some dessert? 你要吃些甜点吗？‎ ‎2. both和all与not连用时表示部分否定，意为“并非......都......”。如：‎ Both my parents are not doctors.并非我的父母都是医生。‎ ‎3. each 表示“每一”，可以跟单数可数名词，也可以单独使用。each强调个体，可以用于两者之间，可以用于三者或三者以上之间，可以和of连用。在句中可以作主语、宾语或同位语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ Each student can spend 10yuan.每个学生能花10元钱。‎ Each of his children goes to a different school. 他的每个孩子都在不同的学校读书。‎ 题模精选 题模一：一般不定代词 例‎1.1.1‎ 选择括号内所给不定代词填空。‎ I have many apples. I can give you _________. ( any, some )‎ 例‎1.1.2‎ 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。‎ all neither ‎1. ---Can you speak Japanese or English? ---_________, I can only speak Chinese.‎ ‎2. There are forty pupils in Class Two. _________ of them are Young Pioneers.‎ 题模二：复合不定代词 例‎1.2.1‎ ________is in the classroom. They are all on the playground.‎ 13‎ A． Everybody B． Somebody C． Anybody D． Nobody 例‎1.2.2 Please be quiet. I have _________ important to tell you.‎ A． something B． anything C． nothing D． everything 随堂练习 随练1.1 选用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。‎ both other each everybody a few ‎1. The film is not interesting. _________ people like it.‎ ‎2. I can lend you my new radio, but you mustn’t lend it to _________.‎ ‎3. Since _________ is here, let’s begin our meeting.‎ ‎4. My uncle and aunt are _________ good at boating.‎ ‎5. The nurse gave the children two oranges _________.‎ 随练1.2 Bill has two daughters, and _________of them are workers.‎ A． all B． both C． every D． each 随练1.3 There are still ______ apples here. We needn’t go shopping now.‎ A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 随练1.4 I invited four teachers and ____ can come. That’s great.‎ A． all B． both C． any D． none 随练1.5 ______ from your office phoned you. Here is the message.‎ A． Somebody B． Nobody C． Anybody D． Everybody 随练1.6 We've got two foreign teachers. One is from America, ______is from Canada.‎ A． another B． other 13‎ C． the other D． others 自我总结 课后作业 作业1 选择括号内所给不定代词填空。‎ ‎1. Is there _________ meat in the fridge? ( any, some )‎ ‎2. If you have _________ questions, please ask me. (any, some )‎ ‎3. There is _________ water in the bottle. I can drink it. ( little, a little )‎ ‎4. He has _________ friends. He always stays at home. ( few, a few )‎ ‎5. Could you lend me _________ money? ( some, any )‎ ‎6. _________ of them is good at English. ( Both, Neither )‎ ‎7. My parents are _________ doctors. ( all, both )‎ ‎8. The glass is broken. Give me _________ one. ( the other, another )‎ ‎9. You can have one apple _________, boys. ( every, each )‎ ‎10. The clock has three hands. One is short, _________ two are long. ( the other, another )‎ ‎11. He is not busy. He has _________ to do. ( something, nothing )‎ ‎12. Be quiet. I have _________ important to tell you. ( something, anything )‎ ‎13. If you need an eraser, I’ll lend you _________. (some, one )‎ ‎14. Listen! _________ is singing in the next room. ( Someone, Anyone )‎ ‎15. Would you like _________ more rice?‎ ‎16. _________ of us is afraid of difficulties. ( None, No one )‎ 作业2 I’m the only child in my family. I don’t have ______ brothers or sisters.‎ A． some B．  someone C． any D． anyone 作业3 Come here, Lily. I want to show you______ interesting.‎ A． something B． nothing C． anything D． everything 作业4 I don’t like the color of this dress. Could you please show me________ one.‎ 13‎ A． other B． others C． the other D． another 作业5 There is ________ water in the glass. Let’s go and get some.‎ A． few B． much C． many D． little 作业6 ‎ ‎—Can you speak Chinese, Peter?‎ ‎—Yes, but only_______.‎ A． few B． little C． a few D． a little 作业7 _________of my parents used to play tennis a few years ago.‎ A． Both B． All C． Either D． Each 作业8 I’ve got two sisters. One is a doctor, __________ is a teacher.‎ A． other B． the other C． others D． another 作业9 ‎ ‎— Mum, I want_______ of these two dresses.‎ ‎— Sorry. You can only buy one of them.‎ A． all B． none C． some D． both 作业10 We couldn’t have dinner in the hotel because____ of us had money with us.‎ A． none B． no one C． nothing D． all 作业11 ‎ ‎—There’s _____ wrong with my chair. Can you mend it?‎ ‎—No problem.‎ A． something B． nothing C． everything D． anything 答案解析 13‎ 不定代词 题模精选 题模一：一般不定代词 例‎1.1.1‎ ‎【答案】 some ‎【解析】 考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。句意：我有很多苹果。我可以给你一些。陈述句，表示“一些”，故选some。‎ 例‎1.1.2‎ ‎【答案】 1. Neither 2. All ‎【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握。‎ 题模二：复合不定代词 例‎1.2.1‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。由后句“他们都在操场上”可知，前句为“没有人在教室”，故选D。‎ 例‎1.2.2‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。根据句意，“请安静”可知是有一些重要的事要说。something“一些”，故选A。‎ 随堂练习 随练1.1‎ 13‎ ‎【答案】 1. Few 2. others 3. everybody 4. both 5. each ‎【解析】 本题考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。‎ 随练1.2‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握情况。无every of用法，先排除 C，each of 强调个体，谓语动词常为单数；all通常指代三者个以上；根据题意只有both符合要求，指代的是“两者都”，故选B。‎ 随练1.3‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】 根据apples及句意属于肯定可知。‎ 随练1.4‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 不定代词，句中four teachers为3个可知用all。‎ 随练1.5‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查不定代词。由句意可知应选somebody表“某人”含义，nobody（没有人），anybody（任何人，everybody(每人)均不符。‎ 随练1.6‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查了固定搭配。one…the other…一个…, 另一个…。故选C。‎ 作业1‎ ‎【答案】 1. any 2. any 3. a little 4. few ‎5. some 6. Neither 7. both 8. another ‎9. each 10. the other 11. nothing 12. something ‎13. one 14. Someone 15. some 16. None ‎【解析】 本题考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。‎ 13‎ 作业2‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 否定句中用any。‎ 作业3‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查不定代词。故选A.‎ 作业4‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 不定代词，another两者中的另一个。‎ 作业5‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 代词，根据题意可知表示没有水了，故用little。‎ 作业6‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 代词辨析，根据Chinese属于不可数名词及句意肯定，可知用a little ，故选项D正确。‎ 作业7‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查了代词的用法。both of…两者都…。故选A。‎ 作业8‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查了固定句型。one…the other…, 一个…另外一个。故选B。‎ 作业9‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 考查不定代词，both用于肯定两者。‎ 作业10‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 代词，根据前句couldn’t have dinner可知后句表示“无人”， none of…做主语，no one不加of。故选项A正确。‎ 作业11‎ 13‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查句型。There’s something wrong with sth.故选A。‎ 13‎