第41讲　定语从句.ppt

聚焦中考 —— 英语（外研版） 第 41 讲　 定语从句 【 真题体验 】 1 ． I can't find the book ________ my mother bought me.( 2013 ， 鞍山 ) A ． who B ． when C ． which D ． what 2 ． —Look ！ That is the woman ________ I met yesterday. —Oh ？ She's my aunt. ( 2013 ， 湛江 ) A ． what B ． who C ． where D ． when 3 ． This is the school ________ we visited last year. ( 2013 ， 黄石 ) A ． that B ． where C ． who D ． whose 【 考点梳理 】 中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在定语从句的功能、结构和关系词的用法上 ， 重点考查由 that ， which ， who 引导的定语从句。 定语从句 C 　 B 　 A 高频考向一　定语从句的关系词 定语从句在句中作定语 ， 修饰一个名词或代词 ， 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后 ， 由关系代词 who ， whom ， that ， which ， whose 或关系副词 when ， where ， why 等引导。 1 ． who ， whom ， that 代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词 ， 在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you ？他是想见你的那个人吗？ He is the man(who/whom/that)I saw yesterday. 他是昨天我看到的那个人。 定语从句 2 ． which ， that 代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词 ， 在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如： Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 The coat(that/which)I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的外套是蓝色的。 3 ． whose 用来指人或物 ， 只用作定语。如： Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 请把封面是绿色的那本书递给我。 定语从句 4 ． 关系副词有 when ， where ， why ， 它们在句中作状语。如： I'll never forget the days when we studied together. 我永远忘不了我们一起学习的那些日子。 This is the city where my father worked ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前工作的城市。 Do you know the reason why he was late for school? 你知道他上学迟到的原因吗？ 定语从句 【 例 1】 — Do you know Mo Yan? —Of course.He is the famous writer ________ won the Nobel Prize in 2012. ( 2013 ， 福州 ) A ． who B ． whom C ． which D ． whose 点拨： 考查定语从句关系词。先行词是 writer ， 指人 ， 且在从句中作主语 ， 故应用关系代词 who 。 答案： ________ 【 例 2】 Please pass me the cartoon book ________ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover. ( 2012 ， 天津 ) A ． whom B ． whose C ． who D ． which 点拨： 先行词是 book ， 指物 ， 因此关系词用 which 。 答案： ________ 定语从句 A 　 D 　 【 例 3】 This is the primary school ________ I studied three years ago. ( 2012 ， 宜宾 ) A ． where B ． when C ． that D ． which 点拨： 先行词 school 在定语从句中作 studied 的地点状语。 答案： ________ 定语从句 A 高频考向二　关系词只用 that 而不用 which 的情况 1 ． 当先行词前被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我所看过的足球赛中最激烈的一场。 2 ． 当先行词前有一个序数词修饰时。如： The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light. 你首先要做的就是关灯。 定语从句 3 ． 先行词为 all ， everything ， nothing ， something ， anything ， little ， much ， none 等不定代词时 (something 后也可用 which) 。如： All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class. 我们为学生所要做的事情就是告诉他们如何在课堂上说英语。 I'm going to buy everything that I need. 我要去买我所需要的一切东西。 4 ． 当先行词前面有 only ， all ， any ， no 等词修饰时。如： That's all that I want to say. 这就是我想说的全部。 5 ． 当并列的先行词分别表示人和物时。如： They are talking about things and persons that they remembered. 他们谈论他们所能回忆起来的人或事。 定语从句 【 例 4】 The Palace Museum is the best place ________ I've ever visited. ( 2013 ， 十堰 ) A ． that B ． which C ． where D ． what 点拨： 在先行词 place 前有形容词最高级 best 修饰 ， 关系词只能用 that 。 答案： ________ 【 例 5】 Look at the boy and his dog ________ are coming this way. A ． who B ． which C ． that D ． whom 点拨： 先行词是由人与物组成时 ， 关系代词用 that 。 答案： ________ 定语从句 A 　 C 　 高频考向三　关系词只能用 who(whom) 而不用 that 的情况 1 ． 当先行词为 all ， any 或其合成词或 a few 且指人时。如： Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 任何违法的人都会受到惩罚。 2 ． 先行词为 that ， this ， those 或 these 且指人时。如： Those who hadn't bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall. 那些还没买着票的人拥挤在候车厅里。 3 ． 当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时 ， 在口语中用 who 或 whom 引导均可 ， 但如直接位于介词后作宾语时 ， 只能用 whom 。如： The guest (who/whom) I'll first introduce to you is a little girl. 我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。 I met a few friends of mine ， among whom was my old classmate. 我遇见几位朋友 ， 其中一位是我的老同学。 定语从句 【 例 6】 Success will belong to those ________ never say “ impossible ” ． ( 2012 ， 河南 ) A ． whom B ． what C ． who D ． which 点拨： 先行词 those ， 故关系代词用 who 。 答案： ________ 定语从句 C 一、单项选择。 1 ． —What are you looking for? —I'm looking for the watch ________ I bought yesterday. ( 2013 ， 长沙 ) A ． which B ． who C ． whose D ． where 2 ． Lily doesn't know ________ she and her friends can do to help the little boy ________ parents have left their hometown for making money. ( 2013 ， 兰州 ) A ． that ； those B ． how ； who C ． what ； who D ． what ； whose 3 ． I still remember the college and the teachers ________ I visited in London years ago. ( 2013 ， 安徽 ) A ． what B ． who C ． that D ． which 定语从句 A D 　 C 　 4 ． A friend is someone ________ says ， “ What ！ You too ？ I thought I was the only one ！ ” ( 2013 ， 河南 ) A ． who B ． which C ． what D ． whose 5 ． —What kind of music do you like? —I like music ________ I can dance to. ( 2013 ， 宜宾 ) A ． because B ． when C ． who D ． that 6 ． I'll never forget the lesson ________ last year. ( 2013 ， 三亚 ) A ． that I learn B ． that I learned C ． what I learn D ． what I learned 定语从句 A 　 D 　 B 　 7 ． She is the girl ________ invention got the first prize in the school competition. ( 2013 ， 荆州 ) A ． who B ． that C ． which D ． whose 8 ． One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou ________ are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake. ( 2011 ， 扬州 ) A ． what B ． who C ． that D ． / 9 ． I'll never forget the day ________ the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech. ( 2011 ， 菏泽 ) A ． that B ． which C ． when D ． where 定语从句 D 　 C 　 C 　 10 ． Yesterday Li Ming went to the village________his family lived ten years ago. ( 2013 ， 德州 ) A ． when B ． which C ． where D ． that 11 ． —Do you know the kid with ________ Bob is talking over there? —Yes ， it's my cousin. ( 2011 ， 黄石 ) A ． who B ． that C ．不填 D ． whom 12 ． There will be a flower show in the park ________ we visited last week. ( 2012 ， 广东 ) A ． who B ． when C ． what D ． which 定语从句 C 　 D 　 D 　 13 ． Mr Smith ________ is smoking is looking for ________ he lost yesterday. ( 2012 ， 梅州 ) A ． whom ； which B ． who ； what C ． that ； who D ． which ； where 14 ． —Do you enjoy My Heart w ill Go On? —No ， I prefer songs ________ loud. ( 2012 ， 达州 ) A ． that is B ． which is C ． that are D ． what are 定语从句 B 　 C 　 完成考点跟踪突破 41 聚焦中考 —— 英语（外研版）